Chapter 14 Digestive system

The amount of gastric juices produced everyday is

2-3 liters

The journey of chyme through small intestine takes

3-6 hours

The amount of permanent teeth within a full set of teeth is

32

When full, the average adult stomach can hold approx

4 liters of food

The submucosal and myenteric nervve plexus that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organ are both part of the

Autonomic nervouse system

Intrinsic factor in digestion is a stomach secretion needed for absorption of _________ from the small intestine

B vitamin B12

Which one of the following middle section of the small intestine

C jejunum

Bile enters the duodenum of the small intestine through the pancreatic duct T or F

False

Fats are absorbed by active transport in the small intestine T or F

False

Optimal health of tissues is achieved when HDL and LDL are present in equal amounts within blood T or F

False

Pancreatic enzymes are released into the stomach to break down all categories of digestible foods T or F

False

Sugars, and starches are classified as lipids T or F

False

The ascending colon is found on the left side of the abdominal cavity T or F

False

The bicuspids are also called the wisdom teeth T or F

False

The first portion of the small intestine is the jejenum T OR F

False

The innermost later of the serosa is called the parietal peritonuem T OR F

False

The involuntary phase of swallowing is called buccal phase T or F

False

The lacy apron of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the lesser omentum T or F

False

Villi are projections of the mucosa of the stomach T or F

False

Watery stool that results when food residu is rushed through the large intestine before sufficient water had been reabsorbed causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance is called constipation T or F

False

the chief cells prodcuce hydrochloric acid which activates stomach enzymes T or F

False

The hormone responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid is

Gastrin

Which of the following is NOT involved in the swallowing reflex

Larynx

Bile is formed by the

Liver

Which of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. (MPESSL) Many people expect sexy small langerie

Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption) within the small intestine.

Peyers patches

site of initiation of the defecation reflex

RECTUM

The enamel found on teeth is heavily mineralized with calcium salts and compromises the hardest substance within body T or F

Treu

Anabolism is the process in which larger molecules are built from smaller ones T or F

True

Another name for the alimerntary canal is gastrointestinal tract (GI) T or F

True

Bile is produced by the liver but stored in the gallbladder T or F

True

Fat metabolism can result in acidosis T or F

True

Food within the lumen of the alimentary canal is considered to be outside the body T or F

True

Mass movement are slow moving contractile waves that move over large areas of the colon three of four times a day T or F

True

Secretin and cholecytokinin influence the release of both pancreatic juice and bile T or F

True

Small pocketlike sacs, within the large intestine that most often are partially contracted are called haustra T or F

True

The bodys thermostat which regulates body temperature is located within hypothalmus T or F

True

The segment of the colon to which the appendix is attached is the cecum T or F

True

The small intestine runs from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve T or F

True

absence of either bile or pancreatic juice indicates that no fat digestion or absorption is occurring this can lead to blood clotting problems because the liver needs vitamin k to make prothrombin T or F

True

Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into bloodstream or lymphatic fluid is called

absoption

The primary function of small intestine is to

absorbtion of nutrients

In order for fats to be used for ATP synthesis they must be broken down to from

acetic acid

Two items absorbed through stomach walls are _________ and _________

alcohol, aspirin

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called

amino acids

starch matching

amylase

The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called

anabolism

The opening of the large intestine is called the

anus

The opening on the terminal end of the lrg intestine is called the

anus

Glucose and glycogen MATCH

carbohydrates

fiber

carbohydrates

The sphincter found at the distal end of the esophagus is the _________sphincter

cardioesophageal

A chemical reaction in which substances are broken down into simpler substances is referred to as

catabolism

Which of the following is NOT one of the carbohydrates that the human digestive system is able to break down the simple sugars

cellulose

The material on the outermost surface of the root that attaches a tooth to the periodontal membrane (ligament) is called

cementum

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions called

chemical digestion

Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile

cholecustokinin and secretin

Food that resembles heavy cream after being processed is the stomach is called

chyme

Milk teeth that begin to erupt at around six MONTHS are also called

deciduous teeth

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called

defaction

When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched the ________________is intitiated

defectation reflex

the process of swallowing is known as

deglutition

Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the

duodenum

Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine

duodenum

site where pancreatic digestion occurs

duodenum

Bile breaks large fat globules into smaller ones to provide more surface area for fat digesting enzymes to operate in a process called

