Chapter 15
103) Which of the following is an example of the catastrophizing that sometimes accompanies anxiety disorders? A) "If I make a mistake during our routine, no one else in the band will ever speak with me again." B) "If she doesn't want to go to the dance with me, I'll just ask someone else." C) "I sure hope that this storm isn't strong enough for there to be a tornado." D) "I've never had to work so hard in my life just to make a C in a class."
A) "If I make a mistake during our routine, no one else in the band will ever speak with me again."
26) What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that results from a perceived insult and is followed by a period of brooding and then a violent outburst during which the person may attack others and not remember doing so? A) Amok B) Ghost sickness C) Susto D) Kyofu
A) Amok
120) What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity? A) Bipolar disorder B) Seasonal affective disorder C) Major depressive disorder D) A manic episode
A) Bipolar disorder
25) The disorder or culture-bound syndrome in which men fear that their penis is shrinking is primarily found in which country? A) China B) Sri Lanka C) Malaysia D) Subarctic Canada
A) China
23) Which of the following is a diagnosis rather than a label? A) Depersonalization disorder B) Drapetomania C) Road rage disorder D) Codependency
A) Depersonalization disorder
184) Research indicates that some people's schizophrenia may result from abnormalities in the brain's receptor sites for what neurotransmitter? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Epinephrine D) GABA
A) Dopamine
121) According to the authors, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Gender differences in depression are not universal. B) Men in North America are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression. C) Men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression. D) Gender differences in depression are found throughout all cultures.
A) Gender differences in depression are not universal.
177) Feeling insects crawling on your skin (when none are really there) or hearing voices (when no one is around or no one is talking to you) would be examples of what symptom of schizophrenia? A) Hallucinations B) Obsessions C) Compulsions D) Delusions
A) Hallucinations
124) Kevan used to study diligently for exams in all of his high school classes and begin working on writing projects immediately after they were assigned. However, no matter what he did, he could never score higher than C or C+. What prediction would the behavioural model make about Kevan's behaviour today as a college student? A) Kevan may begin to give up working so hard because of the lack of a payoff for his efforts. B) Kevan will eventually drop out of college because of his poor performance. C) Kevan will continue to study diligently and work hard in his classes. D) Kevan's behaviour cannot be adequately predicted from his past experiences.
A) Kevan may begin to give up working so hard because of the lack of a payoff for his efforts.
147) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding suicide? A) More women than men attempt suicide. B) There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide. C) Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness. D) More men than women attempt suicide.
A) More women than men attempt suicide.
194) Randy has a grandiose sense of himself, fantasizes about being powerful and successful, lacks empathy for others, and has a need for constant attention and admiration from others. What type of personality disorder is Randy MOST likely to have? A) Narcissistic personality disorder B) Borderline personality disorder C) Antisocial personality disorder D) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
94) Sierra is constantly worried that everyone whom she comes in contact with is full of germs so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands. Sierra suffers from what psychological disorder? A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder B) Social phobia C) Paranoid schizophrenia D) Clinical depression
A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
188) What category of psychological disorders is characterized by inflexible and maladaptive behavioural patterns? A) Personality disorders B) Schizophrenia C) Dissociative disorders D) Anxiety disorders
A) Personality disorders
115) Which of the following forms of depression, which develops within a month of childbirth, has become more widely discussed in recent years? A) Postpartum depression B) Major depressive disorder C) Seasonal affective disorder D) Bipolar disorder
A) Postpartum depression
86) What anxiety disorder became a psychological disorder shortly after veterans, returning from Vietnam, began to experience intense anxiety and flashbacks from stimuli that reminded them of the war zones where they were deployed? A) Posttraumatic stress disorder B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder C) Panic disorder D) Generalized anxiety disorder
A) Posttraumatic stress disorder
79) Which of the following types of anxiety disorders is related to a history of shyness in childhood? A) Social phobia B) Panic disorder C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder D) Agoraphobia
A) Social phobia
19) In a condition called _______, some residents in Central Canada report a morbid fear of becoming a cannibal. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Brain fog D) Mal de Ojo
A) Windigo
99) The behavioural perspective views anxiety as A) a learned reaction. B) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface. C) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes. D) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system.
A) a learned reaction.
