Chapter 14 test

You smell fresh baked cookies, and your mouth begins to salivate. Which cranial nerves are involved? Select all that apply

-A -I -G

The hypothalamus affects which functions in the body? Select all that apply

-Body temperature -Emotional behavior -Hunger and thirst -Control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system -Reflexes related to smell

Damage to which of the cranial nerves in the diagram would result in strabismus? Select all that apply

-F -C -D

Which cranial nerves in the diagram innervate the tongue? Select all that apply

-K -I -E -G

Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function? Select all that apply.

-Primary somatosensory area- proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain -Primary motor area- voluntary muscle contraction

The adult brain consists of what four major regions? Select all that apply.

-cerebrum -cerebellum -brainstem -diencephalon

The right hemisphere exhibits greater activity for which functions? Select all that apply

-facial recognition -odor identification

A gymnast on a balance beam would activate what areas of the medulla oblongata? Select all that apply

-inferior olivary nucleus -gracile nucleus -vestibular nuclei -pyramids

The basal nuclei are formed from which masses of gray matter? Select all that apply

-putamen -globus pallidus -caudate nucleus

Which of the following branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve terminate in the nuclei of the pons?

-sensory branches of Opthalmic nerve -sensory branches of Mandibular nerve -sensory branches of Maxillary nerve

Which cranial nerves innervate only one eye muscle? Select all that apply

-trochlea (IV) nerve -abducens (VI) nerve

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment 2. Maintain pH homeostasis 3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/waste 4. Serve as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord 5. Provide buoyancy of the brain

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Anosmia may result from head injuries in which the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is fractured. This condition results in impaired function of which cranial nerve in the diagram?

A

Which type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping?

Alpha waves

A common type of disabling senile dementia that results in progressive loss of intellectual ability, is called

Alzheimer disease

A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. These symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain?

Amygdala

Cerebrospinal fluid passes through what structure in the midbrain as it moves from the third to the fourth ventricle?

Aqueduct of the midbrain

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed through these fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses

Arachnoid villi

In this diagram injury to which are would affect sensory impulses reaching the cerebral cortex?

B

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

Brainstem

Frontal lobe damage left an individual unable to speak. What area was specifically damaged?

Broca's area

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words?

Broca's area

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball and an autonomic function involved in iris muscle contraction?

C

The periosteal and meningeal layer are part of the

Cranial dura mater

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?

D

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus?

Diencephalon

In this diagram which major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum?

E

The maxillary branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram would be anesthetized by dentists for upper jaw work?

E

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause the inability of an eyeball to move laterally beyond the midpoint?

F

Which portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance?

Flocculonodular lobe

Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid within the aqueduct of midbrain would result in the swelling of all ventricular spaces EXCEPT the

Fourth ventricle

Left side face paralysis could result from damage to which nerve in the diagram?

G

During a firework celebration, a firework exploded next to a technician's ear, resulting in hearing loss. What nerve was damaged?

H

Eating disorders may lead to extreme thirst and temperature variations. These symptoms may describe a dysfunction in the

Hypothalamus

Spinocerebellar tract axons carry sensory information into the cerebellum by the

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A lesion on which structure would affect the acoustic "startle reflex"?

Inferior colliculus

Which cranial nerve in the diagram is involved with speech and swallowing and has a purely motor function?

K

Which portion of the ventricular system is located in the cerebral hemisphere?

Lateral ventricle

An individual cannot feel tactile sensation on the right side of the face. A lesion could be in which brainstem region?

Pons

Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group that help control breathing?

Pons

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for perception of touch, coldness and warmth?

Primary somatosensory area

The left cerebellar hemisphere receives information from the ______ cerebral hemisphere. This type of input is considered _____.

Right contralateral

A patient with Wernicke's aphasia would exhibit what issues upon examination?

Slow, non-fluent speech devoid of meaning

A child riding a bike falls and hits their head. The child was not wearing a helmet. In the emergency room, cerebrospinal fluid taken during a spinal tap reveals blood. The doctors diagnosed the child had torn cerebral veins as they pass to the superior sagittal sinus. What area of the body was the fluid taken?

Subarachnoid space

Which region of the brain is separated by the third ventricle and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

Thalamus

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?

Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain

Which cranial nerve is associated with nuclei in both the medulla oblongata and pons?

VIII

Damage to which cranial nerve may result in death?

Vagus

Damaging which cranial nerve could decrease gastrointestinal secretions?

Vagus

An infant has hydrocephalus. The CSF could not get out of the third ventricle. What passage was blocked?

aqueduct of midbrain

Which are areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere that are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements?

basal nuclei

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

beta waves

Infections may spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges along olfactory nerves. These fibers travel from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb through the

cribiform plate

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called

delta waves

The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube

ectodermal

Facial movement is primarily controlled by ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is primarily determined by ____ nerve.

facial; trigeminal

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____, and the lateral fissure separates the _____.

frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; temporal lobe from frontal lobe

Folia are to ___ , as arbor vitae are to ___.

gyri; tracts

Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of

hemispheric lateralization

Damage to which portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory?

hippocampus

Which lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface?

insula

Blood flows to the brain through the _____ arteries and away from the brain through the _____ veins.

internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular

Damage to this nucleus would affect input from the limbic system, superior colliculi and cerebral cortex affecting the ability to express emotions

lateral dorsal nucleus

A stroke patient has a lesion on their trigeminal ophthalmic branch. Which symptom would the patient exhibit?

loss of pain, temperature and touch sensation

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by

neurons in the cerebral cortex

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?

oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

A patient shows no effect when a light shines in the right eye, but shining a light into the left eye causes both pupils (right and left) to constrict. This could be caused by a lesion on the ______ nerve

optic

A baseball player is hit by a line drive on the temporal area of his skull. At the hospital the doctors give a CT scan which shows an accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, creating pressure on the cerebrum. The hemorrhage from the fracture would be located in which space?

subdural space

All of the cranial nerves listed exit the cranium by bony openings in front of the petrous portion

trigeminal