Chapter 13- Artificial Intelligence

Turing Test

A behavioural approach to determining whether a computer system is intelligent.

Artificial Neural Network

A computer representation of knowledge that attempts to mimic the neural networks of the human body.

Semantic Network

A knowledge representation technique that represents the relationships among objects .

Chatbot

A program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user.

Rule-based System

A software system based on a set of if-then rules.

Effective Weight

In an artificial neuron, the sum of the weights multiplied by the corresponding input values.

Natural Language

Languages that humans use to communicate, such as English.

Breadth-first Approach

Searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths.

Depth-first Approach

Searching down the paths of a tree prior to searching across levels.

Referential Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when pronouns could be applied to multiple objects.

Syntactic Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when sentences can be constructed in various ways.

Lexical Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings.

Strong Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results.

Weak Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results.

Loebner Prize

The first formal instantiation of the Turing test, held annually

Voiceprint

The plot of frequency changes over time representing the sound of human speech.

Training

The process of adjusting the weights and threshold values in a neural net to get a desired outcome.

Phonemes

The set of fundamental sounds made in any given natural language.

Inference Engine

The software that processes rules to draw conclusions.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind.

Natural Language Comprehension

Using a computer to apply a meaningful interpretation to human communication.

Voice Synthesis

Using a computer to create the sound of human speech.

Voice Recognition

Using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a human.

Search Tree

A structure that represents alternatives in adversarial situations, such as game playing.

Expert System

A software system based on the knowledge of human experts.

Knowledge-based System

Software that uses a specific set of information.