146) According to the data, the single best predictor of suicide is A) a previous attempt. B) loss of a loved one. C) recent discharge from the hospital. D) unemployment.
A) a previous attempt.
73) Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called A) agoraphobia. B) trypanophobia. C) acrophobia. D) pantaphobia.
A) agoraphobia.
29) Jenny's son received his mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine approximately six months ago. Shortly after his 2nd birthday, she noted that he is showing many of the classic signs of autism. Her belief that the vaccine caused his autism is A) an example of illusory correlation. B) supported by several scientific studies. C) an example of confirmation bias. D) an example of hindsight bias.
A) an example of illusory correlation.
92) George is suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviours, he is likely to experience A) anxiety. B) depression. C) amnesia. D) hypochondrias.
A) anxiety.
181) The research data suggest that schizophrenia results from A) biological/genetic causes. B) difficulties in learning. C) troubles in filtering information from one's social world. D) poor mother-child relationships.
A) biological/genetic causes.
101) Sandy has the tendency to make everything seem so much worse than it actually is. A cognitive therapist might say that Sandy has a tendency to engage in A) catastrophizing. B) minimizing. C) all-or-nothing thinking. D) overgeneralizing.
A) catastrophizing.
15) The ______________model is to evil spirits as the _____________ model is to physical disorder. A) demonic; medical B) medical; demonic C) institutional; asylum D) asylum; institutional
A) demonic; medical
200) Kaden often spends parts of each day either drinking or obtaining beer and liquor so he can drink later after work. He also has stopped attending any of his classes on a regular basis, is sometimes late for work or goes to work hung over, and frequently drinks more than he has intended to before he started drinking. Kaden could be diagnosed as A) dependent on alcohol. B) abusing alcohol. C) socially anxious. D) depressed.
A) dependent on alcohol.
157) The police find a man who is dishevelled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 1000 kilometres away. The man is most likely suffering from A) dissociative fugue. B) dissociative amnesia. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.
A) dissociative fugue.
201) According to the data, illegal drug use peaks in A) early adulthood. B) middle adulthood. C) adolescence. D) older adulthood.
A) early adulthood.
130) According to the cognitive model of depression, one's negative beliefs develop as the result of A) failure and rejection. B) deficient levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. C) excessive levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. D) the loss of positive reinforcement.
A) failure and rejection.
72) In her autobiography, It Ain't About Cookin', Paula Deen discusses her battle with agoraphobia, which causes her to A) fear being in a place where escape was difficult or embarrassing. B) experience unexpected panic attacks. C) engage in repetitive behaviours to make anxiety provoking thoughts disappear. D) have sleep difficulties
A) fear being in a place where escape was difficult or embarrassing.
106) Research has shown that persons who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder have more active ________ lobes than persons without the disorder. A) frontal B) temporal C) occipital D) parietal
A) frontal
178) Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as A) hallucinations. B) obsessions. C) compulsions. D) delusions.
A) hallucinations.
133) Mr. Evans feels that no matter what he does, he will be unable to convince his boss that he deserves a promotion. He also feels that it doesn't matter who his boss is, he still would not receive a promotion. These feelings represent what Martin Seligmann called A) learned helplessness. B) depressive realism. C) illusory control. D) overgeneralization.
A) learned helplessness.
109) Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and feelings about one's self-worth characterize A) major depressive disorder. B) social anxiety. C) schizophrenia. D) agoraphobia.
A) major depressive disorder.
98) Behavioural theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of A) negative reinforcement. B) positive punishment. C) positive reinforcement. D) negative punishment.
A) negative reinforcement.
105) High levels of _____________ tend to be associated with excessive worry, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression, suggesting a shared genetic pathway for these disorders. A) neuroticism B) anxiety sensitivity C) introversion D) self-monitoring
A) neuroticism
88) During the day, Barb suffers from frequent, unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken. These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n) A) obsession. B) compulsion. C) delusion. D) hallucination.
A) obsession.
90) Intruding thoughts that occur again and again are called A) obsessions. B) compulsions. C) checklists. D) rituals.
A) obsessions.
89) A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behaviour meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) social phobia. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) clinical depression.
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
93) Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) social phobia. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) clinical depression.
