Chapter 15-20 Research Methods

Ch 17: Determinants of disease are often called

risk factors

Ch 19: The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of

sorting and categorizing

Ch 18: The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?

Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?

Ch 17: Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called

confounding factors

Ch 18: In a research study in which the treatment involved quite intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called

experimental mortality

Ch 19: An important advantage of the qualitative method is that

it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem

Ch 19: The qualitative researcher typically

studies a small number of participants

Ch 16: A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it

does not manipulate variables and hence cannot establish cause and effect

Ch 16: Which of the following is the most unobtrusive technique for measuring student interest in reading?

Count how often students check out books from the library.

Ch 15: Consider the following questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" What rule regarding item construction does it violate?

Do not use items that have two or more separate ideas in the same item.

Ch 18: A baseline in single subject research

Establishes initial rates of behavior before an intervention.

Ch 15: Scaled responses to questionnaire items such as strongly agree, agree, no opinion, and so on are referred to as ________ scale items.

Likert-type

Ch 17: A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-free population who are then classified as exercisers and nonexercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. This design is called a(n)

cohort study

Ch 18: "To what populations, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variables can this effect be generalized?" might most appropriately be asked in relation to

external validity

Ch 19: A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called

focus groups

Ch 19: In comparison to survey interviews, qualitative interviews tend to be

less structured

Ch 16: A researcher wishes to study a group of children over a period of 10 years beginning in 2016 and ending in 2025. This is an example of a ________ study.

longitudinal

Ch 20: Doing a mixed-methods study requires

more expertise than is required for two separate studies

Ch 18: A double-blind experiment is one in which

neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment

Ch 15: A researcher tests the knowledge that 10,000 school children from the southwestern United States have about nutrition, and the scores are transformed into percentiles by grade level. This type of research is a ________ survey study.

normative

Ch 16: A major limitation in the use of video-recording in observational research is its

obtrusiveness

Ch 15: Which of the following are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study?

open-ended items

Ch 18: A pretest of knowledge about microcomputers is given to a group of students 5 minutes prior to a film on the subject. A posttest given 10 minutes after the film shows a 10-point gain from the pretest. The researcher concludes that the film produced the gain. Which of the following is likely the threat to internal validity?

testing

Ch 17: The major weakness of epidemiological studies is

the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect