Chapter 13
No single sexually transmitted infection (STI) has caused more deaths, had a greater impact on sexual behavior, or created more public fear in the last two decades than
HIV
Which of the following statements represents the way experts today view sexual orientation?
It is most likely determined by a combination of genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors
which of the following best demonstrates the role of the environment in alcoholism?
Low rates of alcoholism among cultures where alcohol is not frequently consumed
Self-efficacy improves when individuals set goals that are
achievable
For adults, motivation, goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring, and grit are all components of
achievement
_____________ is a behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply
addiction
Sustained activity that stimulates heart and lung functioning is described as
aerobic
Which of the following refers to a movement on college campuses that asks for each individual to give in words or in actions an indication of willingness to participate in sexual activity before participation?
affirmative consent
A disorder that involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages that impairs the drinker's health and social relationships is called
alcoholism
The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized for
applying primarily to privileged youth
Research shows that dieting efforts
are most effective when combined with exercise typically lead to short-term weight loss, but not long-term weight loss are most effective when they involve deliberate meal planning
What area of substance abuse peaks at about 21 to 22 years of age?
binge drinking
Which of the following are more common in emerging adulthood than in early adulthood?
binge drinking risky sexual behavior poor sleeping habits
Given the average age of marriage in the USA, emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are
both sexually active and unmarried
Research shows that sexual orientation
can rarely, if ever, be changed
Obesity is linked to an increased risk of which of the following?
cardiovascular disease diabetes hypertension
Many individuals envision a career path that will enable them to fulfill the American dream. This tendency has been described by Phyllis Moen as the ______________
career mystique
With regard to sexuality, as compared to men, women are more likely to do which of the following?
change their sexual patterns or desires identify themselves as bisexual have sexual experiences with both same and opposite sex partners
What type of therapy has proven successful in people with binge eating disorder?
cognitive behavior therapy
In today's world sexuality is viewed as a
continuum
Acquaintance or ___________ is coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted
date rape
Marlys went out to a movie one night with a recent acquaintance and was forced into having intercourse even though she said she didn't want to. This is an example of
date rape
Recent research revealed that reported life satisfaction
declined with unemployment and increased with new employment
Research has shown that, by the time emerging adults have reached their late 20s, many have
decreased their use of alcohol and drugs
HIV is a virus that
destroys the immune system
Among the following, who is the least likely to receive preventive health services?
emerging adult male
The stage that occurs from about 18 to 25 years of age is known as
emerging adulthood
Delay of gratification
engaging in self-control by waiting until later to obtain something more valuable rather than immediately seeking satisfaction with something less valuable
The most effective weight loss programs include
exercise
According to William Damon, when it comes to achievement and career development, adolescents and emerging adults need to
explore the long-term picture of what they want to do in life
Which of the following have been implicated in the development of binge eating disorder?
family functioning genetics dopamine production
Research shows that compared to gay male couples, lesbian couples have
fewer sexual partners
According to Piaget, ________________________ thought is the final stage in cognitive development and characterizes adolescents as well as adults
formal operational
Which of the following is key to resilient adaptation during emerging adulthood?
forming close positive relationships
The increases in educational attainment and jobs among young and emerging adults since the 1970s is attributed primarily to which of the following factors?
gender changes
Commitment to which two factors precedes the acquisition of the quality of grit?
goals life purpose
The passion and persistence to achieve long-term goals is best referred to as
grit
The Sex in America survey found that nearly 75% of married men and 85% of married women
had never been unfaithful
Compared to earlier generations, American women today in their late teens and early 20s are more likely to
have a college degree
Which of the following has been identified as a major factor in determining whether a person will develop alcoholism?
heredity
The possible factors involved in obesity include which of the following?
heredity dieting environmental factors
These days, many adults can expect to work
in short-term jobs at a series of jobs
A recent study found that about 70% of college students were characterized as
inadequate sleepers
Marijuana use by college students has _____________ in recent years
increased dramatically
One study revealed that most bad health habits from adolescence ___________ emerging adulthood
increased in
The internal motivation to do something for its own sake is referred to as ____________________
intrinsic motivation
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the legal definition of rape?
