chapter 13 endocrine system
diabetic retinopathy
complication of diabetes causing damage to the retina of the eye
hypercalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
hypothyroidism
deficiency of the thyroid secretion
cretinism
a congenital lack of thyroid secretion
thyrotoxicosis
a life threatening condition resulting from the presence of excessive quantities of the thyroid hormones
laparoscopic
a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands
goiter
abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that produces a swelling in the front part of the neck
gigantism
abnormal overgrowth of the body caused by excessive secretion of the growth of hormone before puberty
exophthalmus
abnormal protrusion of the eyes
chemical thyroidectomy
administration of radioactive iodine to suppress the fuction of the thyroid
metabolism
all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients; rate at which the body uses energy and the speed at which the body functions work
insulin
allows glucose to enter the cells for the use as energy
aldosteronism
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
hyperglycemia
an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
diabetic ketoacidosis
an acute, life threatening complication caused by a severe insulin deficiency
Graves disease
an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmus
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks thyroid tissue, setting up an inflammatory process that may progressively destroy the gland
tetany
any abnormal condition characterized by periodic painful muscle spasms and tremors
endocrinopathy
any disease due to a disorder of the endocrine system
pinealopathy
any disorder of pineal gland
pituitarism
any disorder of the pituitary function
gonadotropic hormone
any hormone that stimulates the gonads
pituitary adenoma
benign tumor of pituitary gland that causes excess hormone secretion
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine
insulinoma
benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia
prolactinoma
benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
thymoma
benign tumor originating in the thymus
fructosamine test
blood test that mesasures average blood sugar levels over the previous three weeks
hypoparathyroidism
condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid gland
hypercrinism
condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland
hypocrinism
condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland
hyperparathyroidism
condition caused by insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid glands
diabetes inspidus
condition caused by insufficient production of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH that allows too much fluid to be excreted
cushing's syndrome
condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol produced by the body or taken as medicine
hyperinsulinism
condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin that produces hypoglycemia
hypogonadism
condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands
hyperthyroidism
condition of excess thyroid hormones in the blood
gynecomastia
condition of excessive mammary development in the male
hypergonadism
condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands
hypopituitarism
condition of reduced secretion due to the partial of complete loss of fuction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
acromegaly
enlargement of the extremities caused by secretion of the growth hormone after puberty
thyromegaly
enlargement of thyroid gland
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urination
gestational diabetes mellitus
form of diabetes that may occur during pregnancies and usually disappears after delivery
diabetes mellitus
group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion
estrogen
important in development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle
thymitis
inflammation if the thymus gland
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal glands
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
epinephrine
medication used as a vasoconstrictor to treat conditions, such as heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks
electrolytes
mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, found in blood
steroid
naturally produced hormones that help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics; artifically produced hormones used as medications to duplicate the action of naturally occuring steroids
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter that stimulates sympathetic nervous system via adrenal medulla
progesterone
ovaries- completes preparation of uterus for possible pregnancy
pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
hyperpituitarism
pathology that results in excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
thymosin
plays important role in the immune system
thyroxine
primary thyroid hormone
Addioson's Disease
progressive disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol that if untreated can produce a life threatening crisis
growth hormone
regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissue
hypophysectomy
removal of all or part of the pituitary gland by the use of radiation or surgery
glucagon
secreted in response to low blood sugar, increases amount of glucose in the blood stream
myxedema
severe form of hypothyroidism
thyroid-stimulating hormone
stimulates secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland
testosterone
stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. causes milk to flow from mammory gland after childbirth
glycohemoglobin
substance that forms when glucose in the blood attaches to the hemoglobin
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of the brain, liver, lung, or thyroid gland
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more parathyroid hormones
pinealectomy
surgical removal of pineal gland
thymectomy
surgical removal of thymus gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
works with calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues