Chapter 13-tang and song

During the Song dynasty the interest of Confucian intellectuals in nature was most apparent in their production of Select one: a. landscape paintings. b. devotional objects. c. riddles. d. religious homilies. e. sculptures of ideal athletic figures.

A

How did the Song empire compare to the Tang? Select one: a. The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire. b. The Song empire and the Tang empire were virtually identical in territorial extent. c. The Song empire was greater in territorial extent than the Tang empire. d. Although approximately the same size, the Song empire extended farther north than the Tang. e. The Song was larger than the Tang and Han.

A

The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the Select one: a. Sui. b. Tang. c. Qing. d. Chou. e. Song.

A

The man responsible for the creation of the Sui dynasty was Select one: a. Wendi. b. Yang Guifei. c. Xuanzong. d. Li Yuan. e. Li Bo.

A

The outstanding poet of the Tang era was Select one: a. Li Bo. b. Zhao Kuangyin c. Gaozu. d. Bi Sheng. e. Zhu Xi.

A

Unlike his father, the second Sui emperor favored Select one: a. the Confucian scholar-gentry class. b. the great Chinese aristocratic families. c. the Buddhists. d. the Chinese peasants. e. nomadic elements in northern China

A

Wang Anshi, a prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform Song government on the basis of what Confucian school of thought? Select one: a. Legalism b. Zhao c. Daoism d. Shiism e. Constructionism

A

What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system? Select one: a. Rites b. Justice c. Public Works d. Education e. War

A

What was a primary difference between marriages, families, and households of the upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China? Select one: a. Extended family households were more common in upper-class households than in lower-class ones. b. Members of the elite often married before the age of puberty. c. In the upper classes, males frequently married females of a younger generation. d. Households of the lower classes tended not to be patriarchal. e. Upper-class men rarely married foot-bound women.

A

What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperor? Select one: a. The creation of granaries to relieve the threat of famine b. The reconstruction of the Confucian scholar-gentry c. Persecution of the Buddhists d. The destruction of the Great Wall e. The construction of the Grand Canal

A

Which of the following descriptions of Pure Land Buddhism is NOT accurate? Select one: a. It appealed to upper class Chinese. b. It offered a refuge from war and turmoil. c. It was founded by Chinese monks. d. It was a salvationist variant of Buddhism. e. It appealed to the Chinese commoners.

A

Which of the following was NOT a result of the agricultural policies of the Sui and Tang emperors? Select one: a. The scholar-gentry were removed as landlords. b. Fortunes of the old aristocratic families declined. c. Lands were distributed more equitably to the free peasant households of the empire. d. The yields of peasant farmers greatly increased. e. Numbers of free peasantry increased.

A

Which of the following was NOT a technological innovation of the Tang-Song era? Select one: a. Paper b. Complex bridges c. Abacus d. Gunpowder e. Coal used for fuel

A

Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty? Select one: a. Li Yuan b. Niu Su c. Zhao Kuangyin d. Yangdi e. Li Bo

A

Why was the construction of the Grand Canal necessary? Select one: a. The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food-producing region of China by the late Tang era. b. Peasants were moving from the countryside of southern China to the urban areas of the North. c. Major river systems in China ran from north to south, and the canal was necessary to connect the coastal regions with the western frontier. d. Chinese population was increasingly concentrated along the northern plains of the Yangtze River. e. The canal connected the Tang capitals Changan and Loyang with the newly acquired regions in the North.

A

What artisan was responsible for the development of movable type? Select one: a. Gaozu b. Li Bo c. An Lushan d. Zhu Xi e. Bi Sheng

B

What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire? Select one: a. Buddhism survived the brief imperial persecution and was restored as the primary religion of the state during the Song dynasty. b. Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang years. c. Buddhism was eradicated in China by the end of the Tang era and replaced by the traditional Daoist and Confucian beliefs. d. Despite official attempts to suppress Buddhism, monastic orders continued to exert political influence and control landed wealth as they did in the first decades of Tang rule. e. Buddhism became a sect of minor importance but with many followers among the scholar-gentry.

B

Which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589? Select one: a. Korea b. Chen c. Manchuria d. Tibet e. Liao

B

Which of the following intellectual schools was responsible for the production of most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era? Select one: a. Pure Land Buddhist b. Confucian c. Daoist d. Legalist e. Chan Buddhist

B

Which of the following statements about Chinese landscape painting is most accurate? Select one: a. As in the West, landscape painting was the special skill of the military elite. b. Members of the ruling political elite in China produced many of the paintings in the Song era. c. Paintings never conveyed moral messages or used symbolism. d. Landscape painting was virtually unknown until after the Mongol invasions. e. Song subsidies to foreign painters resulted in the production of magnificent landscapes.

B

Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in China during the Tang-Song era is most accurate? Select one: a. Cities were depopulated as people moved back into the countryside due to the collapse of the Chinese economy. b. Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with a higher proportion of the population living in cities. c. Chinese urbanization was more pronounced in northern China, but lagged in southern China. d. The degree of urbanization reached during the Han dynasty was never achieved during the Tang-Song era, although some recovery of cities accompanied the commercial revival. e. The imperial capitals were enormous, but there were few other Chinese cities of size.

B

Who was the founder of the Song dynasty? Select one: a. Xuanzong b. Zhao Kuangyin c. Taizu d. Li Bo, Duke of Song e. Xi-Xia

B

Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism? Select one: a. Xuanzong b. Legalist c. Chan d. Pure Land e. Daoist

C

What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty? Select one: a. Nomadic invasions b. Famines, which led to a depletion of economic resources c. Unsuccessful military campaigns d. Widespread Buddhist rebellion e. The dissatisfaction of the Confucian scholar-gentry class

C

What made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang? Select one: a. The brevity of the period of political dislocation b. The willingness of the Tang to abandon traditional approaches to government c. The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucracy using Confucian ideology d. Massive grain imports from southern China led to a population increase. e. The abandonment of Confucianism in favor of the more widely practiced Buddhism

C

What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperor? Select one: a. Persecution of the Buddhists b. The destruction of the Great Wall c. The creation of granaries to relieve the threat of famine d. The reconstruction of the Confucian scholar-gentry e. The construction of the Grand Canal

C

Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era is most accurate? Select one: a. The condition of women in general improved during the Tang-Song era. b. The spread of Buddhism provided women with greater opportunities and career alternatives within the monastic movement. c. The assertion of male dominance within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers. d. Women had more rights than ever before due to the influence of the Legalists. e. Tang-Song law recognized no women's rights.

C

Which of the following was NOT an eventual impact of the development of neo-Confucian schools of thought? Select one: a. The stifling of innovation and critical thinking in favor of traditionalism b. Historical experiences were held to be the most practical guide to life. c. Destruction of the mandarins d. Reinforcement of class, age, and gender distinctions e. Hostility to foreign philosophical systems like Buddhism

C

Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era? Select one: a. Zhao b. Hangzhou c. Zhu Xi d. Yang Guifei e. Li Bo

C

In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin? Select one: a. 910s b. 790s c. 720s d. 840s e. 850s

D

In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era? Select one: a. Foot-binding, although considered socially attractive, was condemned by neo-Confucians. b. Upper-class women considered it high status and hoarded money to pay for it. c. Because foot-binding could only be afforded by the elite, poorer women were assigned to a lower social status. d. Foot-binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household. e. As foot-binding was required in order to practice certain professions, Chinese women found that occupational alternatives were diminishe

D

The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty? Select one: a. Hangzhou b. Jin c. Jurchen d. Liao e. Silla

D

What Tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion? Select one: a. Gaozu b. Yangdi c. Empress Wei d. Empress Wu e. Wendi

D

What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China? Select one: a. Extensive flooding in the Yellow River basin b. The Huang-chao rebellion c. Attempted takeover by the Khitans d. The invasions of the Jurchens who had formed the Qin kingdom e. A rebellion led by a nomadic general, An Lushan

D

What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry? Select one: a. The scholar-gentry class began to evolve into a new merchant and trade class due to the intervention of the emperors. b. The Tang feared the development of the scholar-gentry and continued to support the nomadic aristocracy of China. c. The Tang continued to support and patronize the growth of Buddhism in China at the expense of the Confucian scholar-gentry. d. The Tang supported the rebirth of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy. e. Confucianism continued to wane during the Tang dynasty and was only resuscitated under the Song.

D

What was the capital of the southern Song dynasty? Select one: a. Loyan b. Huining c. Changan d. Hangzhou e. Beijing

D

What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists? Select one: a. Confucianism, like Buddhism, declined in popularity, and its place was taken by Daoism. b. Because Confucian scholar-gentry were associated with the persecution, Confucianism failed to generate much popular support outside the imperial government. c. Confucianism emerged in a strengthened condition, but still remained behind Buddhism in the sense of providing a basis for the intellectual rationale of Chinese civilization. d. Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the 20th century. e. Confucianism and Daoism blended with Buddhism to form a new philosophy.

D

Which of the following statements concerning entry into the Chinese bureaucracy is most accurate? Select one: a. Although the examination system continued to be monitored, almost all official received positions as a result of family connections. b. The higher levels of the Chinese bureaucracy were dominated by many bright commoners. c. Under the Tang family connections ceased to be of significance, as all candidates received office based on their score in the examination system. d. Birth and family connections continued to be important in securing high office. e. The examination system was eliminated during the Tang dynasty, and only members of the imperial family served in the bureaucracy.

D

Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate? Select one: a. The Tang extended the empire in all directions except westward, where the Turks remained entirely independent of the Chinese emperor. b. The Tang empire stopped expanding and was divided into three parts when a civil war broke out. c. The Tang empire incorporated India and southeast Asia as well as the areas north of the Yellow River plain. d. The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China. e. The Tang empire was unable to recover the territorial extent of the Han, but did recover northern areas from the nomads.

D

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty? Select one: a. The Confucian scholar-gentry continued to exist, but the examination system weakened noticeably causing the imperial bureaucracy to depend more and more on the aristocracy. b. The scholar-gentry attempted to revive warlordism, which led to the fall of the Song. c. The Song continued to rely on the Confucian scholar-gentry, but more rigorous examination systems resulted in fewer men entering the civil service as a result of education. d. The domination of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era. e. The Song emperors came to rely increasingly on the military as defense of the borders placed less emphasis on the role of intellectual ideology and more on warfare.

D

Which of the following was NOT a problem during the last years of the Tang dynasty? Select one: a. The entry of nomads into large areas of the northern China plain b. The Huang-chao rebellion c. Independent rulers collected their own taxes d. A Buddhist rebellion in southern China e. The revolt of An Lushan

D

Which of the following was NOT an economic development during the period of commercial expansion during the Tang and Song dynasties? Select one: a. Growing sophistication in commercial organization and forms of credit b. Trade increasingly carried by Chinese ships and sailors c. Overland silk routes between China and Persia were reopened d. Military domination of the seas e. Enlarged market quarters found in all cities and major towns

D

The title of jinshi was reserved for those who Select one: a. were members of the imperial family. b. were members of the Chinese aristocracy. c. traced their ancestry back to the Han. d. served in the Chinese military. e. passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature.

E

What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279? Select one: a. Liao b. XiXia c. Tanguts d. Jurchens e. Mongols

E

What made the reunification of China under the first Sui emperor possible? Select one: a. The support of the Confucian scholar-gentry b. The support of the Buddhist monasteries c. The threat of barbarian invasion d. The support of the ethnic Chinese aristocracy e. The support of the nomadic warrior elite

E

What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty? Select one: a. The challenge from Daoism and other polytheistic religions, which were appealing to Chinese merchants b. The aristocracy's concern that the growing Buddhist monastic establishment was monopolizing land that otherwise would belong to them c. The Buddhists' insistence on rebellion against the emperor d. The entry of nomadic invaders who were Islamic during the ninth century e. The Confucians' successful campaign to convince the emperor that the Buddhist monastic establishment represented an economic threat

E

Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power? Select one: a. Gaozu b. Yang Guifei c. Wei d. Wu e. Xuanzong

E

Which of the following descriptions of Pure Land Buddhism is NOT accurate? Select one: a. It appealed to the Chinese commoners. b. It offered a refuge from war and turmoil. c. It was founded by Chinese monks. d. It was a salvationist variant of Buddhism. e. It appealed to upper class Chinese.

E

Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate? Select one: a. The Tang extended the empire in all directions except westward, where the Turks remained entirely independent of the Chinese emperor. b. The Tang empire stopped expanding and was divided into three parts when a civil war broke out. c. The Tang empire incorporated India and southeast Asia as well as the areas north of the Yellow River plain. d. The Tang empire was unable to recover the territorial extent of the Han, but did recover northern areas from the nomads. e. The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China.

E

Which of the following was NOT a technological innovation of the Tang-Song era? Select one: a. Abacus b. Gunpowder c. Complex bridges d. Coal used for fuel e. Paper

E

Which of the following was NOT one of the reforms introduced by Wang Anshi in the face of conservative opposition? Select one: a. The introduction of government-assisted irrigation projects to encourage agricultural expansion b. Taxation of the landlord and scholarly classes c. Reorganization of university education. d. The establishment of well-trained mercenary forces e. The end of tribute payments to nomadic dynasties on the northern border

E