it differs from state to state
Which of the following is an accurate statement about emerging adulthood?
it is a time of increased well-being for some and increased anxiety and depression for others
Which of the following statements is most representative of emerging adulthood?
it is a transitional period that involves experimentation and exploration
Which of the following are aspects of self-regulation in acheivement?
judging performance monitoring progress evaluating outcomes
Compared to gay men, lesbians have __________ permissive attitudes about casual sex outside a primary relationship
less
Frequency of sexual activity in adults is strongly related to
life satisfaction for both men and women
What has research indicated are primary reasons of stress regarding work?
long hours uncertain job expectations low salaries lack of advancement opportunities
Women living in an environment with a _____________ socio-economic status are 6x more likely to be obese than women from __________ socio-economic status environments
lower higher
For adults, exercise has been shown to result in which of the following?
lower levels of anxiety reduction in depression
2nd hand smoke is implicated in as many as 9,000 __________ deaths annually
lung cancer
The most frequent transmission category of AIDS continues to be
male-male sexual contact
Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?
males in emerging adulthood
Chronic binge drinking is most likely among
males living in fraternity houses
Which of the following statements about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are true?
many psychologists suggest that extrinsic motivation alone is not a good strategy intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can operate simultaneously
Which of the following research findings reflect efforts by dual-career couples to balance roles?
men have taken over more household duties men are taking greater interest in family and parenting women are breadwinners
Emerging adults have sexual intercourse with __________individuals than young adults, but they have sex ________ frequently
more less
The 1994 Sex in America survey revealed that, in regard to sexuality, Americans are
more conservative than previously believed
Work is an important part of a person's life, but research has shown that workers would like to have which of the following?
more flexibility greater control over time
Emerging adults are ______ individuals in their late twenties and thirties to have had sexual intercourse with two or more individuals in the past year.
more likely than
Emerging adults have ____________ the mortality rate of adolescents
more than twice
Which of the following aspects of physical performance begin to show decline in early adulthood around age 30?
muscle tone strength
Richard is a 40-year-old man who drinks on weekends. He is able to control his alcohol intake but has been drinking since past 15 years. To date, his health has not been affected negatively and his family relationships are intact. Does Richard suffer from alcoholism?
no, because he can control his drinking no, because his health or social relationships are not negatively affected
In the 1994 Sex in America survey, a majority of men said they think about sex daily, and a majority of women said they think about sex
only a few times a week or a few times a month
The majority of American adults with full-time jobs work
over 40 hours per week
As compared to women, men's attitudes toward sexuality are more
permissive
Which of the following consequences did college students report when asked about problems resulting from their binge drinking?
physical injuries absence from classes troubles with police unprotected sex
The stage of emerging adulthood tends to characterize a period of development in cultures that
postpone assumption of adult roles
It is recommended that adolescents and emerging adults receieve annual _____________ medical visits that include screening and guidance for health-related behaviors
preventive
According to the Joseph and Claudia Allen, which of the following is sound advice for parents who want to help their adolescent become more mature on their way to adulthood?
provide them with tasks that are beyond their current level of ability
Piaget said that the thinking of young adults, in the sense that they have more knowledge than adolescents, is more _________
quantitatively advanced
___________ is forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not or cannot give consent
rape
A number of colleges and universities describe the ________________ as a period of time early in the 1st year of college when women are at especially high risk for unwanted sexual experiences
red zone
According to one study, which of the following was linked to adequate daily fruit and vegetable consumption, healthy body mass index, not smoking, being less depressed, having a lower incidence of binge drinking, being less likely to have multiple sex partners, and getting adequate sleep?
regular engagement in physical activity
Which of the following has been positively linked to the grade point average of college students?
regularly eating breakfast
Which of the following characteristics is most influential in successfully navigating emerging adulthood?
resilience
Which of the following are important for reaching goals once they are set?
setting priorities being organized managing time
Diseases that are primarily spread through sexual contact are known as ___________________
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
The geographic area of greatest concern in terms of HIV/AIDS is
sub-Saharan Africa
Which of the following are common consequence of rape for victims?