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
161) The preponderance of the available data suggests that dissociative identity disorder is A) one's expectancies and beliefs rather than a true disorder in nearly all instances. B) the result of early childhood sexual abuse experiences. C) unconscious and unresolved motivational conflicts from adolescence. D) an attempt to malinger symptoms to avoid imprisonment for one's crimes.
A) one's expectancies and beliefs rather than a true disorder in nearly all instances.
69) Demetri is walking down the street and suddenly experiences a bout of intense fear, sweating, dizziness, shortness of breath, and a pounding heart. He goes to the emergency room and is told that his symptoms were "all in his head". This is the seventh time that Demetri has experienced these unexpected symptoms within the past few months. Based on what you know about psychological disorders, Demetri MOST likely would be diagnosed with A) panic disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) agoraphobia. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A) panic disorder.
76) Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a A) phobia. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) panic attack. D) panic disorder.
A) phobia.
183) Delusions are to ____________ as flat affect is to _____________. A) positive symptoms; negative symptoms B) negative symptoms; positive symptoms C) excess dopamine; excess serotonin D) diminished serotonin; diminished dopamine
A) positive symptoms; negative symptoms
85) Victims of sexual assault may experience strong stress reactions, intense anxiety, and flashbacks to their attacks from environmental cues that remind them of being attacked and helpless. If these become frequent, intense, and debilitating, the person may be diagnosed as suffering from A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) panic disorder. C) social phobia. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
163) Dissociative identity disorder is caused by a history of severe abuse according to the ____________ model, and by expectancies and beliefs about the therapeutic process according to the ____________ model. A) posttraumatic; sociocognitive B) behavioural; humanistic C) psychoanalytic; behavioural D) humanistic; behavioural
A) posttraumatic; sociocognitive
80) People who have a(n) ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. A) social phobia B) panic disorder C) specific phobia D) agoraphobia
A) social phobia
77) A strong intense fear of being in public or performing behaviours in public is characteristic of A) social phobia. B) panic disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) agoraphobia.
A) social phobia.
81) An anxiety disorder that involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation is called A) social phobia. B) panic disorder. C) specific phobia D) agoraphobia.
A) social phobia.
82) Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of A) social phobias. B) panic. C) specific phobias. D) nonspecific phobias.
A) social phobias.
36) The DSM-IV has 17 different classes of disorders, and includes all of the following EXCEPT A) somatoform disorders. B) factitious disorders. C) insanity disorders. D) adjustment disorders.
A) somatoform disorders.
74) Fear of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ______ phobias. A) specific B) social C) nonspecific D) nonsocial
A) specific
75) An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called A) specific phobia. B) an interactive phobia. C) acrophobia. D) pantaphobia.
A) specific phobia.
78) An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called A) specific phobia. B) an interactive phobia. C) acrophobia. D) pantaphobia.
A) specific phobia.
37) The prevalence of a disorder refers to A) the percentage of persons who exhibit the symptoms of a particular disorder. B) its accuracy or correctness as a diagnosis of a real mental illness. C) the agreement among professional about a diagnosis for a specific patient or client. D) the popularity of a diagnosis among different types of mental health professionals.
A) the percentage of persons who exhibit the symptoms of a particular disorder.
50) The likelihood of experiencing a mental disorder at some point in your lifetime is roughly A) 55%. B) 45%. C) 35%. D) 25%.
B) 45%.
