Chapter 14

Which of the following are short repeats of DNA on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes? Multiple choice question. Telomeres Okazaki fragments Primers Telomerases

Telomeres

DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have Blank______. Multiple choice question. small amounts of DNA linear chromosomes circular chromosomes

linear chromosomes

In an aging cell, the activity of telomerase would be Blank______. Multiple choice question. very high high low

low

Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the Blank______. Multiple choice question. double backbone helix nucleotides phosphodiester backbone

phosphodiester backbone

Damage caused by UV light leading to thymine dimers is corrected during photorepair by the enzyme Blank______. Multiple choice question. DNA polymerase DNA primase photolyase thyminase

photolyase

Short, repeated sequences of DNA are characteristic of Multiple choice question. telomeres DNA polymerase origins of replication nucleases

telomeres

Franklin determined that the structure of DNA was helical based on Blank______. Multiple choice question. ball and stick models biochemical analysis microscopic analysis x-ray diffraction analysis

x-ray diffraction analysis

The partial opening of a DNA helix to form two single strands is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. an Okazaki fragment the replication fork the lagging strand the leading strand

the replication fork

Which of the following bonds, while individually weak, are numerous enough to hold the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule tightly together? Multiple choice question. Phosphodiester bonds Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds between basepairs

Hydrogen bonds between basepairs

Which of these is not required for DNA replication? Multiple choice question. Nucleotides Template NADPH Polymerase

NADPH

What is the name of the subunit that acts as the sliding clamp which keeps the replicating enzyme complex attached to the template in eukaryotic cells? Multiple choice question. Primase DNA polymerase II Replicon PCNA

PCNA

What is the name of the regions at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes? Multiple choice question. Nucleosomes Histones Chromatin Telomeres

Telomeres

Which E. coli genes encode the proteins required to perform excision repair? Multiple choice question. uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC polA, excB, and polC excA, excB, and excC

uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC

Telomerase uses which of the following as a template? Multiple choice question. Proteins A short external RNA A short internal RNA A small DNA fragment

A short internal RNA

What is a thymine dimer? Multiple choice question. A mutation caused by a chemical mutagen that causes a thymine base to pair with another thymine instead of adenine A location in a DNA molecule where there are two thymine bases in a row A thymine analogue that can be incorporated into a DNA molecule during replication, leading to mutation A site where two adjacent thymine bases become covalently cross-linked to each other

A site where two adjacent thymine bases become covalently cross-linked to each other

Which enzyme covalently links nucleotides together? Multiple choice question. Helicase DNA polymerase DNA gyrase DNA topoisomerase

DNA polymerase

Which of the following facilitates the reversal of damage to our hereditary material before a permanent mutation can occur? Multiple choice question. Ultraviolet (UV) light Mutagens Oncogenes DNA repair systems RNA polymerase

DNA repair systems

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells? Multiple choice question. RNA-digesting enzymes Protein-digesting enzymes DNA-digesting enzymes

DNA-digesting enzymes

he model organism used by Meselson and Stahl was Blank______. Multiple choice question. Streptococcus pneumoniae Escherichia coli mice T2 bacteriophage

Escherichia coli

Which type (or types) of cells has more than one origin of replication per chromosome? Multiple choice question. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Which type (or types) of cells uses (or use) a primase that is a combination of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase and makes short RNA primers which are then extended with DNA to produce the final primer? Multiple choice question. All three types of cells (bacterial, eukaryotic, and archaeal) Bacterial and eukaryotic Bacterial Eukaryotic

Eukaryotic

In which type of nonspecific repair mechanism is a damaged region of DNA removed and then replaced by DNA synthesis? Multiple choice question. Error-prone Excision repair Photorepair Error-free

Excision repair

The enzyme machinery responsible for mismatch repair must be able to distinguish between the template strand and a newly synthesized strand. How is that achieved in a bacterial cell, such as E. coli? Multiple choice question. For a short period of time after replication, the sequence GATC is methylated at the C only on the newly synthesized strand. For a short period of time after replication, the sequence GATC is methylated at the A only on the template strand. For a short period of time after replication, the sequence GATC is methylated at the A only on the newly synthesized strand. For a short period of time after replication, the sequence GATC is methylated at the C only on the template strand. Need help? Review these concept resources.

For a short period of time after replication, the sequence GATC is methylated at the A only on the template strand.

In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified? Multiple choice question. Proteins Nucleotides Genes RNA molecules

Genes

What provides the energy for the addition of nucleotides to a newly synthesized strand of DNA? Multiple choice question. High energy bonds in the nucleotides used to synthesize the strand High energy bonds in NADPH High energy bonds in ATP High energy bonds in GTP

High energy bonds in the nucleotides used to synthesize the strand

Which of the following bonds, while individually weak, are numerous enough to hold the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule tightly together? Multiple choice question. Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds between basepairs Phosphodiester bonds

Hydrogen bonds between basepairs

Which DNA polymerase removes and replaces RNA primer segments in the synthesis of the lagging stand because it has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. Multiple choice question. III I II

I

On this strand, the removal of the last primer leaves a gap that cannot be primed at the ends of the chromosome. Multiple choice question. Lagging Leading Both leading and lagging