suicidal thoughts depression substance abuse PTSD
Self-efficacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
Mindset
the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves
Which of the following is a trend in work in the USA?
the disappearing long-term career
In dual-career couples, which of the following is responsible for perpetuating gender divisions in how much time each partner spends in paid work, homemaking, and caring for children?
the fact that women still do not earn as much as men in the same jobs
Which of the following are true of the job outlook according to the 2020-2021 Occupational Outlook Handbook?
the highest-paying occupations require a college degree certain jobs in the medical field were expected to grow the most rapidly
Which of the following best explains why scientists believe that obesity is affected by environmental factors?
the human genome has not changed in the last century, but the obesity rate has doubled
What factors have to be considered in discussing creativity and the peak age it occurs?
the lifetime output magnitude of decline in productivity contrasts in creative fields
Recovery after a rape depends on which of the following characteristics of the victim?
their coping abilities their psychological adjustment before the rape their social support
Researchers have found that male rapists tend to share which of the following characteristics?
they are angry at women in general they wish to hurt and humiliate victims aggression enhances their sense of masculinity
In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults?
they have a higher mortality rate they have more chronic health problems they are more likely to be obesse
Which of the following is true about the achievement of developmental milestones like finishing college, obtaining a full-time job, and establishing a household among today's emerging and young adults?
they take much longer to reach these developmental milestones
Research has shown that men are more likely than women to do which of the following?
think about sex daily masturbate watch pornography
Annually, cigarette smoking accounts for 1 in 5 deaths in the US
true
From 2017 to 2018, marijuana use by 19- to 22-year-old college students doubled
true
Physical activity has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression
true
The five characteristics of emerging adulthood (identity exploration, self-focus, feeling in-between, instability, and possibilities/optimism) are more likely to be endorsed by 18- to 25-year-olds than by older individuals.
true
A national study of sexual behavior in the USA among adults 25 to 44 years of age found that 98% of women and 97% of men said they had engaged in ____________ sex
vaginal
The well-designed 1994 Sex in America survey of American adults' sexual patterns contrasted from previous studies of sexual behavior in the United States because its sample
was randomly selected
Rape is more likely to occur in which of the following instances?
with alcohol use
______ are more likely than ______ to change their sexual patterns and desires
women men
Which of the following statements is true regarding the sociocultural factors involved in obesity?
women with low incomes are six times more likely to be obese than women with high incomes
Which of the following statements about work are accurate?
work defines people in fundamental ways most individuals spend about 1/3 of their time at work
The ____________ movement seeks to draw attention to the prevalence of sexual assault and harassment of women, especially in the workplace
#MeToo
Which of the following social movements is a direct result of the prevalence of sexual assault and harassment?
#MeToo
College students who binge drink are ______ times more likely to drive drunk than students who do not indulge in binge drinking.
10
Extreme binge drinking refers to consuming ____________ or more drinks in a row in the last 2 weeks
10
Increasingly, the age range for emerging adulthood has been expanded to ________ years of age
18 to 29
The Occupational Outlook Handbooks published by the US Department of Labor is revised every
2 years
According to interviews with 12- to 22- year olds, about ___________% had a clear vision of where they wanted to go in life, what they wanted to achieve and the purpose of these aspirations
20
What % of college students reported that they abstain from drinking alcohol?
20%
Although people can display creativity at many different ages, some research has shown the peak of creativity in abstract math and theoretical physics is in a person's
20s and 30s
Today, ______ million Americans still smoke cigarettes.
34
About _________% of US adults report that they are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transexual
4
In 2016, about what % of US adults were classified as obese?
40%
What % of individuals who suffer from alcoholism are believed to have a genetic predisposition for it?
50-60%
At the beginning of emerging adulthood, surveys indicate that slightly more than ___________% of individuals have experienced sexual intercourse
60
The National Sleep Foundation suggests that 18- to 25-year-olds should get ______________ hours of sleep a night
7 to 9
What percentage of chronic pulmonary disease deaths have been linked to smoking?
82%
Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases are caused by viruses?
AIDS genital herpes genital warts
