Chapter 14

Zachary Taylor

(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. Nickname Old Rough and Ready

Bleeding Kansas

(1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state.

Freedom

A former slave

Fugitive Slave law

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

Civil Service

A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service.

underground railroad

A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North

John Brown

Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)

Booker T Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Harriet Tubman

American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.

Jefferson Davis

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 Jefferson Finis Davis was an American soldier and politician who was the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin She wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War.

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Also called the "Angel of the Battlefield"

Clara Barton

Robert E Lee

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force Appointed command of the Confederate Army in 1862 during the Civil War. Despite his skill he was forced to surrender to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.

Radicals

Controlled congress and opposed Lincoln's plan because they felt the plan was to easy on the south.

Franklin Pierce

Democrat (1853-1857), Candidate from the North who could please the South. His success in securing the Gadsden Purchase was overshadowed by the controversy surrounding the Ostend Manifesto, the Kansas Nebraska Act and "Bleeding Kansas." Passions over slavery had been further inflamed, and the North and South were more irreconcilable than before. He succeeded only in splitting the country further apart,

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." (responsible for the Missouri Compromise). Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

Reconstruction act of 1867

Divided former confederacy (not Tennessee) into five districts and appointed military officers to govern the districts

Now he belongs to the Ages

Edwin M Stanton said

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

First Bill Run

First major battle of the Civil War was fought here on July 21, 1861. Battle fought here is also know In Virginia

Cherokee Mounted Rifles

General Stand Wattie's volunteers

Wilderness Campaign

Grant led his troops through a heavily wooded area of northern Virginia called the "wilderness" to fight a series of bloody battles with General Lee

It split the Democratic Vote, making Zachary Taylor win the election of 1848

How did the Free Soil Party affect the election of 1848?

some 600,000

How many Americans died in the Civil War?

1. loyal American who desired to protect home and family 2. Man knew the importance of doing the right thing no matter what others say 3. a man of prayer

Lee wrote a letter to his sister telling her the themes that dominated his life. What were the themes?

14th amendment

Made Freedmen citizens of the US and attempted to safeguard their civil rights

California as a free state Fugitive slave Law

Name two of the provisions that the Compromise of 1850 called for?

donkey- democrats elephant- republicans

Nast also invented the symbols of the two leading political party what where they?

amnesty Act

Passed in 1872, law which granted civil rights to ex-confederates and so set the stage for them to regain control of the south

Carpetbaggers

People who manipulate state and government to gain personal power and money.

Manassas Junction

Place near a creek called bull run where the first major battle of Civil War took place.

Republican Party

Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery & consisted of Whigs, N. Democrats, & Free-Soilers in defiance to the Slave Powers

Martin Van Buren

Presidential Candidate for the Free Soil Party in 1848

Freedmen's Bureau

Provided relief for both blacks and whites who has lost everything in the war.

Black codes

Restricted black civil rights and Kept them from voting

Daniel Webster

Senator of Massachusetts; famous American politician & orator; advocated renewal & opposed the financial policy of Jackson; many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System; later pushed for a strong union.

John C Calhoun

Senator of South Carolina, was sick with tuberculosis and couldn't read his speech. (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

John Wilkes Booth

Shot Lincoln in the head

1. southern troops had motivation of defending their homes and families 2. south prepared for war by accumulating a small store of supplies 3. south had better military leaders

South Had several advantages

Conservative

Supported Lincoln

Richmond, Virginia

The Confederate capital

Seventh of March Speech

This was a famous speech given by Daniel Webster when he was trying to work out the Compromise of 1850. In it, he fought for compromise. He asked for a stricter fugitive slave law and said that there was no need to legislate slavery in the territories because the land was not fit for it. His speech became widely printed and read, and it increased the popularity of Union and compromise.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general known for his devastating March to the Sea

Anaconda Plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

Mexico should allow slavery

What became an issue after the Mexican War in 1848?

Union Party

What did the Republicans call themselves?

Popular Sovereignty

What idea was supported by senator Cass to solve the issue of slavery in Mexico?

1. North had more manpower 2. North had more factories 3. North had better railsystem

What troubled the Confederates?

An ingenious strategy where the Union would strike like an anaconda snake, wrapping its forces around the South and crushing them

What was the Anaconda Plan?

1. blockade the entire Southern coastline 2. seize control of the Mississippi River to cut the South off from the West 3. further divide the South by capturing the Tennessee River Valley and marching through Georgia to the coast 4. capture the Confederate capital at Richmond

What were the four parts of the Anaconda Plan?

1. blockade the entire southern coastline 2. seize control of the Mississippi river 3. divide the south by capturing the Tennessee river valley 4. capture the confederate capital at Richmond

What were the four parts to the plan of Anaconda

First Manassas

What's the other name for the battle of First Bull Run?

Scalawags

White southerners who helped carpetbaggers

Henry Clay

Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?

the dignity of Labor

a great principle of life learned at Hampton Institute

Samuel C Armstrong

administrator for Hampton Hamilton said about this man "christlike-said he was a man who so completely lost sight of himself""

13th Amendment

amendment that outlawed slavery

Ulysses S Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Clara Barton

an army medical nurse established a bureau of missing persons helped to organize the American Red Cross (1881)

the Battle of Shiloh

battle in Tennessee won by the Union

Battle of Chattanooga

battle in which Union forces defeated the Confederate army

The Battle of Chickamauga

battle in which the Confederates defeated Union troops and forced them to retreat to Chattanooga

Ulysses S. Grant

captured the river outposts of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in northwestern Tennessee

April 9, 1865

day of Confederate surrender to the Union

Edward Everett

famous orator who preceded Lincoln at the podium

The Gettysburg Address

famous speech given by Lincoln, dedicating the battlefield and honoring those who had died on both sides

David G. Farragut

led the fleet of Union warships that broke through the Confederate defense at the mouth of the Mississippi and sailed up the river to New Orleans

draft system

men are selected for military service with or without their expressed consent

war bonds

notes that could be redeemed after a period of time for their purchase value plus interest

greenbacks

paper money Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war

the Reconstruction Era

period after the Civil War in which rebuilding programs were instituted in the South

National Banking Act

set up a national banking system to regulate the supply of greenbacks (paper money) and to supervise the financing of the war

Seven Days' Battles

southern-initiated battle in Virginia; Confederate victory

the Monitor

the North's first ironclad

Sharecropper Farming

the confiscating of farmland in the South forced many farmers both black and white into the bondage

Tweed Ring

the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing.

ironclad ship

the most promising Southern invention which eventually led to the modern, metal-plated warship

Appomattox Court House

village where Lee surrendered to Grant

Compromise 1850

was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War

South Carolina

was the first state to secede from the union

Merrimac

wooden vessel sunk by the Union

Thomas J Jackson

1863, Confederate general whose men stopped Union assault during the Battle of Bull Run

Second Battle of Bull Run

2nd battle at Manassas Junction; Confederate victory

popular sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Civil War

1861-1865 A war between people of the same country.

Millard Fillmore

13th President, Compromise of 1850 Became president when Zachary Taylor died in 1850; Whig; events during his presidency include the Compromise of 1850 and his effort to end Japanese isolation from trade with the US

Andrew Johnson

17th president after Lincoln was assassinated Restored the union as a result of Lincoln's plan 1st president to be impeached but not removed from office