Lagging

What type of repair mechanism is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly inserted into DNA during replication? Multiple choice question. SOS response Photorepair Mismatch repair Exonuclease repair

Mismatch repair

Which enzyme prevents chromosomal shortening by attaching a repeat sequence to the ends of chromosomes? Multiple choice question. Polymerase Telomerase Topoisomerase Helicase

Telomerase

An Blank______ cuts DNA internally and an Blank______ cuts at the ends of DNA. Multiple choice question. endonuclease; exonuclease endonuclease; perinuclease polymerase; exonuclease intranuclease; exonuclease

endonuclease; exonuclease

Based on replication proteins, DNA replication in archaea is most similar to that of Blank______. Multiple choice question. bacteria and some eukaryotes, more specifically fungi bacteria eukaryotes

eukaryotes

The primary purpose of the Meselson and Stahl experiments was to determine Blank______. Multiple choice question. the structure of DNA the nature of the genetic material how DNA replicates the function of DNA

how DNA replicates

The function of telomeres is to Blank______. Multiple choice question. extend DNA primers protect the ends of chromosomes seal DNA fragments on the lagging strand

protect the ends of chromosomes

The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because Blank______. Multiple choice question. radioactive bacteriophage RNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells radioactive bacterial RNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells radioactive bacterial DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with Blank______. Multiple choice question. semiconservative replication conservative replication dispersive replication

semiconservative replication

When the double stranded DNA helix is unwound, two single strands of DNA are formed. These strands have to be stabilized because their hydrophobic bases are exposed to water. The proteins that stabilize the two single strands are called Blank______. Multiple choice question. RNA polymerases helicase proteins single-strand binding proteins topoisomerase proteins

single-strand binding proteins

Griffith's experiments were important because they showed Blank______. Multiple choice question. that proteins could not be the genetic material of cells how genetic material was inherited in bacteria that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another the true identity of the genetic material

that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another

Griffith's studies were instrumental in the discovery of DNA as the genetic material because his experiments demonstrated Blank______. Multiple choice question. that DNA is made of nucleotides the existence of bacterial viruses transformation in bacteria

transformation in bacteria

A segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATGCCC-3'. The complementary sequence would be Blank______. Multiple choice question. 5'-GGGCAT-3' 5'-CCCGTA-3' 5'-TACGGG-3' 5'-ATGGGG-3'

5'-GGGCAT-3'

The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by Blank______. Multiple choice question. Franklin and Wilkins Watson and Crick Hershey and Chase Griffith

Hershey and Chase

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication? Multiple choice question. So that both strands of DNA can serve as a template to produce new strands So that the new strands can meet at the end of the circular chromosomes To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

A bacterial chromosome is typically replicated as Blank______. Multiple choice question. a single replicon 2-5 replicons multiple (>10) replicons 2 replicons

a single replicon

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. retroviruses bacteriophages transposons sarcomas

bacteriophages

The enzymes in the replisome are active on Blank______. Multiple choice question. the leading strand only both the leading and the lagging strand the lagging strand only

both the leading and the lagging strand

Experiments have shown that telomerase is involved in Blank______. Multiple choice question. cellular aging gene expression chromosome compaction cellular organization

cellular aging

Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on Blank______. Multiple choice question. chromosomes nucleotides ribosomes proteins

chromosomes

This model of DNA replication suggests that newly synthesized strands of DNA have mixtures of parental and newly synthesized portions is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. dispersive conservative semiconservative

dispersive

In order for mismatch repair to occur in a bacterial cell, the enzyme machinery must be able to Blank______. Multiple choice question. block replication from occurring until the mismatch repair is completed efficiently find thymine dimers along the DNA strand distinguish between the template strand and a newly synthesized strand

distinguish between the template strand and a newly synthesized strand

The interaction of two strands of DNA via hydrogen bonds results in a structure called the Blank______. Multiple choice question. genome double helix chromosome

double helix

The level of DNA structure that resembles a spiral staircase is the Blank______. Multiple choice question. chromosome double helix chromatid strand

double helix

Regarding Meselson and Stahl's experiment, the primary difference between the proposed models of DNA replication was related to Blank______. Multiple choice question. how long the process took to complete the sequence of the resulting daughter strands the types of cells the replication occurred in how the parental strands were incorporated into the daughter strands

how the parental strands were incorporated into the daughter strands

Agents that cause mutation are known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. mutagens nucleases carcinomas sarcomas

mutagens

During semiconservative DNA replication, Blank______. Multiple choice question. random portions of each new double helix come from the original molecule or are newly synthesized one of the new daughter double helices is made of the two original strands, while the other one is made of two new strands one of the strands in each new double helix comes from the original molecule, and one is newly synthesized

one of the strands in each new double helix comes from the original molecule, and one is newly synthesized

DNA repair mechanisms have likely evolved because Blank______. Multiple choice question. DNA polymerase makes a lot of errors some cells have to deal with the effects of mutagens while others do not there is no way for cells to avoid exposure to mutagens

there is no way for cells to avoid exposure to mutagens