Chapter 13: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

What is the relative risk for women and men who smoke for developing lung cancer?

30

How much greater is the risk of cardiovascular disease for smokers compared to nonsmokers?

Two to four times greater

Which vessels carry blood to the heart?

Veins

In which procedure used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a balloon catheter threaded through blocked arteries to open them?

Angioplasty

The techniques available for diagnosing CVD range from electrocardiograms (ECGs), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiograms to positron emission tomography (PET) scans and ultrafast computed tomography (CT) scans. Techniques for treating CVD include numerous surgical and medical options. Suppose Corinna undergoes a surgical procedure in which a catheter is inserted into her blocked artery and a balloon is inflated to flatten the plaque in the walls of the artery. What is the name of this procedure?

Angioplasty

Choose the correct statement below about cancer.

Approximately one of every two men in America will develop cancer.

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Which condition is characterized by plaque deposits on the inner linings of arteries?

Atherosclerosis

Lymphomas, leukemias, carcinomas, and sarcomas are types of

Cancers

Minute blood vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products among body cells are known as the

Capillaries

What is the leading cause of death of men and women in the United States?

Cardiovascular disease

The form of cardiovascular disease that is responsible for the most deaths each year is

Coronary heart disease

Lifestyle choices can greatly affect a person's risk for CVD. Which of the following are positive steps that a person can take to reduce his or her risk for CVD?

Exercising regularly Quitting tobacco use Maintaining a healthy weight Eating more food low in saturated fat and trans fats

Sustained high blood pressure is known as

Hypertension

The four main categories of cancers are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. These categories are based on the type of tissue in which the cancer is found. If Caitlynn has cancer in her bone marrow and experiences an abnormal increase in her number of white blood cells, then into which of the four categories does her cancer fall?

Leukemia

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is

Malignant melanoma

How many American adults have a higher-than-optimal blood pressure?

More than one in three

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing more than 17 million people each year. Which of the following are examples of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors?

Not Smoking Following a healthy diet pattern Getting the recommended amount of physical activity

Potentially cancer-inducing genes are known as

Oncogenes

What percentage of cancer deaths are caused by lifestyle factors?

One-third

Different screening procedures are recommended depending on the age and sex of the individual being tested. Which of the following is the recommended screening method for prostate cancer? Different screening procedures are recommended depending on the age and sex of the individual being tested. Which of the following is the recommended screening method for prostate cancer?

PSA

When atherosclerosis occurs in the extremities, it is known as

Peripheral artery disease

Cardiovascular disease comes in many forms, which include hypertension, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, angina pectoris, and arrhythmias. Which of following can occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted?

Stroke

When the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and causes brain damage, this is a(n)

Stroke

The risk factors for cancer can be broadly classified as acquired (or environmental, which may be modifiable) and hereditary (or genetic, which are not modifiable). Which of the following are examples of lifestyle risks for cancer?

Tobacco use Alcohol use

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries. This network of organs and vessels uses blood to carry oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide) to and from all parts of the body. Which of the following vessels in the cardiovascular system exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with body cells?

capillaries