chapter 14 Fecal analysis
significance of ribbon-like poop:
obstruction
what is the small intestines aided by?
pancreatic enzymes/bile salts
define Osmotic Diarrhea
poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa
path red poop:
rifampin, lowerGI bleeding.
where does the final breakdown and reabsorption of protein, carbohydrates, and fats is?
the small intestines.
what cause the brown color in poop?
urobilin
if less than 4 weeks, than it is_____
acute
causes of secretory diarrhea:
bacteria, drugs, viruses
nonpath cause of red poop.
beets
secretory diarrhea
caused by increased secretion of water and electrolytes. -bacterial, viral, protozoan,
significance of hard poop:
constipation
causes of Steatorrhea
cystic fibrosis -decreased pancreatitis enzymes -pancreastitis -malignancy
significance of water in poop:
diarrhea
what does occult mean?
hidden
Define Malnutrition
impaired absorption
define Maldigestion
impaired digestion
define steatorrhea
increased fats in the stool, More that 6g a day
osmotic diarrhea
maldigestion and malnutrition
Rapid gastric emptying(dumping Syndrome)
<35 min
examples of bacteria that cause S. diarrhea
E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, salmonella
what test do we run if there is occult blood?
Fecal occult blood test(FOBT)
what does feces help diagnosis?
- GI bleeding -maldigestion/malasorbption -diarrhea/steatorrhea -detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites
the normal composition and formation of feces.
-100g to 200g of feces in 24 hr period
green poop:
-Nonpath:green veggies -path: biliverdin/oral antibiotics
what causes the Pale poop?
-bile blockage -barium sulfate
the spectrum of blood in poop.
-bright red- is lower GI bleeding -dark/black- upper tract.
what stages of examination do we look for in feces?
-chemical -macroscopic -microscopic
examples of non bacteria that causes S. Diarrhea
-drugs -laxatives -inflammatory bowel diease -disease
diarrhea
-excess water (> 3000ml) -reaching large intestines. -> 200 g stool per day with increased liquid and more than three poops a day.
the lab test we use:
-fecal electrolytes -osmolarity -pH
causes of Irritable bowel syndrome
-hypermotility -constipation -food -stress -exercise
4 factors when considering diarrhea
-illness duration -mechanism -severity -stool characteristics
mucus coated poop
-intestinal irritation -inflammation -colitis
appearance of blood streaked mucus:
-intsestinal wall damage -malignancy -dysentery
Name other impairments
-lactose intolerance, -celiac Sprue (Malabsorption)
causes or osmotic diarrhea
-malabsorption -malnutrition -poor absorption
appearance of steatorrhea
-pale -bulky -frothy -foul odor
mechanisms of diarrhea
-secretory -osmotic -altered motility
if it is more than 4 weeks, than it is_________
Chronic
what do we check for in APT test?
Neonates
what WBC do we mainly focus in an fecal luek exam?
Nuetrophils
that reagent does FOBT use?
Pseudooxidase
what do we use for confirming Steatorrhea?
Quantitative fecal fat test