Chapter 13 - The Nervous System

The resting membrane potential is measured at ____.

-70 mV

The progressive destruction of neurons plus the abnormal buildup of amyloid protein indicates which disorder?

Alzheimer's disease

Which type of graded potential moves the cell closer to having an action potential?

EPSP

Glial cells perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.​

produce action potentials

A human's creative aptitude is governed mainly by the ________ .

right hemisphere of the cerebrum

Which neurotransmitter elevates mood and has a role in memory?

serotonin

The differences in concentration of which pair of ions produces the resting membrane potential?​

sodium and potassium

In a resting neuron, which ion is slowly leaking into the cell?​

sodium only

Which division of the nervous system contains motor neurons that serve smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?​

sympathetic

Which part of the cerebrum is responsible for complex learning, intellect, and personality?

the prefrontal cortex

What maintains the resting membrane potential?​

​Na+-K+ pumps

A myelin sheath functions to ____.​

​increase electrical propagation speeds

During the second half of an action potential, ____.​

​potassium ions are leaving the cell

The all-or-nothing rule of action potential production is a function of ____.​

​threshold potential

Neurotransmitters can _________ or _________ a receiving cell

Excite; inhibit

Which neurotransmitter functions to inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters?​

GABA​

________ is an autoimmune disease that may be triggered by a viral infection and involves progressive destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system.

Multiple Sclerosis

Which one is NOT one of the three regions of the brain?

Proximal brain

A person dreams during ________ .

REM sleep

Which of the following is NOT part of the CNS?​

Schwann cells

Which statement concerning a resting neuron is true?​

The cytoplasm side of the membrane is slightly negative compared to the outside.

Which neurotransmitter functions to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?​

acetylcholine

Declarative memory is mediated by the ________ .

amygdala

Neurotransmitter molecules must be removed from the synapse after being used. An example of a medication that prevents this is an ________ .

antidepressant preventing serotonin re-uptake

The neural pathway that underlies a spinal reflex is known as a reflex ____.​

arc

Which division of the nervous system is divided into two opposing systems that control smooth muscles and glands?​

autonomic

Action potentials propagate ____.​

away from the initiation site

The "trigger zone" of a neuron is found at the ____.​

axon hillock

During an action potential, the membrane potential ____.​

becomes more positive as sodium enters the cell

Which ion is required for proper neurotransmitter release?​

calcium

A drug that blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin ____.​

can be used to elevate mood

Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by compression of ____.​

cranial nerve V

Which is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

decreases heart rate

The ________ is a short, branching extension of a neuron that receives incoming signals.

dendrite

The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons is the ____.​

dendrite

During an action potential, sodium ions move into the cell through ____.​

gated channels

Autonomic nerves serve ________ .

glands

Over 90 percent of all cells in the nervous system are ____.

glial cells

Postganglionic autonomic neurons ____.​

interact with smooth muscle and glands

The neurons that are located in the brain and spinal cord are ____.​

interneurons

A neuron can only "fire" a second time when _____.

ion pumps restore its membrane to its resting potential

A reflex neuron is different from other nerves in that ________

its action doesn't involve the brain

The brain stem comprises the ________ .

midbrain, pons, and medulla

Which component of the muscle stretch reflex initiates the reflex?​

muscle spindle

In a resting neuron, which ion is leaking out of the cell?​

potassium only

Action potentials stimulate neurons to release

neurotransmitters

During action potential conduction along a myelinated axon, the action potential appears to jump from ____.​

node to node

An action potential in a neuron occurs ________ .

only when a certain threshold of voltage is reached