185) The risk of developing schizophrenia increases to approximately ___ percent if we have an identical twin with schizophrenia. A) 25 B) 50 C) 75 D) 100
B) 50
51) Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders. If you were a student in that class, what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders? A) Dissociative disorders B) Anxiety disorders C) Personality disorders D) Schizophrenia
B) Anxiety disorders
84) Which type of phobia is associated with an abrupt decrease in heart rate and blood pressure? A) Agoraphobia B) Blood-injury phobia C) Social phobia D) Arachnophobia
B) Blood-injury phobia
96) ____________ are repetitive behaviours or mental acts initiated to reduce anxiety caused by ____________. A) Obsessions; compulsions B) Compulsions; obsessions C) Panic attacks; generalized anxiety D) Generalized anxiety; panic attacks
B) Compulsions; obsessions
172) The belief that one is Abraham Lincoln is an example of what schizophrenic symptom? A) Disorganized thinking B) Delusion C) Obsession D) Hallucination
B) Delusion
112) ________________ disorder involves frequent experiences where you feel detached from yourself, as though you are living in a movie or a dream, or observing your body from the perspective of an outsider. A) Dissociative amnesia B) Depersonalization C) Dissociative fugue D) Dissociative identity
B) Depersonalization
176) Monte often displays either flat or inappropriate affect, giggles unpredictably, speaks in a manner that reflects "word salad" and experiences only short-lived and incoherent delusions. What subtype of schizophrenia does Monte have? A) Paranoid type B) Disorganized type C) Catatonic type D) Undifferentiated type
B) Disorganized type
148) What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's unified sense of identity? A) Anxiety disorders B) Dissociative disorders C) Schizophrenia D) Personality disorders
B) Dissociative disorders
150) Which of the types of psychological disorders is marked by disruptions in one's sense of consciousness and/or memory? A) Schizophrenia B) Dissociative disorders C) Anxiety disorders D) Personality disorders
B) Dissociative disorders
193) Nicole is attention seeking, overemotional, dramatic, shallow, seductive and suggestible. What type of personality disorder is Nicole MOST likely to have? A) Borderline personality disorder B) Histrionic personality disorder C) Narcissistic personality disorder D) Dependent personality disorder
B) Histrionic personality disorder
13) Which of the following behaviours used to be considered a mental illness, and was used to support the view that mental illness is nothing more than conditions that society dislikes? A) Pedophilia B) Homosexuality C) Racism D) Sexual addictions
B) Homosexuality
58) When Bob noticed a pain in his thigh, he was convinced it was a sign of bone cancer. Although X-rays revealed no sign of cancer, Bob sought the opinions of a dozen other physicians who agreed with the original opinion. What psychological disorder might Bob's behaviour indicate? A) Dissociative disorder B) Hypochondriasis C) Conversion disorder D) Schizophrenia
B) Hypochondriasis
199) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV symptom of substance dependence? A) Tolerance B) Interaction with the law C) Withdrawal D) Important activities given up because of drugs
B) Interaction with the law
17) In a condition called _______, some Malaysian residents report (chiefly in women) an extreme startle reaction, followed by a loss of control, cursing, and mimicking of others' actions and speech. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Ataque de nervios D) Mal de Ojo
B) Latah
21) In a condition called _______, Malaysian residents speak of women who report an extreme startle reaction, followed by a loss of control, cursing, and mimicking of others' actions and speech. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Brain fog D) Mal de Ojo
B) Latah
127) Which of the following is NOT part of Beck's cognitive triad of depressed thinking? A) Negative views of oneself B) Negative views of others C) Negative views of one's experiences D) Negative views of the future
B) Negative views of others
71) Which type of anxiety disorder is the most common? A) Panic disorder B) Phobias C) Posttraumatic stress disorder D) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobias
53) Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? A) Conversion disorder B) Phobic disorder C) Bipolar disorder D) Schizophrenia
B) Phobic disorder
116) Suppose that the treatment recommended for a patient at the mental health clinic is phototherapy. What is the likely diagnosis? A) Bipolar disorder B) Seasonal affective disorder C) Major depressive disorder D) Cyclothymia
B) Seasonal affective disorder
117) __________is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months. A) Bipolar disorder B) Seasonal affective disorder C) Major depressive disorder D) Cyclothymia
B) Seasonal affective disorder
108) Family studies have demonstrated that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder are more likely to inherit a specific overactive gene that is related to the transport of which neurotransmitter? A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) Acetylcholine D) Glutamate
B) Serotonin
56) Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause? A) Dissociative disorder B) Somatoform disorder C) Personality disorder D) Schizophrenia
B) Somatoform disorder
57) In the last six months Shelly has visited her physician ten times to complain of numerous physical symptoms. The physician has been unable to find a physical cause for her symptoms. What category of psychological disorders is the physician likely to suspect Shelly exhibits? A) Dissociative disorder B) Somatoform disorder C) Personality disorder D) Schizophrenia
B) Somatoform disorder
54) Which of the following statements is true about anxiety? A) It is never considered realistic or normal. B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable. C) It always manifests itself as a disorder. D) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety.
B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.
