chapter 13 nutrition
Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______.
30
Select the most logical approaches to weight loss.
Eat less. Change problematic eating behaviors. Increase physical activity.
How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
RMR is higher
All of the following are examples of energy output EXCEPT:
calories consumed in a large meal
Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation.
healthy sleep mindful eating practices physical activity
The following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______.
height weight age
If fat is deposited in the ______ area, it poses a greater risk for chronic disease.
abdominal
The psychological desire to eat
appetite
Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include:
body frame metabolic rate hormone production
The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______.
energy output
The factors that encourage excess body fat stores and obesity include ______.
menopause positive energy balance low basal metabolic rate composition of the diet
Feeling of fullness after consuming food
satiety
The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called
under water weighing
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.
24
Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese.
50%
Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.
decreased; increased
methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools
direct
Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation?
energy input=energy output
A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a
fad diet
An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food
hunger
The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______.
hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)
Identify the health problems associated with excess weight.
hypertension CVD type 2 diabetes
Increasing your physical activity will _____ how many calories you burn.
increase
The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017.
increased
Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells?
insulin
a person taking _________inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat-soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%.
lipase
Choose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss.
lipase inhibitor
The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called
mindfullness
Children are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant.
more
______ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water; whereas, ______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.
overweight; obesity
Choose roles of insulin in energy balance.
promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake inhibits lipolysis in fat cells promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver
The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______.
type 2 diabetes arthritis coronary artery disease
People with hypothyroidism may experience ______.
weight gain fatigue reduced metabolic rate
Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.
weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses
What mechanisms make energy balance complex?
adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person metabolic rates differ hormone levels influence weight loss
Apple-shaped (central-body fat distribution) obesity is associated with ______.
increased risk for serious, chronic diseases men with an "apple" body shape
Choose the weight-loss practices that will help a person achieve a weight-loss.
reduce calorie intake by 500 to 750 kcal/day assessing hormone levels that are known to affect body weight reduce intake of ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugars
When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______.
generally inexpensive and involves minimal equipment
Fad diets ______.
rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness limit food selections to a few food groups offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem
medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity.
bariatric
A positive energy balance, physical inactivity, and a low BMR all contribute to ______.
increased fat storage and obesity
A person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shaped.
apple; pear
Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights.
greater
Choose the true statements about mindfulness.
may reduce emotional eating involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss
Choose the serious health problems that are associated with obesity.
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease vascular disease metabolic syndrome
Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation.
sleep deprivation high stress hormonal imbalance
Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism.
testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue