Chapter 14 Mr. Arias History Test
What new political party starts, why
(1848) Free Soil party starts, formed by anti-slavery people formed to stop slavery
DS Decision - what were their decisions on the 3 issues, what were the reactions
1) AAs, free or slave, are not citizens of the US (Scott can't legally sue) 2) Living on free soil doesn't make him free, bc Scott moved back to Missouri, where slavery is legal 3) Miss. Comp is illegal and no state can ban slavery in the US, bc slaves are property, and property can't be taken away Southerners love, northerners hate
DS Decision - what were the 3 main issues the Supreme Court had to decide
1) Is Scott/AAs citizens? 2) Does living on free soil make a slave free? 3) Is it constitutional to prohibit slavery in the US?
Dred Scott Decision - why did DS sue for his freedom
1846 - DS sues for his freedom since his owner brings him to a free state which he thinks makes him free
Harper's Ferry - what was John Brown's plan and what actually happened
1858 - Brown plans for uprising Wants to seize an arsenal in Virginia, arm local slaves and attack the south. 10/16/1859 - Brown w 20 men raid the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA. No slaves came to help, because they were scared of their masters. Federal troops led by Robert E. Lee capture Brown and his men (10 died). Brown was convicted of treason, murder and conspiracy. 12/2/1859 - John Brown was hanged
Bleeding Kansas - why do people rush into Kansas, who won the election, how did they win
5000 proslavery people from Missouri come to Kansas, vote, and go home. The proslavery side wins. They passed strict proslavery laws.
What political party starts, what was their issue
A group of Whigs, Dems and Free Soilers start the Republican party, they were united against the spread of slavery in the west
Who wins the election of 1856, why does he win
Buchanan (15th Pres of US), not being in the US during the KN act debate helped Buchanan win
South secedes - what new nation did they form, who was their president, how was their constitution different
Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, same constitution as the US except slavery was legal
Election of 1852 - what were the main issues, who won
Dems - Franklin Pierce (will honor the comp of 1850, which the south likes) Whig - Winfield Scott (does not fully support comp of 1850, lost votes in south because of this) Pierce wins the election for the 14th president with the help of southern votes
Know what the K-N act says, who likes/dislikes it and why
Douglas makes a compromise (KN act) -Rest of Louisiana purchase split into 2 territories (Kansas + Nebraska) -Allows pop sov in these states -Takes away 36 degree 30 line (Miss Comp) Abolitionists are outraged (more slavery) Southerners agree to the law and it is passed on 5/30/1854
Freeport Doctrine - who won the election, how is Lincoln helped
Douglas won, but Lincoln became known in the US
Fugitive Slave Act (FSA) - what would happen at the trials
FSA - is a crime to help runaway slaves, can arrest possible runaway slaves in free areas and bring them to court. 1) Only white witnesses can testify 2) Accused AA's cannot testify 3) Anyone who helps runaway slaves can get 6 months in jail and a $1000 fine ($50,000 now) 4) No jury, only a commissioner decides case 5) Commissioners say they are not a runaway gets $5/case, commissioner say they are runaways get $10/case (biased to say AAs are slaves to get $)
What is sectionalism
Favoring the interests of a section of the country over the whole country
Why was California able to become a state so quickly, what kind of state did they want to be, what problem would this cause
Gold Rush cause rapid population growth in California (which is why Cali was able to become a state quickly). People from Cali wanted to join as a free state. If Cali was free or slave it would still cause Congress to have an uneven number of free and slave states.
Antislavery literature - know about Uncle Tom's Cabin, who wrote it, how it affected the US and how many issues it sold
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin to educate northerners about slave life. It was published in 1852. It outraged people in the north about slave lives and it outraged people in the south about the negative portrayal of plantation life. Within 10 years sold 2 million copies in the US, and more internationally. Caused many people to join the Abolitionist cause, and it started the split between the north and the south.
Compromise of 1850 - who comes up with the compromise, what does it say, know who likes and dislikes each part
Henry Clay comes up with the compromise. 1) California would be a free state 2) Any new states in Mexican Cession would be decided by pop sov, the new areas were Utah and New Mexico territories 3) Texas gives up land to New Mexico in exchange for US paying off Texas debts 4) Slave trade, not slavery, ends in national capital 5) New Fugitive Slave Law Northerners like 1 & 4, southerners 3 & 5. 2 depends on who is able to vote in that area.
