Chapter 14 - Learning Curve
The Big Five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension.
40
Steve struggles with feelings of inferiority that in turn drive him to seek superiority and power. Which neo-Freudian theorist was MOST concerned with cases like Steve's condition?
Alfred Adler
Today's researchers call _____ the false consensus effect.
Freud's projection
In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, Riley needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which criticism of the humanistic perspective would Riley cite?
The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values
When personality traits were measured in several age groups and then measured again seven years later, researchers found a correlation of +0.3 for young children, +0.54 for collegians, and +0.73 for 70-year-olds. This suggests that:
correlations were strongest for comparisons done in adulthood
Freud called _____ the "royal road to the unconscious."
dreams
When people are open with their own feelings, drop their facades, and are self-disclosing, they are displaying:
genuineness
Michael feels that he has reached his full potential as a college student. He has a 4.0 grade point average, is involved in many campus activities, and has just been accepted into graduate school. According to Maslow, Michael:
is self-actualized
Lee is 35 years old and smokes almost two packs of cigarettes daily. According to Freud, Lee is fixated at which stage of development?
oral
Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:
personality
Research by Adams and colleagues found that men who reported negative attitudes toward homosexuality experienced greater arousal when watching videos of gay men. These results demonstrate which of Freud's defense mechanisms?
reaction formation
Shortly before she was to start high school, Aaliyah's family moved to another state. On the first day of school, Aaliyah's mother catches Aaliyah sucking her thumb, something that Aaliyah has not done in years. Which defense mechanism is Aaliyah using to avoid stress?
regression
Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by the opinions of others display _____.
self-actualization
All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Maslow, this suggests that Ernest will next seek to satisfy his need for:
self-esteem
Humanistic theories have been criticized for encouraging attitudes of self-indulgence, _____, and lack of moral restraint.
selfishness
Maria does not have a very good driving record. She has gotten several tickets for running red lights, speeding, and not wearing her seat belt. When asked by the judge at her more recent court appearance why she continually violated driving laws, Maria stated that she was certain others did the same, including the judge. Today's researchers would call this:
the false consensus effect
Marsha and Ben have been married for thirty years. They have shared everything about themselves, both the good and the bad, with each other. This sharing has helped them grow even closer to one another. Carl Rogers would say that they have:
unconditional positive regard.
Dr. Myers often asks clients to describe themselves as they are, and to describe the people they would like to be. Dr. Myers' technique BEST reflects _____ notion of _____.
Carl Rogers'; the self-concept
Dr. Costa sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as _____.
Genuineness
Lately, 5-year-old Adam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings toward his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Adam is experiencing the _____ complex.
Oedipus
In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, Colin needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which criticism of the trait perspective would he cite?
People do not act with predictable consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.
According to terror-management theory, people enhance their self-esteem in order to defend themselves from fear of their own:
death
Todd is attracted to other males. Instead of admitting that he is gay, Todd attempts not to think about it. However, he still has dreams with homosexual imagery in them. According to psychoanalytic perspective, Todd is using:
denial
Researchers find that in high stress situations, it is common for the stress hormones to _____ memories of traumatic events.
enhance
Xander is a newspaper reporter who uses a high frequency of personal pronouns such as we, our, and us in his articles. Based on this, you might predict that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait:
extraversion
Felipe is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Felipe is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of _____.
neuroticism
The old saying, "That is the pot calling the kettle black," is a good example of this defense mechanism.
projection
Bruno often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bruno BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____.
reaction formation
Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
reaction formation
The _____ theory explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
terror-management
The inconsistency of behaviors also makes personality test scores as _____ predictors of behaviors.
weak