Chapter 13 Practice Quiz

Liberation theology has become popular in _____.

Latin America

According to Functionalists, what is NOT a social function of religion? a. Liberate the poor b. Cultivate social change c. Mate selection d. Psychic rewards

Liberate the poor

What is NOT a latent function of religion according to functionalists? a. Mate selection b. Experience in public speaking c. Psychic rewards d. Maintaining the status quo

Maintaining the status quo

What is the definition of totemism?

The worship of animals, plants, or other natural objects

Of the following, what is NOT considered significant in Christianity? a. Belief in multiple gods b. Usually believe in a Holy Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit c. Sacraments, such as the Eucharist d. Prayer and preaching

Belief in multiple gods

The religion that diverged from Judaism is _____.

Christianity

What is the religion with the greatest number of adherents worldwide?

Christianity

How is the electronic church best defined?

Church attendance through television

What is a reason that secularization is self-limiting?

Cults flourish where conventional churches are weak.

Which of the following is a reason why teaching Darwinism in public schools has been criticized by some religious groups? a. Darwinism goes against literalist religious beliefs in divine creation. b. Creationism is a science, and it should be taught in schools. c. Darwinism is not religion. d. Darwinism has nothing to do with science.

Darwinism goes against literalist religious beliefs in divine creation.

What is ecumenism?

Denominations are uniting to work for common interests.

The belief that there will be a dramatic transformation of life on earth and that Christ will rule the world for a thousand years of prosperity and happiness is called _____.

millennialism

A _____ is an ecclesia.

state religion

In the United States, new religious movements reflect which social need? a. Unorthodoxy, reflecting an amoral society b. Impersonality, emphasizing the institutional church c. Egalitarianism, reflecting a democratic society d. Diversity, reflecting a complex society

Diversity, reflecting a complex society

An example of a cult is _____.

Early Seventh Day Adventism

Jewish law does NOT regulate which of the following areas? a. Economic practices b. Personal ethics and manners c. Social responsibilities to the community d. Family relationships

Economic practices

Which of the following is one way a cult differs from a sect? a. It is often in conflict with society. b. It draws members from the lower classes. c. It calls for a totally new lifestyle. d. It lacks leadership.

It calls for a totally new lifestyle.

The following is a true statement about people's belief in supernatural powers. a. It has no relation to the social structure. b. It remains constant over time and in different places. c. It used to be common, but it is now a rare phenomenon. d. It is held by many who are not church members.

It is held by many who are not church members.

What is true about American religion? a. It is very conservative. b. It is mostly Roman Catholic. c. It is mostly fundamentalist d. It is very diversified.

It is very diversified.

All EXCEPT which of the following are true about Hinduism? a. It originated with Siddhartha Gautama. b. It is polytheistic. c. Hindus practice dharma to uphold the social order. d. Most Hindus reside in India.

It originated with Siddhartha Gautama.

The religion with the most adherents in the United States is Hinduism. T/F

false

Which of the following is Durkheim's definition of sacred? a. Anything that is set apart and treated with reverence and awed b. Anything that is not part of this world c. Anything that is mundane and non-spiritual d. Anything occurring in nature

Anything that is set apart and treated with reverence and awed

An indication of the American social secularization is that fewer people are doing which of the following? a. Joining evangelical denominations b. Being concerned with the supernatural c. Being concerned with religious organizations d. Objecting to state interference with religious belief

Being concerned with religious organizations

What is NOT one of the elements Durkheim felt were common to all religions? a. Objects or ideas that are treated with reverence b. A system of beliefs and practices c. A community or church of believers d. A hierarchy of social classes

A hierarchy of social classes

What is Durkheim's definition of profane?

Anything that is part of the everyday world, such as food or clothing

_____ is NOT a basis for distinguishing American denominations.

Gender

Who was the founder of Islam?

Muhammed

What do we call the belief that spiritual or divine truths come from intuition and meditation?

Mysticism

Which of the following religions is shamanistic? a. Bushman of Africa b. Hinduism c. Judaism d. Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest

Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest

Which of the following is a sect of Christianity in which speaking in tongues is highly regarded? a. Creationism b. Pentecostalism c. Millennialism d. Fundamentalism

Pentecostalism

_____ is the belief in and worship of more than one god.

Polytheism

Which of the following did Confucius NOT teach? a. The superior person stands in awe of three things: the ordinances of heaven, great persons, and the words of sages. b. All people are brothers. c. Sincerity and reciprocity should be one's guiding principles. d. Practicing the eightfold path can end suffering

Practicing the eightfold path can end suffering.

What differentiates prophets and priests?

Prophets are often critical of society and social institutions.

_____ is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things

Religion

Which of the following tends to vary by occupation, class, and income? a. Commitment to religious rituals b. Religious affiliation c. Religious attendance d. Participation in church activities

Religious affiliation

All of the following are true about American religiosity EXCEPT that there ____ in religiosity in the _____. a. has been a huge increase; 2010s. b. was a sharp rise; 1950s. c. was a decline; 1960s. d. was a slower decline; 1970s.

has been a huge increase; 2010s.

Which of the following is the purpose of a sect? a. Return to the old ways b. Maintain the status quo c. Liberate the poor d. Oppress the poor

Return to the old ways

Religious values exert little or no influence in modern societies T/F

false

All EXCEPT which of the following are part of Buddha's Four Noble Truths? a. Suffering can cease. b. Souls transmigrate or reincarnate after death. c. This life is suffering and pain. d. The source of suffering is desire and craving.

Souls transmigrate or reincarnate after death.

Which of the following does Weber argue in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism? a. Work ethic led to the emergence of both Protestantism and Catholicism. b. Work ethic led to the emergence of both Protestantism and capitalism. c. The Protestant emphasis on work helped develop the capitalist economic system. d. The capitalist emphasis on work led to the emergence of Protestantism.

The Protestant emphasis on work helped develop the capitalist economic system.

What is the Jewish holy book called?

The Torah

Which of the following is a key element of shamanism? a. The belief that certain people are able to communicate with spirits b. The worship of totem poles c. The worship of animals, plants, or other natural objects d. The belief that spirits inhabit rocks, trees, and animals

The belief that certain people are able to communicate with spirits, The belief that spirits inhabit rocks, trees, and animals

Which of the following best defines fundamentalism? a. The idea that a church can exert social control over its members b. The belief that the Bible is the divine word of God, and that all statements in it are to be taken literally, word for word c. Well-established and highly institutionalized churches d. The idea that certain people can communicate with spirits

The belief that the Bible is the divine word of God, and that all statements in it are to be taken literally, word for word

The Church of the Latter Day Saints, most often called the Mormon Church, began as an ecclesia. T/F

false

What is true about religious systems? a. They are closely linked to the family, but not to other systems. b. They are closely linked to economic institutions, but not to other social systems. c. They are closely linked to the family, the economy, politics, and education. d. They are only remotely related to social life.

They are closely linked to the family, the economy, politics, and education.

What do all of the following have in common: opposition to war, restriction on alcohol, and disciplining children? a. They're frequently motivated by the separation of church and state. b. They're frequently divorced from religious issues. c. They're frequently tied to religious principles. d. They're frequently tied to secular values.

They're frequently tied to religious principles.

Durkheim identified which of the following as the primary function of religion? a. To provide answer to ultimate questions about hardship and evil b. To encourage social change c. To provide social control in society d. To preserve and solidify society

To preserve and solidify society

When is religion is more likely to develop?

When groups develop feelings of awe

What is NOT an example of how religion varies by class on social controversies? a. Whether the poor should be taken care of b. Whether women should be a member of the clergy c. Whether creationism should be taught in school d. Whether homosexuality is a sin or not

Whether the poor should be taken care of

Directly applying _____ to _____ is a form of Christianity called liberation theology.

church policy and intervention; the social class conflicts

According to _____ theorists, religion serves as a tool of the ruling class.

conflict

Religious diversity increases as societies grow more ____ according to Durkheim.

diversified

A group does not require either an organization nor sacred objects and rituals to be identified as a religion. T/F

false

A group experience is not needed to have a religion develop T/F

false

According to exchange theory, religion can persuade people to accept inequities and social injustice. T/F

false

All people who believe in supernatural powers are also church members. T/F

false

Durkheim defined the profane as anything in religion seen as sinful. T/F

false

Durkheim defined the sacred as anything that is not part of this world. T/F

false

Durkheim identified both religion and economics as human practices not related to social life. T/F

false

In monotheism, multiple gods are worshiped. T/F

false

Mysticism is the belief that spiritual or divine truths come from living a godly life. T/F

false

One function of religion is to evangelize people to your religious position. T/F

false

Pentecostal religious services are highly organized and controlled T/F

false

A theme that runs through American religion is millennialism. T/F

true

Cults follow a charismatic leader. T/F

true

Ecumenism is when denominations work together for a common interest. T/F

true

In polytheism, multiple gods are worshiped. T/F

true

Individuals who worship animals, plants, or other natural objects participate in a religious form called totemism. T/F

true

Most shamans are men. T/F

true

Organization in social groups is one of the characteristics of a religion. T/F

true

Priests owe their authority to their office, but prophets' authority comes from their charisma. T/F

true

Sacred objects are only recognized as sacred within their own society, not universally. T/F

true

When churches are weak, cults flourish. T/F

true