Chapter 13

Which of the following is true about the Stanford Prison Experiment as per Zimbardo's account? Multiple choice question. The prisoners became docile and lost their sense of self. The experiment continued for two weeks even though it was planned for just six days. The guards behaved politely toward the prisoners. Many of the prisoners left the experiment halfway because of boredom.

The prisoners became docile and lost their sense of self.

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than __________ factors.

external

Mandy is driving rapidly, weaving through cars, and, while at a stoplight, honks at a car that was slow to move when the light turned green. "What a rude person," thinks the driver of the other car. However, Mandy is rushing to get to hospital to see her ill father. The driver of the other car has committed the Multiple choice question. false attribution tendency. false consensus effect. fundamental attribution error. primacy effect.

fundamental attribution error.

Sarah sees a customer at the grocery store shout at a cashier. "That customer is a jerk," thinks Sarah, but she doesn't know that the cashier has just been caught trying to steal the customer's credit card. Sarah has just committed the Multiple choice question. false consensus effect. false attribution tendency. fundamental attribution error. primacy effect.

fundamental attribution error.

Cognitive dissonance is the conflict that occurs when a person _____. Multiple choice question. falls prey to the bystander effect shows too little altruism holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts behaves in a prejudiced manner

holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts

Social cognition is an area of social psychology that studies Multiple choice question. how people change due to social influences. how people behave in social situations. how people think in social situations.

how people think in social situations.

______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.

obedience

_______ love is another name for romantic love.

passionante

People who experience _____________ threat experience anxiety due to negative expectations about themselves as members of a group, and will consequently underperform.

stereotype

Emma is taking a math exam, and on the first page, along with her name, Emma has to check a box indicating that she is female. If Emma does more poorly on the test because she had to mark her gender before doing the test, this may be evidence of _______ _________

stereotype threat

Evelyn is a hard worker and has a good job and a modest, but nice house. However, Evelyn checks her social media accounts regularly, and follows several celebrities. When she sees them getting facials with real gold and buying expensive cars and houses, she thinks about her own belongings and feels inadequate. This illustrates Multiple choice question. self-serving bias. class-based bias. upward social comparison. downward social comparison.

upward social comparison

Which of the following statements is false? Multiple choice question. Ethnocentrism often leads to prejudice. Ethnocentrism involves asserting superiority over other groups. Ethnocentrism encourages in-group/out-group thinking. c

Ethnocentrism is synonymous with ethnic pride.

________ social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.

Normative

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion includes the ______ route and the ______ route. Multiple choice question. central; peripheral central; diverse peripheral; lateral peripheral; diverse

central; peripheral

What type of love is the strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved? Multiple choice question. Passionate Selfless Romantic Companionate

companionate

Social ______ is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people. Multiple choice question. comparison objectification aggression definition

comparison

A(n) ______ is purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in.

confederate

In Solomon Asch's experiment in which participants sat in a group and evaluated drawings that they were shown, the researcher was examining the power of _____

conformity

A negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because they are a member of that group is called Multiple choice question. discrimination. ethnocentrism. prejudice. bias.

discrimination

______ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.

prejudice

____ refers to the motivation to reject attempts to control us.

reactance

The two main types of love are ______ and affectionate. Multiple choice question. sympatric compassionate friendships romantic

romantic

Christine just received a raise at her job, and thought, "I earned this raise because I'm an awesome worker." Last year, when she didn't receive a raise, she thought, "I didn't get a raise because my boss is a jerk." This is an example of a _______ _______ _______

self-serving bias

If you do well on your psychology exam, you think, "Of course I did well. It's because I'm smart." However, if you do poorly on your exam, you blame it on the professor's inability to create a fair exam. This illustrates the Multiple choice question. overconfidence error. attribution bias. self-serving bias. student rationale bias.

self-serving bias

The concept of consensual validation explains why people tend to be attracted to others due to Multiple choice question. physical attractiveness. proximity. mere exposure. similarity.

similarity

_________ is the way people define themselves in relation to group membership.

social identity

According to research, which of the following produces the greatest risk of death? Multiple choice question. Cigarette smoking Social isolation Bone marrow transplants

social isolation

William is an older adult who is very sensitive to the idea that older adults have "bad memories." In a research study, he was asked to indicate his age before he did a math test. If William does poorly on the test because marking his age activated all of his negative ideas about older adults and memory, William may be falling prey to Multiple choice question. the above average effect. positive illusions. the self-serving bias. stereotype threat.

stereotype threat.

