Chapter 14 section 1 and section 2

What is a ghetto

many stayed in cities and took jobs in factories. They lived in ethnic neighborhoods, called ghettos large cities such as New York, San Francisco, and Chicago had huge immigrant population by 1890

Melting pot

where __white_________ people of different nationalities blended to create a ___single _________ culture.

Tenements

which usually were unhealthy and dangerous because they had few windows and little sanitation.

What are some examples of pull factors

- the us offered inexpensive western farmland as well as employment - many so called "chain immigrants" joined family already in the us - religious and political freedom existed in America

What are some examples of push factors

-farmers where pressured by land reforms and low prices - revolution and war disrupted - economic and left political refugees - religious persecution forced many to flee violence

What did immigrants have to do once in America

-find a home - find a job -learn to speak English -learn new customs

How was getting into America for immigrants

After the long journey the steerage passengers were processed at stations, such as Ellis Island In New York harbor There officers conducted legal and medical inspections. Only 2 percent of immigrants were denied entry into the Us Some Chinese immigrants were detained at Angle Island for weeks or months in poor conditions They waited to see if they would be allowed to stay in the US Chinese and Asian immigrants crossing the Pacific were processed at Angle Island in San Francisco Bay. Many Chinese were turned away

Where were Immigration station in San Francisco Bay

Angle island

Exclude

Asian immigrants who became a target of social and legal discrimination

In 1900 32 percent of Americans lived where

Cities

How did cities respond to threats, fires, and crime

Cities responded to the threats of fire and crime with professional firefighting teams, uniformed city police forces, and new electric streetlights. Despite the peacekeeping efforts of police, conflicts between different racial groups, classes, and neighborhoods remained

The space in cities set aside for

Cities set aside space for heavy industry, financial institutions, homes, and public spaces such as libraries and government buildings.

What challenges did city dwellers face and how did that overcome them

City dwellers faced the noise, dirt, and crime of the cities, the hardships of factory work, and the overcrowded, dangerous conditions of tenements. Governments and city planners tried to alleviate dangerous conditions and make cities better, safer places to live.

Safety elevators

Elevators that would not fall even if the lifting rope broke.

Where were Immigration station in New York Harbor

Elis island

Why did immigrants come to the United States, and what impact did they have on society?

Immigrants came to the U.S. for religious and political freedom, for economic opportunities, and to escape wars. Immigrants adopted parts of American culture, and Americans adopted parts of immigrant cultures. The foreign-born population of the U.S. nearly doubled between 1870 and 1900. In the 1870s, fear grew that "new" immigrants would destroy American culture. In the late 1840's and 1950's, German and Irish Catholics immigrated to the `United States Despite prejudice against Catholics, their children were often able to blend into American society

How did immigrants get to the us

Immigrants usually brought what they could carry. They traveled by steamship in steerage___________, where conditions were __crowded ______________ and ___illness____________ spread quickly.

How did Boston solve the problem of traffic congestion

In 1897, Boston solved this problem by building the nation's first subway system, and New York City followed suit in 1904.

What where American cities the centers of

Manufacturing and transportation centers

Rapid population growth caused many problems what are some

Many neighborhoods became overcrowded. Some poor workers lived in crowded tenements, which usually were unhealthy and dangerous because they had few windows and little sanitation.

Frederick Law Olmsted

Parks were also important to plan for. Frederick Law Olmsted designed many well-known parks, including New York City's Central Park.

Mass transit

Reshaped the nation's cities In 1888, Richmond, Virginia started using streetcars powered by overhead electric cables. •Within a decade, every other major city followed. •Electric streetcars were quieter, cleaner, and more efficient than coal-driven commuter trains or horse-drawn trolleys.

In 1860 most Americans lived where

Rural areas

Where did most immigrants in the 1900 come from and whaat percent did this make up

Southern and Eastern Europe made up 70 percent of all immigrants. This was up from 1 percent in the mid-1800s.

Skyscrapers

Steel-frame buildings ten stories or taller, built because there was limited room left on the ground.

Mass transit made it possible for middle- and upper-class people to move to the

Suburbs

How did cities grew

Surge of people caused cities to grow in many ways both good and bad •Subways •Skyscrapers •Smog •Slums •Suburbs - residential communities surrounding cities •Automobiles •Department stores and retail shops •Banks and government offices

Central heating systems

Systems made to carry heat to all parts of a building.

Where were cities located (most)

The cities were clustered in the Northeast, on the Pacific Coast, and along the waterways of the Midwest.

What are some details about African Americans and how they moved

The majority of African Americans stayed in southern cities. •But African American migrants paved the way for a much larger migration after World War I.

Why do immigrants held onto their transitions

They established their own fraternal lodges, schools, and religious institutions such as churches. Immigrant children however become more Americanized.

How did immigrants transform American society

They fueled industrial growth They helped rebuild the railroads and worked i factories, mills, and mines Their traditions became part of American culture Increasingly, they became active in labor unions and politics and they demanded reforms

What are some reasons that people moved to cities

To seize opportunities Immigrants and rural Americans were attracted by jobs in factories or service industries. People with money opened shops. Women's opportunities dramatically expanded. They could work in factories, take in boarders, or be domestic servants.

Cities had filthy, unpaved streets and sanitation problems, conditions perfect for breeding epidemics. What solved these problems

To solve these problems, governments and city planners tried to regulate housing, sanitation, sewers, and public health. •They began to take water from clean reservoirs and to use water filtration systems.

What was this period the beginning of

Upsurge in American urbanization that brought changes to the country

What are new immigrants

Were mainly Catholics or Jews from Southern and Eastern Europe •Sometimes came alone, usually to settle in cities •Were often poor and unskilled

What are old immigrants

Were mainly Protestants from Northern and Western Europe •Came as families to settle on farms with family members or friends •Had money, a skill or trade, or an education

What are some reasons people preferred the cities over the country Side

Workers' children could attend city schools. •Churches, theaters, social clubs, and museums offered companionship and entertainment. •Most city workers were able to enjoy a higher standard of living, and some moved into the growing middle class.

Fraternal

___associations ______________ based on ethnic or religious identity- which provided social services and financial assistance

What are push factors

for immigration are those that compel people to leave their homes.

Traffic congestion

often kept streetcars from running on schedule.

Americanization

programs to help recent immigrants learn English and adopt American dress and diet.

Chinese exclusion act

prohibited immigrants by Chinese laborers, limited the rights of Chinese immigrants in the US and forbade the naturalization Chinese residents -Congress passed another law that prohibited the immigration of anyone who was a criminal, a pauper, immoral, or likely to need public assistance.

What caused Immigrants often dealt with "nativism" and hostility from native-born white Americans.

religious differences sparked suspicion among groups Competition for jobs and housing led to division and prejudices

What are suburbs?

residential areas surrounding a city

What are pull factors

those that attract them to a new place.

What are some details about immigrants, farmers, and immigrants from the rural west and how they moved

•They were attracted by economic opportunities. •Many moved because it was increasingly difficult to make a living on a farm. •It was hard for farmers to work on rigid schedules in crowded factories.