chapter 14: nutrition and fluid balance

minerals

help the body function normally. many are needed daily by the body. some keep bones and teeth strong while others help maintain fluid balance. they also give the body energy and control body processes. they are found in many foods.

nutrition

how the body uses food to maintain health

lactose intolerance

inability of the body to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products

vitamin c

is important for growth and repair of body tissue

calorie balance

is the relationship between the calories obtained from food and fluids consumed and the calories used during normal body functions and physical activity.

endosperm

is the tissue within flowering plants. it surrounds and nourishes the plant embryo

fluid balance

maintaining equal input and output

grains

should make half his intake whole. there are may different types like wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, and barley. they can be divided into two groups: whole and refined. whole contain bran and germ as well as the endosperm. refined retain only the endosperm. consuming good rich in fiber reduces the risk of heart disease and other diseases and may reduce constipation.

diuretics

substances that increase urine formation and cause the body to excrete sodium, potassium, and water through the kidneys

carbohydrates

supply the body with energy and help the body use fate efficiently. They also add needed fiber to diets which helps with solid waste elimination

Vegan diet

Eliminates all poultry meats fish eggs and dairy products along with all foods that are derived from animals

lacto-vegetarian diet

Eliminates poultry meats fish and eggs but allows dairy products

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

output

fluid that is eliminated each day through urine, feces, and vomitus, as well as perspiration; also includes suctioned material and wound drainage.

dietary fiber

foods containing _______ __________ help rovide a feeling of fullness with fewer calories

lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet

Excludes all meats fish and poultry but allows eggs and dairy products

ovo-vegetarian diet

Omits all meats fish poultry and dairy products but allows eggs

diet card

Cards that list the resident's name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instructions

apathy

lack of interest

Honey thick

This consistency is similar to that of honey. It will pour out very slowly and spoons are usually use to consume these types of liquids

Cultural and ethnic, and family

____________ and ___________ background has a great impact on a persons food preferences. __________ traditions also influence food choices. Where a person if from affects his food choices as well.

fluid overload

a condition in which the body cannot eliminate the fluid consumed

graduate

a container marked with lines for measuring liquids

special diet

a diet for people who have certain illnesses or conditions; also called therapeutic or modified diet

dairy

all milk products and food made from milk that retain their calcium content, such as yogurt and cheese are part of the dairy category. most dairy group choices should be fat free or low fat. fat free or low fat milf or yogurt should be chosen more often than cheese. milk and yogurt contain less sodium than most cheeses. milk provides nutrients that are vital for the health and maintenance of the body. these nutrients include calcium potassium vitamin d and protein. fat free or low fat milf provides these nutrients without the extra calories and saturated fat. soy products enriched with calcium are an alternative to dairy foods.

proteins

are needed by every cell in the body . They help the body grow new tissue enable tissue repair and provide additional energy

Pork or shellfish

many jewish people wont don't eat ____ or _____ and do not eat mean products and dairy products at the same meal.

Modified calorie diet

A high calorie diet increases the amount of calories to a help a person gain weight. This may be necessary due to malnutrition surgery or illness. In order to lose weight a person may need to eat a low calorie diet which decreases calorie intake common abbreviations for these diets are high-cal or low-cal

vegetables and fruits

should make up half of a persons plate. they include all fresh frozen canned and dried and juices. there are five subgroups within the group organized by their nutritional content: dark greens, red and oranges, dry beans and peas, starchy and others. they are low in fat and calories and have no cholesterol and are good sources of fiber potassiumvitamin a e c b. the other also includes all fresh frozen canned and dried and 100% juices. most should be whole cut up or pureed. they are naturally low in fat sodium and calories and have no cholesterol. and are important sources of fiber and folic acid potassium and vitamin c.

6oz and 180ml

3/4cup=?oz=?ml

8oz and 240ml

1 cup =?oz=? Ml

4oz and 120ml

1/2cup=?oz=?ml

2oz and 60ml

1/4 cup= ?oz= ?ml

30ml

1oz=?ml

liquid diets

Are made up of foods that are in a liquid state at room temperature. They are usually ordered as clear or four. A clear liquid diet consist of fluids that a person can see through such as clear soups and juices. A full liquid diet includes all of the liquid steroid and a clear liquid diet with the addition of cream soups milk And ice cream. A liquid diet may be ordered for a short time due to medical condition or ordered before surgery or a diagnostic test

70

If the resident eats less than ——- % of his meal the na should report it to the nurse

Dysphagia

Illnesses such as stroke certain medications problems of the mouth and throat muscles weakness and food choices are some causes of this. Also problems with teeth and dentures also put person at risk for swallowing problems. The lack of proper oral care can affect the ability to eat or drink safely.

Bland diet

In this diet foods that irritate the stomach and digestive tracks are eliminated. These include spicy foods citrus juices caffeinated beverages and alcohol. Some people must also avoid dairy products. This diet is used for people who have intestinal problems or conditions such as Crohn's disease or gastric ulcers

Hi residue or high fiber diet

Increases the intake a fiber and whole grains such as whole-grain cereals bread and raw fruits and vegetables. This diet helps with problems such as Bowel disorders constipation and other gastrointestinal illness

Soft diet and mechanical soft diet

It is a soft and texture and consist of soft foods that are easier to chew and swallow. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow such as raw fruits and vegetables and some meats are illuminated or restricted. High-fiber foods fried foods and spicy foods may also be limited to help with digestion. The diet is often used for people who are making the transition from a liquid diet to a regular diet. It is also used for people who are recovering from surgery or a long illness or who have dental problems or extreme weakness. The other get his name from Whole Foods are prepared such as with lenders food processors meat grinders or cutting utensils. These items are used to chop or Blend foods to make them easier to chew and swallow. Unlike the other diet this diet does not limit spices fat and fiber. Only the texture of food is changed. For example meats can be ground and moistened with sauces or water to eat swallowing. This diet is these are people recovering from surgery who have difficulty swallowing or have dental problems

pureed diet

Means to blend or grind it into a thick paste. This consistency means the food should be thick enough to hold its form in the mouth but it does not need to be chewed. The Diet is used for people who have trouble chewing and swallowing and who cannot tolerate regular or mechanical soft diet

Diabetic diet

People with diabetes must be careful about what they eat. Calories and carbohydrates are carefully controlled and protein and fats are also regulated. The foods in the amounts are determined by nutritional and energy needs. A registered dietitian and the resident will make up a meal plan including snacks that would include all the right types and amounts of food for each day.Give me a plan may use a carbohydrate counting approach. After the proper amount of carbohydrates is determined by the dietitian they need to be counted in each meal or snack. Nutrition labels need to be read paying attention to serving size and carbohydrate content. Food portions may need to be measured. Resident who have diabetes must eat the right amount of the right type of food at the right time and eat everything that is served. This is necessary to maintain blood sugar. The na should encourage them to eat all of their meals and snacks and should not offer other food without the nurses approval. If a resident is not following a diet does not finish meals and snacks or throws food away the end The na should notify the nurse immediately. Diabetic should avoid foods that are high in sugar. Sugary foods can cause problems with insulin balance. A meal tray for resident with diabetes may have artificial sweetener low calorie jelly and or low-calorie maple syrup. Artificial sweeteners may be using coffee or tea rather than sugar.

Fluid restricted diet

People with severe heart disease and kidney disease may have trouble processing fluid. Do you event for the damage doctors may restrict fluid intake. For resident on fluid restrictions the nursing assistant will need to measure and document the amount of fluid consumed and eliminated.

Low sodium diet

Salt is restricted. For residence on this diet salt shakers or salt packets should not be on a meal tray. Condiments with high concentrations of salt including Worcestershire barbecue chili steak and soy sauces ketchup and mustard maybe restricted as well. This type of diet is often used for people who have heart disease or kidney disease.common abbreviations are low na( sodium)or NAS (no added salt)

Nectar thick

Similar to afruit nectar or other thicker juices such as tomato juice. Resident can drink this from a cup with or without a straw

Pudding thick

There's consistency is semi salad much like the consistency of pudding. Spoon will stand up straight when put into this thinking liquid. Spoons are used to consume thess liquids

Low-fat/low cholesterol diet

This diet consist of low fat and low cholesterol foods. Some example of these foods include skim milk low-fat cottage cheese white meat turkey and chicken and fish. People who have heart disease and artery problems are often placed on this diet. This diet is also used for people who have gallbladder or liver disease. A common abbreviation for this diet is this diet consists of low fat and low cholesterol foods. Some example of these foods include skim milk low-fat cottage cheese white meat of turkey and chicken and fish. People who have heart disease and artery problems are often placed on this diet. This diet is also used for people who have gallbladder or liver disease. A common abbreviation for this diet is low-fat/low-chol

Low residue or low fiber diet

This diet decreases the intake of fiber grains seeds raw fruits and vegetables and other foods such as dairy and coffee. This diet is used for people with bowel disorders such as diverticulitis

High potassium diet

This diet increases foods that are high in potassium. Such as bananas grapefruit oranges orange juice prune juice prunes dried apricots figs raisins dates cantaloupes tomatoes potatoes with skins sweet potatoes and yams winter squash legumes avocados and unsalted nuts. People who take diuretics or blood pressure medication may be placed on his diet. Because diuretics increase your output a person may have low potassium level

High protein diet

This diet increases high-protein foods such as meat Fish cheese and food with added proteins such as protein milk shakes. This day is used for people recovering from surgery and for healing serious wounds such as Burns

Vegetarian diet

This diet maybe need to do to a medical condition or health problems such as diabetes obesity or it's simply may be a persons choice not to eat meat due to cultural ethical person or religious reasons

Lactose-free diet

This diet means that all products with lactose must be eliminated. These include milk and all food or beverages made with milk. Other types of milk may be allowed such as lactose free milk or soy milk among others

Gluten free diet

This site is free of protein called gluten which is found in wheat rye and barley. It is used for people with celiac disease which is a disorder that can cause damage to the intestines if gluten is consumed. Foods containing wheat flour are eliminated from a diet. Examples of food normally containing wheat include tortillas crackers bread cakes pasta and cereals. Some sauces and dressing also have wheat in them. Other items that may contain gluten include beer hotdogs candy broth and medications. Addition vitamins lipsticks and lip balm's may have gluten in them. Unlike celiac disease gluten intolerance is a condition that does not cause damage to the intestines. It does however cause unpleasant symptoms such as

Low protein diet

With this diet protein is decreased foods like vegetables and starches such as bread cereals and pasta are encouraged. This diet is often used for people who have kidney or liver disease. Protein is restricted because the body cannot use the protein properly and it may lead to further damage of the organs. Protein is never completely eliminated from the diet though because the body needs protein to function

64 ounces

You should drink at least ——— ounces of water per day

folic acid

________ _____________ helps the body form red blood cells

Thickened liquids

____________ _________ move down the throat more slowly reducing coughing and limiting the risk of choking

restrict fluids

a medical order that limits the amount of fluids a person takes in to the level set by a doctor

force fluids

a medical order to encourage a person to drink more fluids

nutrient

a necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism

fasting

a period of time during which food is given up voluntarily

fats

are a good source of energy. They also give flavor to food. It falls into four categories: saturated, trans, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated. Saturated and trans can increase cholesterol levels and the risk of some diseases, like cardiovascular disease. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated can be helpful in the diet and can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes.

vitamins

are substances that are needed by the body to function. the body does not make most ; they can be obtained by eating certain foods. Some are fat-soluble, meaning they are carried and stored in body fat, like ADEK. others are water-soluble meaning they are broken down by water in the body and cannot by stored. they are eliminated through urine and feces like BC.

protein

myplate guidelines emphasize the importance of eating a variety of these foods every week. meat poultry seafood and eggs beans peas soy nuts and seeds. seafood should be eaten twice a week in place of meat or poultry and seafood that is higher in oils and low in mercury such as salmon or trout is a better choice. lean meats and poultry as well as eggs and egg whites can be eaten on a regular basis. a person should eat plant based items more often. beans and peas soy products nuts and seeds are low in saturated fat and high in fiber. some nuts and seeds are excellent sources of essential fatty acids which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. sunflower seeds and almonds are good sources of vitamin e

glucose

natural sugar

vegetarians

people who do not eat meat, fish, or poultry and may or may not eat eggs and dairy products

Dietary department

the ________ is responsible for providing nutritious meals and snacks to all the residents. each resident is evaluated upon arrival in order to create his diet plan. the department creates food to match the diet ordered by the doctor, while taking into consideration the residents likes and dislikes and nutritional needs. they also prepare the food and prepares diet cards.

intake

the fluid a person consumes; also called input

input

the fluid a person consumes; also called intake

malnutrition

the lack of proper nutrition that results from insufficient food intake or an improper diet

water

the most essential nutrient for life; it is needed by every ell in the body. helps move oxygen and other nutrients into the cells and remove the waste products from each of the cells. Without it, a person can only live a few days. helps with digestion and absorption of food. IT helps to maintain a normal body temperature through perspiration. Keeping enough fluid in the body is necessary for health.

metabolism

the process of breaking down and transforming all nutrients that enter the body to provide energy growth and maintenance

puree

to blend or grind food into a thick paste

vegans

vegetarians who do not eat any animals or animal products, including milk, cheese, other dairy items, or eggs; vegans may also choose not to use or wear any animal products