Pam's new friend is a librarian so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. Pam's thinking on this describes Multiple choice question. prejudice. class bias. stereotyping. racism.

sterotyping

Self-serving bias is the tendency to Multiple choice question. imitate behavior that involves the spread of actions, emotions, or ideas. find what we expect to find. take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures.

take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures.

Which of the following statements describes conformity? Multiple choice question. The major traits considered in forming impressions of others A change in behavior brought about in order to follow the standards of others The process of the actions of an individual or group affecting the behavior of others A set of cognitions about people and social experiences

A change in behavior brought about in order to follow the standards of others

What is the definition of self-objectification? Multiple choice question. Having a tendency to take credit for one's successes Having a tendency to see oneself primarily as an object in the eyes of others Having a tendency to see oneself as a success Holding views of oneself that are not deeply rooted in reality

Having a tendency to see oneself primarily as an object in the eyes of others

What is the definition of social psychology? Multiple choice question. The study of the influence of conformity on behavior. The study of aggression in different societies. The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. A therapeutic approach that works to help individuals integrate better into society.

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

The central question in making an attribution for a person's motivation is whether the cause of behavior is due to ______ factors. Multiple choice question. internal or external psychological or physical physical or mental logical or emotional

a

Which are five types of social identity? Multiple select question. Vocations and avocations Gender type Personal relationships Ethnicity and religion Stigmatized groups Political affiliation

a c d e f

Which of the following are factors that make it more likely you will be attracted to somebody? Multiple select question. a You've seen the person around a lot b You haven't seen the person before. c Close proximity d Similarities e Differences f Physical attractiveness

a c d f

Prejudice is Multiple choice question. behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group. a negative evaluation of an individual based on his or her group. a generalization about a particular group that does not consider variation between individuals.

a negative evaluation of an individual based on his or her group.

________ is an unselfish interest in helping someone else.

altruism

Cognitive dissonance is Multiple choice question. when a person helps someone out to ensure reciprocity or gain self-esteem. experienced when an individual is persuaded via the central route. an individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts. experienced when an individual is persuaded via the peripheral route.

an individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Social thinking involves not only perceptions and attributions but also ______ which are opinions and beliefs, about people, objects, and ideas, or, simply put, how we feel about things. Multiple choice question. attitudes deindividuation empathy facilitation

attitudes

______ are opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas.

attitudes

________ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what are the specific underlying causes of that person's behavior.

attribution

The field of social psychology emerged in the years after Multiple choice question. the assassination of President Kennedy. the U.S. Civil War. the murder of Kitty Genovese. the Vietnam War.

b civil war

What is the tendency for individuals to not help someone in need if other people are around? Multiple choice question. Elaboration likelihood Fundamental attribution error Bystander effect Altruism

c

In Solomon Asch's experiment where participants sat in a group and compared the length of lines, the conclusion showed that the pressure to ______ is strong. Multiple choice question. conform obey be altruistic stereotype

conform

We all adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. The fact that we attend work or school clothed, rather than nude, is an example of _________

conformity

Scott recently lost his job. He knows the job market is competitive, so he decides to take a fishing trip in an effort to relax and re-evaluate his future job strategies. While on his trip, he stops at a local gas station and is approached by a man pleading for change. Scott drops 2 quarters into the man's cup and thinks to himself, "Well, at least I'm not a beggar." This illustrates

downward social comparison

Gina prefers her own ethnic customs and traditions, and she is critical of others' customs and traditions. This is called _______

ethnocentrism

Joy doesn't question the traditions of her own culture, but she calls any unfamiliar traditions from other cultures 'stupid' or 'weird.' This is called _______

ethnocentrism

________ racism is a person's conscious and openly shared prejudicial attitudes, whereas _______ racism refers to prejudicial attitudes that exist on a deeper, unconscious level.

explicit, implicit

True or false: People are altruistic out of a selfish interest in helping someone else.

f

______ racism refers to prejudicial attitudes that exist on a deeper, unconscious level.

implicit

We inflate the positive aspects of our ______, and at the same time devalue ______.

in-group, out-groups

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of ____ and underestimate the importance of ____ when they seek to explain the behavior of others. Multiple choice question. failures; successes successes; failures external situations; internal traits internal traits; external situations

internal traits; external situations

The central route of the elaboration likelihood model works by engaging someone thoughtfully with a Multiple choice question. list of credible sources. logical argument. catchy phrase. dynamic speaker.

logical argument