emulsification

The organ that connects the pharynx to the stomach is called the

esophagus

Which of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function

esophagus

tube through which food is propelled but no digestion takes place

esophagus

Amino acids that cannot be made by human body cells and therefor must be ingested in the diet are said to be

essential

The anal canal has a voluntary sphincter formed by smooth muscle only T or F

false

Acidosis occurs when _________ is digested

fat

The upper, expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region is called the

fundus

The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pesinogens, mucus, and hydrocloric acid in the stomach is called

gastrin

The enamel covered crown of the tooth is exposed just above the

gingiva or gum

The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of body is a type of carbohydrate known as

glucose

the polysaccharide, glycogen, is formed from the combination of thousands of glucose molecules during a process called

glycogenesis

Cells abundant within large intestine that produce large amounts of lubricating mucus to aid in the passage of feces to the end of digestive tract are called

goblet cells

The structure that forms the anterior roof of the mouth is the

hard palate

Nutrients detour through the liver via the

hepatic portal circulation

The last subdivision of the small intestine is called

ileum

The anterior chisel shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are

incisors

The voluntary process of placing food into mouth is referred to as

ingestion

Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol

it provides energy fuel for muscle contraction

Buildup of bile within the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through body could cause tissue to turn yellow and a condition called

jaundice

The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units

kilocalories

The energy value of foods is measured in units called

kilocalories

the specific metabolic pathway of cellular respiration in which virtually all carbon dioxide is made is the

krebs cycle

lactose matching

lactase

The rich capillary bed and modified lymphatic capillary found within each villus is called a

lacteal

Primary site of water absorption match

large intestine

The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the

large intestine

site of vitamin k synthesizes by bacteria

large intestine

Which of the following is continuous with the esophagus

larynopharynx ( esophagus loves lary)

The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limtis its posterior movements is called the

lingual frenulum

fat matching

lipase

triglycerides

lipids

Bile is produced by the _________-but stored in the ___________

liver, gallbladder

The lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells is called

low density lipoprotein LDL

The emetic (vomiting) center in the brain is called the

medulla

Inorganic substances necessary to body functioning that must be ingested through the diet are

minerals

calcium phosphorus potassium

minerals

site where starch digestion begins matchi

mouth

The innermost layer of the alimentary canal is referred to as the

mucosa

Which of the following is not a layer of the alimentary canal

muscularis interna ( men ignore)

nucleic acids matching

nuclease

The accessory digestive organ that produces enzymes that break down all food groups is the

pancreas

Enzyme rich pancreatic juice contains all of the following EXCEPT

pancreatase

The chemical responsible for about half of protein digestion and all of fat digestion is

pancreatic juice

Digestion is primarily controlled by the

parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system

The serosal membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity by way of mesentery is called

patietal peritoneum

Proteins matching

pepsinogens

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called

peristalsis

The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenlalanine which can result in brain damage and retardation unless special diet low in phenylalanine is called

phenylkonuria

Which of the following is NOT absorbed by human large intestine

protein

amino acids MATCH

proteins

The sphincter that prevents food from leaving the stomach is the __________sphincter

pyloric

The release of food from the stomach into the small intestines is regulated by the

pyloric sphincter

the small intestine extends from the

pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

Chemical substances released by macrophages and white blood cells that cause an upward restting of the bodys thermostat are called

pyrogens

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in the stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk in infants is

rennin

Large wrinkle like folds in stomach lining, present when the stomach is empty that allow for expansion when the stomach is filled are called

rugea

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called

segmentation

Segmentation is a type of mechanical digestion that occurs only in the

small intestine

amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest

starch

the first nutrient to be chemically digested is

starch

Protein digestion begins in the

stomach

site where the beginning of protein digestion occurs

stomach

the reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow is called

sucking reflex

The liver metabilizes fats for all of the following reasons except

synthesis of vitamin k

Which of the following is NOT an organ of the alimentary canal

teeth

adenosine triphosphate ATP is produced in greatest quantity during

the electron transport chain

Which of the following is NOT true of the sensors involved in digestive reflexes

they activate or inhibit lacteal absorption

Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver

to add ammonia to the blood

The total amount of Kilacalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion is called the

total metabolic rate

Enzymes of the microvilli are called brush border enzymes

true

The ryhmthic, wavelike propelling mechanism of the alimernatry canal is called persistalsis T or F

true

coenzymes MATCH

vitamins