Chapter 14 : Musculoskeletal Imaging and Superficial Structure - REVIEW QUESTIONS

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patient's hand? a. High-frequency, linear-array transducer b. Low-frequency, curved array transducer c. High-frequency, sector transducer d. Low-frequency, linear-array transducer

a. High-frequency, linear-array transducer

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: a. Itching in the area of the tendon b. Pain c. Edema d. The area is warm to the touch

a. Itching in the area of the tendon

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of: a. Hyperemic flow b. Tendosynovitis c. Cartilaginous inflammation d. Cartilaginous extension

b. Tendosynovitis

The Achilles tendon connects the: a. Ankle to the knee b. Heel to the ankle c. Heel to the muscle calf d. Knee to the calf muscle

c. Heel to the muscle calf

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of: a. Malignancy b. Benignancy c. Inflammation d. Rupture

c. Inflammation

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the anterior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the carpals b. Ganglion cyst typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement c. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to the touch and painful d. Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids

a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the anterior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the carpals

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a: a. Baker cyst b. Thompson cyst c. Ganglion cyst d. Lipoma

a. Baker cyst

Tendons sonographically appear as: a. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone b. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting bone to bone c. Hypoechoic, linear arrangements within hyperechoic tissue d. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

a. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscle to bone

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as: a. Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon b. A focal echogenic area within the tendon c. A diffusely heterogeneous area within the tendon d. Edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

a. Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels? a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

a. Hemangioma

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic b. A linear-array transducer should be used c. Most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad d. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: a. Pannus b. Plicae c. Septation d. Lipoma

a. Pannus

To better evaluate the Achilles tendon, the patient should be placed in what position? a. Prone b. Supine c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus

a. Prone

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as: a. Tendosynovitis b. Tendonitis c. Cellulitis d. Pannus

a. Tendosynovitis

Which of the following best describes a negative Thompson test? a. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon b. The calf is squeezed and the foot should not plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon c. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon d. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

a. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a/an: a. Arteriovenous malformation b. Deep venous thrombosis c. Knee fracture d. Ganglion cyst

b. Deep venous thrombosis

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a: a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Baker cyst d. Ganglion cyst

c. Baker cyst

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: a. Ascites b. Retroperitoneal fibrosis c. Cellulitis d. Subcutaneous edema

c. Cellulitis

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the: a. Baker cyst b. Thompson cyst c. Ganglion cyst d. Lipoma

c. Ganglion cyst

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles tendon? a. McBurney test b. McDonald test c. Thompson test d. Baker test

c. Thompson test

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? a. Fluid b. Enhancement c. Dust d. Air

d. Air

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: a. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue b. Isoechoic to surrounding tissues c. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue d. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

d. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as: a. Mirror image artifact b. Indirect artifact c. Reflective shadowing d. Refractive shadowing

d. Refractive shadowing

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging: a. Deep structures that produce acoustic enhancement b. Deep structures that produce acoustic shadowing c. Structures that produce refractive shadowing d. Superficial structures

d. Superficial structures

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles tendon except: a. The patient lies prone, with his or her feet hanging off the end of the bed b. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic Achilles tendon should be scanned for comparison c. The entire tendon should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse scan planes d. The patient is scanned in the erect position, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

d. The patient is scanned in the erect position, with a small amount of pressure places on the symptomatic side

Which of the following is true concerning patients with a lipoma? a. They often complain of pain in the area of the mass b. They are often obese c. They are only slightly tender in the area of the mass d. They feel no pain in the area of the mass

d. They feel no pain in the area of the mass

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause: a. Acoustic enhancement b. Comet-tail artifact c. Edge enhancement d. Mirror image artifact

b. Comet-tail artifact

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a. The patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion b. The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed c. The patient lies supine and performs plantarflexion d. The patient lies prone and performs dorsiflexion

b. The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

b. Lipoma

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as: a. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands b. Complex tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands c. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands d. Echogenic tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands

c. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands