chapter 13

Built almost 2000 years ago, the Point du Gard at Times is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the _________ which allowed an architect to make structures with a much larger span than was possible with the Post and Lintel.

Arch

Choose the correct title of each Greek Order?

Doric, Corinthian, Ionic

__________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known a _____________.

Grion vaults; bay

What structure used digital fabrication in its construction?

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain

Recognize characteristics of particular architectural styles by matching each characteristic to the appropriate category.

Romanesque-Groin vaults Gothic -Flying buttresses digital Design -complex curving forms became possible International -geometric (usually rectilinear) form Gothic -pointed arch International -clean lines Romanesque -Barrel vault hides the roof structure Green -sustainable development

What erm is used to describe the ability of a material to withstand tension?

Tensile strength

The International style emphasizes ________________.

all of these

________ is the art and science of designing building, bridges, and other structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs. It is experienced from within as well as without.

architecture

__________ plays an important role in nurturing and sustaining communities.

architecture

__________ is a product of the industrial revolution. Mass-produced factory milled studs like two-by fours are assembled on site using mass-produced factory formed metal nails to create the frame of a house which is them covered in either wood, brick, stone veneer, aluminum and so on. This method is used to mass produce suburban housing.

ballon fame construction

A _________ creates a large interior space and is created by extending the arch in depth one after another. Tunnels formed by this construction method are very dark because inserting openings for light would compromise their strengths.

barrel vault

Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with

both piers and flying buttresses.

The Crystal Palace was one of the first buildings to use the skeleton-and skin system of _________. This building was prefabricated with iron parts cast at the factory and transported tot he site and assembled there. This solid iron frame work covered in a glass skin, which was non-load-bearing paved the way for 20th-century architecture.

cast -iron construction

The ________ is an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere or a half globe and is commonly defined as an arch rotated 360 degrees.

dome

What material did Shigeru Ban use in his Centre Pompidou-Metz, that updated the ancient idea of fabric architecture?

fiber glass

The U.S. Pavilion used the structural system called ________. It is essentially a bubble, formed by a network of metal rods arranged in triangles and further organized into tetrahedrons.

geodesic dome

The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the ______.

greek orders

________ architecture addresses the materials that buildings are made of , the construction methods used to make them, and the technology used to heat and cool them, to light their interior spaces, and to supply them with electricity and water.

green

Choose the best possible match.

keystone the topmost stone in an archway is the - tensile strength the amount of stretching stress a material can withstand before it bends or breaks is known as its -bracket sets is used to distribute the heavy weight of a roof onto slender wooden columns. - corbelling is a technique to create a dome in which a course of stones extends slightly beyond the one below. - hypostyle hall A space that uses post-and-lintel construction and features a forest of columns is called an __________ - adobe A sun-dried brick is called _____

Stacking and piling is another term for ___________.

load-bearing construction

Hoodo (phoenix Hall), Byodo-in Temple, Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan The Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto, Japan, is an elegant example of _______ in which two uprights support a horizontal crosspiece.

post and lintel construction

The most important advantage ________ gives is its ability to take on natural curved shapes such as eggshells, seashells, or other organic shapes. It can do this because it will assume the shaped of any mold and it gets it strength from embedding iron rods and/or steel mesh inside the concrete before it hardens. This gibes it greater tensile strength then either material alone. The Sydney Opera House is an dramatic example of its ability to span distance with curving organic forms.

reinforced concrete construction

Gothic architects found they did not need heavy masses of material throughout the curve of the vault, as long as the major points of intersection were reinforced with _______.

ribs

The Wainwright Building is an early example of ______. A skeleton and skin arrangement in which builders erect a skeleton out of light, narrow, prefabricated I-beams that are capable of sustaining the entire with of the building. The skeleton is then covered with another material.

steel frame construction

Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, 1937. The structural system of _________ is primarily associated with bridges. In this system many parallel wires share the stress of the structure, which is suspended from these cables and are supported on vertical pylons driven into the ground. The Golden Gate Bridge is an example of this type of bridge.

suspension construction

The key to fabric architecture is tension: for fabric to bear weight and resist wind, it must be pulled tense. For that reason, fabric structures are also known as _____________.

tensile structures or tensile membrane structures

The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are _____.

the shell and the skeleton and skin