What did the commissioners earn, how was it biased
If they say an AA is not a runaway they get $5/case, if they say they are they get $10/case. They are biased to say they are runaways to get more money.
South secedes - who tried to come up with a compromise, what was it, what was Lincoln's reaction
John Crittenden tried to make a comp to keep the country together, but Lincoln told all Republicans in Congress to vote against the comp (doesn't pass). Lincoln said no more comp, it is time to deal with the issue
Freeport Doctrine - what did Lincoln want Douglas to respond to
Lincoln asks how Douglas can believe in pop sov and the Dred Scott decision (can't ban slavery)
Election of 1860 - why was the south upset about the election
Lincoln didn't campaign in the South and didn't win any southern state but still won
South secedes - what did Lincoln say in his inauguration address, what was he trying to hold onto in the South
Lincoln says he believes in citizens rights to change the government, but not in the right of states to leave the US. Also says he will keep all gov property in the seceding states, like military bases. Says he will not provoke a war with the South (lie)
Harper's Ferry - what were the reactions of the north and the south
Many northerners mourned John Brown's death, but some (Lincoln) did not like his use of deadly force. Most southerners felt worried that someone else would attack the South again (happy that Brown died)
Bleeding Kansas - what happened at the Sack of Lawrence and the Pottawatomie Massacre
May 1856 - 800 proslavery men ride to Lawrence to arrest anti slavery men (who fled). Pro slavery men kill one old man and burn many buildings (Sack of Lawrence). 5/24/1856 - Anti slavery men led by John Brown kill 5 pro slavery men (torture + dismember them), known as the Pottawatomie Massacre. The Civil war starts in Kansas killing over 200 people.
South secedes - what other states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana
Election of 1860 - who was running for each party, who won the election
N. Dems - S. Douglas S. Dems - JC Breckenridge Constitutional Union Party - J. Bell Rep - A. Lincoln Lincoln only wins 40% of total vote, but wins and becomes the 16th president, doesn't win a southern state.
Violence in Congress - what happened in Congress, what was the reaction of northerners and southerners
Northern Senator C. Sumner criticizes pro slavery people including southern senator P. Butler for what happened in Kansas. 5/22/1856 - P. Brooks, relative of Butler, attacks Sumner in Congress w a cane and Sumner is knocked unconscious (brain damage, can't talk for a few years). Southerners send Brooks new canes, and northerners want him sent to jail. Brooks only paid a $300 fine. Sumner took 3 years to return to Congress. The country is torn apart even further because of this.
What was the Wilmot Proviso, why did it not work
Northerner David Wilmot tried to pass the Wilmot Proviso - slavery should not exist in any part of the new territory. The house of representatives (mostly northerners) passed the law, but the Senate (mostly southerners) did not pass it
Lincoln-Douglas Debates - what were they running for, who had the advantage
Ran for US senate, Douglas had the advantage bc he was known for the railroad situation
K-N act - what was the south's argument for the railroad
Wanted it to start in New Orleans
K-N act - where did Douglas want the railroad to go, from where, why
Wanted to have the train to Pacific start in Chicago, Illinois (makes Chicago better and him famous/rich)
What is popular sovereignty
the idea that political authority belongs to the people
DS Decision - where were the majority of the Supreme Court justices from
The south
What were the reactions to the FSA
Thousands of AAs in the North fled to Canada in fear of being sent to the South. In 10 years of the FSA - 343 cases and only 11 AA's were set free. The abolitionists hate FSA because 1) No jury 2) Commissioners get more $ to say they are a runaway slave (causes more northerners to join the Abolitionist cause)
Bleeding Kansas - where did the anti-slavery set up their government
Topeka
Freeport Doctrine - what did Douglas say, how did this affect the Dred Scott decision
Said people should decide and it is up to them if they want slavery, which allows for people or police to ignore the Supreme Court Dred Scott ruling
How did the other political parties change, why did they change
Some Dems and Whigs join the know-nothing party (American Party)
South secedes - what was the first state to secede from the US, what was their reason for doing it
South Carolina - if they can join the US, they can leave it
South secedes - what was the response of Lincoln and other northerners
Strongly disagree
Lincoln-Douglas Debates - what was the main issue, what was the main points of both men
The main issue was the slave issue. Lincoln believed there should be no slavery, but AAs should not be equal to whites. Douglas believed people should decide if they want slavery or not (pop sov)
Bleeding Kansas - which government did the federal government recognize
The proslavery gov