Chapter 13-17 Final Exam DEP

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?

Denial and isolation

Which of the following is MOST typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?

Difficulty viewing close objects

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages of development do individuals experience in late adulthood?

Integrity vs. despair

In which of the following states is active euthanasia NOT considered a crime?

Washington

It has been two weeks since Brianna's husband left her for someone else. She knows that this divorce will be a life-changing event for her. Even though she is distressed, she has coped with difficult things in the past, and is sure she will recover from this, too. The contemporary life-events approach would consider her appraisal to be:

an adaptation factor.

Zane's mother seems to know every historical fact about their hometown. You can pick any building and she can tell you all the people who have owned it. Zane is impressed with his mother's ________ intelligence.

crystallized

In terms of Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage, the achievement of generativity is linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

decreased stress.

According to research, grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are at increased risk for developing:

depression

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with menopause?

depression

Michael, 33 years old, is married, a father of two, and getting established in his career. He finds himself torn between obligations to his family and his employer, and often ponders where his loyalties are and where to draw boundaries. According to Levinson, he is:

determining his goals.

Everyone knows Donna's son died in a car accident, but only she and her husband know that a suicide note was found in his room. Donna cannot bring herself to tell anyone the truth, although she is horribly distressed over the circumstances of his death. Donna is experiencing:

disenfranchised grief.

The level of cholesterol in the blood increases through the adult years and in midlife begins to accumulate on the artery walls, increasing the risk of:

cardiovascular disease.

Paige is having a surgical procedure to replace the natural lenses in her eyes with artificial ones. This is a routine procedure, performed to take care of:

cataracts.

Stella and Theresa, both in their early seventies, were shocked to hear that one of their same-aged friends is getting divorced. The observation that couples in their age group are much less likely to divorce is probably due to:

cohort effects

It is observed that respect for older adults is greater in ________ cultures than in ________ cultures.

collectivistic; individualistic

Harold's wife died seven months ago, yet Harold still feels detached and believes his life has no meaning. Harold is experiencing:

complicated grief.

The ________ life-events approach focuses on the ways life events and the circumstances surrounding the events influence development.

contemporary

A recent study found that older adults with ________ levels of education had better cognitive functioning.

higher

________ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

hospice

Basilio sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and his children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of:

passive euthanasia.

Galen's story of aging is one of decline. In midlife he developed cardiovascular disease that dominated his quality of life. Later, he developed mild cognitive impairment and then Alzheimer disease. His story reflects:

pathological aging

The commonly noticed decrease in working memory and other cognitive activities is likely to be associated with the finding that the ________ shrinks with age.

prefrontal cortex

Lung capacity drops ________ between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.

40%

What was the average life expectancy in 1900 and what percentage of the population lived past 65 years of age?

47 years; 3%

Elias, 55 years old, has difficulty attaining or maintaining an erection. After some research he finds that about ________ of the men his age experience the same problem.

50%

Agnes is working on improving her cardiac functioning by healthy eating, exercise, and watching her weight. She knows that this is one of the best strategies to lower her risk of ________.

Alzheimer disease

Olympia has come to realize that she really has a disease that is slowly destroying her body. At 55 years old she believes she is too young to be dealing with this. She is angry and frustrated, and keeps mumbling, "Why me? Why now?" Olympia is in which of Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?

Anger

Which of the following is a consistent finding regarding age identity?

As adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age. older people feel younger than their age

Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in height with the advancement in age?

Bone loss in the vertebrae

Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?

Buddhism

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75 to 84 and 85 and over age groups?

Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from disciplined to impulsive?

Conscientiousness

Angelique is in the terminal stages of cancer. She feels that the pain has now become unbearable, so she requests her doctor to end her life painlessly through medication. Which of the following acts is Angelique requesting her doctor to perform?

Euthanasia

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?

Free-radical theory

According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women?

Lack of sexual interest

________ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

Living will

Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from secure to insecure?

Neuroticism

Which of the following factors is MOST likely to predict high status for older adults in a culture?

Older persons control key family/community resources.

Which of the following statements about older workers is TRUE?

Older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers.

Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from independent to conforming?

Openness

Which of the following is a common way to assess speed of information processing?

Reaction-time task

Other than pining for the lost person, which of the following is another dimension of grief over death?

Separation anxiety

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relations is TRUE?

Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics.

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. This is an example of which model of social relations?

Social convoy model

Brain death occurs when:

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

Which of the following is one of the reasons why many middle-aged workers are delaying retirement plans?

The decline in defined-benefit pensions

Which of the following is an advantage of a dying individual knowing that he or she is dying?

The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.

Which of the following is NOT part of palliative care?

Trying to cure the patient of an illness

Kevin was in a serious car accident and knows this will be a life-changing event for him. Fortunately, he has a large, supportive family. The contemporary life-events approach would consider his family support to be:

a mediating factor.

A(n) ________ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent.

advance directive

________ for six months reduced menopausal symptoms in a group of sedentary women.

aerobic training

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:

age identity

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as:

ageism

Carol's family wants to take her mother, Martha, out to eat for her eightieth birthday. Carol suggested a new restaurant that everyone is trying, but her daughter said, "That's not the kind of place to take Grandma. I don't think she would be comfortable there. Where do all the old people eat?" Her daughter is demonstrating:

ageism.

