chapter 14 lecture hw

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

Dr. Taylor experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke. Why is stroke dangerous to neurons? 1. CVAs interfere with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which disrupts its ability to function in the transport of nutrients, waste, and chemical nutrients to individual neurons. 2. CVAs block the normal blood supply to the brain; neurons that are starved of oxygen and nutrients begin to die within minutes. 3. CVAs affect the permeability of the endothelial cells that create the blood-brain barrier, allowing toxic substances to reach neurons and cause their death. 4. CVAs disrupt the production and transport of neurotransmitters required for neuronal function and maintenance.

CVAs block the normal blood supply to the brain; neurons that are starved of oxygen and nutrients begin to die within minutes.

which cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF? Ependymal cells Astrocytes Arachnoid granulations Neurons

Ependymal cells

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

III, IV, VI

Dr. Taylor's CVA occurred in the left cerebral hemisphere, near her language center. If Dr. Taylor's CVA had occurred in the same region of the right cerebral hemisphere, what would have been different about her symptoms? 1. She would have had difficulty in visual and spatial analysis as well as possible difficulty in identifying familiar objects by touch, taste, and sight. 2. She would have had difficulty with abstract intellectual functions like predicting the consequences of an event or action. 3. She would have had difficulty with visual association; for example, she would have been unable to recognize the letters of the alphabet as letters. They would have appeared as unfamiliar symbols. 4. She would have had difficulty with mathematical calculations.

She would have had difficulty in visual and spatial analysis as well as possible difficulty in identifying familiar objects by touch, taste, and sight.

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen?

X

Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true? It connects the brain and spinal cord. The medulla oblongata relays all communication between the brain and spinal cord. It coordinates complex autonomic functions. All of the listed responses are correct.

all are correct

Which of these is found in the pons? respiratory control nuclei nuclei for four cranial nerves tracts to the cerebellum All of these are found in the pons.

all are found in the pons

At the optic chiasm, 1. axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. 2. axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. 3. the optic nerve enters the cerebellum. 4. axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. 5. the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain.

axons from the medial halves of each retina cross

The huge, highly-branched neurons known as Purkinje cells are found in the

cerebellar cortex

Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the

cerebellum

Where is the arbor vitae located?

cerebellum

Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?

cerebrum

The center in the medulla oblongata where the first synapse in the auditory pathway is made is the reticular formation respiratory rhythmicity center cochlear nucleus vestibular nucleus

cochlear nucleus

Dr. Taylor bled into her left cerebral hemisphere. What is the function of the cerebrum? 1. conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, and conscious/subconscious control of skeletal muscle 2. coordinates complex somatic motor patterns and adjusts the output of other somatic motor centers 3. processes visual and auditory data, generates reflexive somatic motor responses, and maintains consciousness 4. controls emotions, has autonomic functions, and functions in hormone productions in addition to being a center for the relay and processing of sensory information

conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, and conscious/subconscious control of skeletal muscle

What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum

Which of these is NOT a property of the limbic system? It includes the hippocampus. It regulates body temperature. It is central to our ability to experience emotions. It is important in learning and memory.

it regulates body temp

Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve.

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

The pons exchanges information with the cerebellum over the __________. inferior cerebellar peduncle The pons exchanges information with the cerebellum over all of these structures. superior cerebellar peduncle middle cerebellar peduncle

middle cerebellar peduncle

Gustatory (taste) information reaches the brain by way of

nerve IX

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

occulomotor

Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease. superior colliculi substantia nigra mammillary bodies red nuclei

substantia nigra

What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section?

superior colliculus

Which areas form the central core of the brain?

thalamus

What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system? The arachnoid villi The central canal A choroid plexus The median aperture of the fourth ventricle The subarachnoid space

the arachnoid villi

If you are reading and you unexpectedly hear a loud noise, your head generally snaps up. Which portion of the midbrain is most likely to be responsible for this reflexive motion? the superior colliculus the substantia nigra the inferior colliculus the red nucleus

the inferior colliculus

Which embryological brain vesicle will form the cerebrum? the myelencephalon the metencephalon the mesencephalon the telencephalon

the telencephalon

which of the following is not a function of CSF? Cushion the brain Remove waste from brain cells Transport blood to brain structures Support the weight of the brain

transport blood to brain structures

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal