Chapter 13 Review (Sociology test #3)

Fertility decline, mortality rate decline, a change in the migration rate

3 reasons why the population is aging

Geriatrics

A medical specialty focusing on the elderly

Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt

America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except:

Filial piety

Deference and respect to one's parents and ancestors in all things

Hospice

Health care that treats terminally ill people by providing comfort during the dying process

8 million more

How many more older Americans are there than teenagers today?

Live a little longer

In most countries, elderly women __________ than elderly men.

Social security and Medicare

One of every two tax dollars is spent on what two programs?

Centenarians

People 100 years old or older

Commit suicide

Veterans are two to four times more likely to ____________ as people who did not serve in the military.

Age is based on cultural attitudes that are rooted in a society

What does it mean when sociologist say that age is "socially constructed"?

13%

What percent of the population of the US is 65+ today?

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Who wrote the book on Death and dying, outlining the five stages of grief?

Gerontology

A field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older

Cohort

A group of people who share a statistical or demographic trait

Grief

A psychological, emotional, and social response to the feelings of loss that accompanies death or a similar event

Secondary aging

Aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet

Baby boomers

Americans born between approximately 1946 and 1964

Disengagement

An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the __________ theory.

Activity

An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YMCA to swim everyday. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the _____________ theory.

Ageism

Discrimination based on age

Acceptance

Francis has recently been told that he has a terminal disease and can expect to live for only a short time. He has made a will, paid all his bills, and given instructions to his children. According to Kubler-Ross, Francis is in the stage of?

Caregivers

If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by __________.

Overcoming despair to achieve integrity

In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?

Continued to gradually rise

In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have ____________.

Death and dying

Thanatology is the study of _________.

The increasing percentage of the population over 65

The "graying of the United States" refers to _________.

Age stratification

The age discrimination in employment act counteracts which theory?

senescence

The aging process, including biological, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual changes

Biology, personal history, gender age, chronological age, and being functional

The five factors that society may classify someone as old

Gerotranscendence

The idea that as people age, they transcend limited views of life they held in earlier times

Sex ratio

The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ________.

Dependency ratio

The number of productive working citizens to non-productive (young, disabled, or elderly)

Life expectancy

The number of years a newborn is expected to live

Physician-assisted suicide

The voluntary use of lethal medication provided by a medical doctor to end one's life

Subculture of aging theory

Theory that focuses on the shared community created by the elderly when they are excluded (due to age), voluntarily or involuntarily, from participating in other groups

Age stratification theory

Theory which states that members of society are stratified by age, just as they are stratified by race, class and gender

Social gerontology

A specialized field of gerontology that examines the social (and sociological) aspects of aging

Gerontocracy

A type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society's oldest members

Selective optimization with compensation theory

Based on the idea that successful personal development throughout the life course and subsequent mastery of the challenges associated with everyday life are based on the components of selection, optimization, and compensation

Primary aging

Biological factors such as molecular and cellular changes

The typical sequence of events in their lives

For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is ___________.

Gender

In US society, men with graying hair and wrinkles are seen as mature, while women with the same features are seen as old. This is referred to as ___________ age.

120-122 years is the maximum length possible

Life span, what it is in years

Life course

The period from birth to death, including a sequence of predicable life events

Thanatology

The systematic study of death and dying

Social security

What government program set 65 as the retirement age?

Continuity theory

Theory which states that the elderly make specific choices to maintain consistency in internal (personality structure, beliefs) and external structures (relationships), remaining active and involved throughout their elder years

Activity theory

Theory which suggests that for individuals to enjoy old age and feel satisfied, they must maintain activities and find a replacement for statuses and associated roles they have left behind as they aged.

Modernization theory

Theory which suggests that the primary cause of the elderly losing power and influence in society are the parallel forces of industrialization and modernization

Exchange theory

Theory which suggests that we experience an increased dependence as we age and must increasingly submit to the will of others, because we have fewer way of compelling other to submit to us.

Disengagement theory

Theory which suggests that withdrawing from society and social relationships is a natural part of growing old.

Increasing

Today in the US the poverty rate of the elderly is __________.

37

What is the approximate median age of the United States?

65+

What is the fastest growing segment of the population?

Industrialization

What is the primary driver of the Modernization theory?

2/3

What percent of people who have reached 65 in the history of the world are alive today?

4%

What percent of the population of the US was 65+ in 1900?

Symbolic interactionism

What sociological perspective stresses that age has no inherent meaning and that each culture shapes the way that its citizens perceive the elderly?

47

What was the life expectancy in the years 1900-1906?

Probably 30 years shorter than it is now

What was the life expectancy when ACU began?

Elder abuse

When a caretaker intentionally deprives an older person of care or harms the person in their charge

Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over the age of 65

Which action reflects ageism?

Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles

Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective?

Being frail to the point of dependency on care

Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?

Functionalism

Which of the three major sociological theoretical perspectives is most closely aligned with the disengagement, activity, and continuity theories of aging?

The conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective is most closely aligned with the explanation that social security benefits came about as the result of a struggle between competing interest groups?