Mrs. Hernandez has considerable pain and swelling in her wrists, fingers, and knees. It is becoming very difficult for her to maintain her usual routines as her stiffness increases. Mrs. Hernandez has:

arthritis.

Norman is facing imminent death. Consistent with a recent study of Canadians in a similar situation, if he can choose, he will likely want to die:

at home

In 1900, most people died:

at home, cared for by their family.

Salvador, now 42 years old, ponders over what to wear, what to say, and what music to listen to. He knows that if he stays with what is comfortable, he will be seen as "old" to his kids and younger colleagues. At the same time, he doesn't want to feel like he belongs in the generation of his father. Levinson would say he is struggling with:

being young versus being old.

Studies of social support and older adults have shown high levels of social support are related to all of the following EXCEPT:

early cognitive decline.

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:

fight-or-flight manner.

Participation in the labor force for 75-year-old and older adults is mainly driven by:

finances

Joe finds himself revisiting questions he has had since high school about being young or old and taking risks or taking the typical route to adulthood. According to Levinson, Joe's transition to middle adulthood will last about ________ years.

five

Roman was concerned when his father decided to shift from practicing one area of law to another at his age of 53. True to John Horn's finding that ________ can increase in middle age, his father was able to master the new area and retain what he had learned.

fluid intelligence

Harold and Sue are both in their seventies. If they are typical of older adults in the United States, based on their gender it is likely that Harold will develop ________ and Sue will develop ________.

hearing problems; vision problems

Maria hadn't been on a bike in 15 years. She was a little shaky at first until she got her balance, but after that she was able to ride with her family, have a conversation, and look around the neighborhood. Maria was using ________ memory.

implicit

A potential benefit of working in an occupation with a high level of mental demand is:

improved cognitive functioning

All of the following are associated with older adults using the Internet EXCEPT:

increased depression.

________ were the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century

infectious disease

Cindy is visiting her grandfather who is in hospice care and not expected to live much longer. She is feeling nervous and awkward. She pulls the hospice worker aside and asks, "Do you think reminiscing is a good idea?" The hospice worker knows:

it's a good idea, and she should start with memories they have in common.

_____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

life expectancy

Researchers have primarily used ________ studies to assess stability and change across the life span.

longitudinal

Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by:

looking forward to death.

A common complaint voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n):

loss of privacy.

A study of the five personality factors in older adults found that more severe depression was associated with all the following EXCEPT:

lower agreeableness.

All of the following have been found to be stress reducing EXCEPT:

marital separation.

________ is the developmental period that has been traditionally defined as beginning at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extending to about 60 to 65 years of age.

middle adulthood

Older adults remember ________ when compared to that of younger adults.

more positive information

Which of the following statements about research on the empty nest syndrome is TRUE?

most couples do not experience it

In a study of older adults at 70, 78, and 85, the MOST consistent factor that predicted loneliness was:

not being married.

Levinson sees the twenties as a(n) ________ phase of adult development.

novice

Approximately ________ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12% of the population.

one-third

Researchers increasingly are finding that ________ is linking to being healthier and living longer.

optimism

Stacy is a director of a senior center. Every week she leads a group where the elders discuss past activities and experiences. The members of the group are encouraged to share anecdotes, old pictures, and other family memorabilia that remind them of significant events in their past. Stacy's group is a form of:

reminiscence therapy.

Younger adults are more likely to experience ________ love and older adults are more likely to experience ________ love.

romantic; affectionate

The term ________ is given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.

sarcopenia

Successful aging is related to three main factors:

selection, optimization, and compensation

The term ________ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

selective attention

Lavinia, now 84 years old, is very happy with her situation. She is confident she can continue to take care of her house, enjoy her hobby of quilting, and take care of routine issues that arise. Lavinia is high in:

self-efficacy.

A person's knowledge about the world is called ________ memory.

semantic

Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with:

separation anxiety

Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts:

six months.

In middle age there is an increase in:

sleep-disordered breathing

Clara is frustrated because the closed captioning is moving too fast on the television. The people talk too fast and the words in the closed captioning are moving too fast. Clara is experiencing:

slower perceptual speed

In terms of visible signs of aging, a study of twins found that sagging facial skin and wrinkles were linked to:

smoking.

Voletta believes that older adults become more selective about their social networks as they age. She is a proponent of:

socioemotional selectivity theory.

Calvin and Vincent, both in their early seventies, are avid runners. Calvin would be content to stick with his aerobic activity, but Vincent insists that gerontologists recommend ________ training in addition to aerobic activity for older adults.

strength

When the house is quiet, Lucy's grandmother can knit for hours. She uses ________ attention to keep up counting and changing stitches.

sustained

In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is:

the patient's feelings of control and self-determination.

In a 2004 survey conducted by AARP, divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of:

their children.

As an organizer for the local community center Ralph is always looking for ways to convince older adults to get active. Recently he found a 2016 study by Han and others showing that ________was the strongest predictor of living longer.

volunteering