Chapter 13 Review

Why must exposure to ultraviolet light be monitored carefully?

Because it can cause problems with the skin.

List the other types of electrical equipment that cosmetologists use and describe how to use them.

Conventional hood hair dryers, Ionic hair dryers, electric curling and flat irons, heating caps, haircolor processing machines, steamer and vaporizers and light therapy equipment.

Describe the two types of electric current and give examples of each.

Direct current is the constant flow if current in one direction only like in a flashlight or mobile phone. Alternating current is the flow of current in one direction and the opposite direction like in a curling iron or table lamp.

List at least five steps to take for electrical safety.

Do not attempt to clean around elecric outlets while equipment is plugged in. Do not touch metal objects at the same time if either is connected to an electric current. Avoid contact with water. Read all instructions. Inspect all electrical equipment regularly.

Define electric current.

Electric current is the flow of electricity along a conductor.

Define the terms electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, and invisible light.

Electromagnetic spectrum is the name given to all forms of energy that exist. Visible light is light that can be seen and invisible light that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

List and describe the three main electric modalities used in cosmetology.

Galvanic current, micro-current, and Tesla high-frequency current. Galvanic current is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues of the body. Micro-current is mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses. Tesla high-frequency current is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.

List and describe the three main types of light therapy.

Lasers, a medical device that is used for hair removal and skin treatments. LED is used to reduce acne, increase circulation and improve collagen. Intense pulse light is used to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores and excessive hair.

What do the acronyms laser and LED represent?

Light emitting diode

Define ohm.

Ohm is the unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

Explain the difference between a conductor and a nonconductor.

The difference between a conductor and a nonconductor is the ability of the material to transmit electricity.

What is the purpose of grounding.

To complete an electric circuit and to carry te current safely away.

Explain the function of a fuse.

To prevent excessive current from passing through a circuit, it blows out or melts when the wire becomes too hot from overloading.

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker.

To prevent overload.

Explain the difference between a volt and an amp.

Volts measure pressure while amps measure the strength of electric currents.

Define watt and kilowatt.

Watts measure how much electric energy is being used in one second a kilowatt is 1,000 watts.