chapter 13

McCarthyism

campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950-54.

massive retaliation

communist states seize territory by force

military-industrial complex

country's military establishment and those industries producing arms or other military materials, regarded as a powerful vested interest.

nuclear

denoting, possessing, or involving weapons using nuclear energy.

George Kennan

diplomat who explained his long views on the soviet union; also known as the Long Telegram

subversion

effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government

Spuntnik

first artificial satellite to orbit the earth

censure

formal disapproval

covert

hidden

how did McCarthyism and the Red Scare change American society and government?

it made people fear communism

retain

keep or have

containment

keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic economic and military actions

Alger Hiss

lawyer and diplomat who served in Roosevelt's administration, attended Yalta conference, and taken part in organizing united nations

perjury

lying under oath

dominant

most in control/ power

iron curtain

national barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

satellite nation

nations that were aligned with, but also under the influence and pressure of, the Soviet Union. (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany)

developing nation

nations with primarily agricultural economies

temporary

not permanent

sole

only or main

central intelligence agency

operational group that prevented communism uprisings in other countries

element

part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic.

parallel

person or thing that is similar or analogous to another.

what did the McCarran Act purpose do?

protect the United States against certain un-American and subversive activities by requiring registration of Communist organizations correct to: made it illegal to associate w/communist

confirm

prove something is true, or make note

fallout

radiation left over after a blast

explain the goals of Venona

solve soviet codes

imply

strongly suggest the truth or existence

why did tensions grow between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II?

tensions grew because of the separation of Germany and whether or not Poland should choose their own government

what long term Cold War strategy did the United states follow?

the US had a policy of containment communism throught international aid, diplomacy and have a strong military;

At Yalta, what agreement did the "big three "come to about Germany's future after World War II?

the agreement was to make them pay reparations, and to split Germany and Berlin into 4 sections.

mutual

the same or identical

what was the significance of the Soviet union launching of Sputnik in 1957?

triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War.

route

way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination.

brinkmanship

willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down

how did technology shape Eisenhower's military policy?

It allowed him to pursue the policy of brinkmanship since the nuclear arsenal was a real threat. It also allowed the U.S. to spy on other nations with satellites and spy planes.

how did Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan address the spread of communism?

The Truman Doctrine pledged U.S. military involvement to fight the spread of communism, and the Marshall Plan provided economic aid to strengthen resistance to communism

fallout shelter

a safe place protecting people from fallout

Potsdam

a town near Berlin where the Stalin met in 1945

limited war

a war fought to achieve a limited objective,such as containing communism

estate

an area or amount of land or property, in particular

cold war

(1946-1990) era where the united states and the soviet union competed leading to great tensions.

Marshall Plan

(1947) European recovery program that gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economy

loyalty review program

(1947)designed to root out communist influence in the U.S. federal government.

NATO

(1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a mutual defense alliance between 12 countries

McCarran Act

(1950) Internal Security act made after fear of communism.