182) What part of the brain is typically enlarged in persons with schizophrenia? A) Frontal lobes B) Ventricles C) Amygdala D) Thalamus
B) Ventricles
16) The development of modern psychiatric treatments, such as medications like Thorazine, was associated with A) the hospitalization and humane treatment of mental patients rather than imprisonment. B) a movement towards deinstitutionalization which released patients and closed mental hospitals. C) a push towards moral treatment of mental patients and the provision of better care in asylums. D) the closure of community mental health centres and halfway houses as disorders were treated with medication.
B) a movement towards deinstitutionalization which released patients and closed mental hospitals.
52) The most prevalent of all mental disorders is A) dissociative disorders. B) anxiety disorders. C) personality disorders. D) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety disorders.
55) Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of A) dissociative disorders. B) anxiety disorders. C) personality disorders. D) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety disorders.
104) Individuals with anxiety disorders also may display high levels of ____________ and tend to interpret ambiguous situations in a negative light or as dangerous. A) depression B) anxiety sensitivity C) delusions D) schizophrenia
B) anxiety sensitivity
192) Marty is moody, manipulative, and unstable, and he lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ______ personality disorder. A) antisocial B) borderline C) avoidant D) dependent
B) borderline
91) Repetitive, ritualistic behaviours are called A) obsessions. B) compulsions. C) checklists. D) phobias.
B) compulsions.
171) Shareen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shareen is experiencing A) hallucinations. B) delusions of grandeur. C) delusions of reference. D) compulsions.
B) delusions of grandeur.
169) Believing that other people or the government is out to get you is a way in which sufferers of schizophrenia experience their A) hallucinations. B) delusions. C) obsessions. D) compulsions.
B) delusions.
170) False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as A) hallucinations. B) delusions. C) obsessions. D) compulsions.
B) delusions.
131) A counterintuitive research finding involving depression is that A) depressed people assume they have more control over the outcome of events than do nondepressed people. B) depressed people have a more accurate view of circumstances than do nondepressed people. C) nondepressed people are less attentive to reality than are depressed people. D) nondepressed people have a more accurate view of circumstances than do depressed people.
B) depressed people have a more accurate view of circumstances than do nondepressed people.
137) A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. A) mania and schizophrenia. B) depression and manic episodes. C) anxiety and mania. D) depression and schizophrenia
B) depression and manic episodes.
155) A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as A) dissociative fugue. B) dissociative amnesia. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.
B) dissociative amnesia
156) Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months, but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory. He notes that he feels like a robot, disconnected from his movements and actions. He is most likely suffering from A) dissociative fugue. B) dissociative amnesia. C) depersonalization disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.
B) dissociative amnesia.
149) Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called A) anxiety disorders. B) dissociative disorders. C) schizophrenia. D) personality disorders.
B) dissociative disorders.
151) The single most controversial psychological disorder is A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) autism. D) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
B) dissociative identity disorder.
3) The failure analysis approach to understanding mental disorders involves A) evaluation of failures in treatments for mental illness in relation to its causes. B) examining breakdowns in adaptation to understand healthy functioning. C) a focus on early identification of people that have an increased susceptibility to develop mental disorders. D) a recognition that mental disorders can be adaptive and treatment should only be applied when behaviours become disruptive.
B) examining breakdowns in adaptation to understand healthy functioning.
46) The legal system is to _____________ as scientific psychology is to _____________. A) determinism; free will B) free will; determinism C) psychoanalysis; behaviourism D) behaviourism; psychoanalysis
B) free will; determinism
175) The most frequent type of hallucinations involves A) experiencing taste in the absence of the appropriate food. B) hearing voices or sounds that are not real. C) seeing objects or persons that are not real. D) feeling objects on one's body that are not really present.
B) hearing voices or sounds that are not real.
60) A person who is preoccupied with every sensation of her body, worries excessively about getting ill, and continuously goes to doctors who never find anything physically wrong with her is likely to be diagnosed with A) somatoform disorder. B) hypochondriasis. C) personality disorder. D) conversion disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.
61) Shantae constantly complains of physical symptoms such as nausea and trouble catching her breath. After finding no medical explanation for her symptoms, a physician suspects Shantae suffers from A) dissociative disorder. B) hypochondriasis. C) conversion disorder. D) somatization disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.
191) A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit A) intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns. B) impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others. C) a strong need to be the centre of attention in all social situations. D) a charming, self-centred, and manipulative interpersonal style.
B) impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others.
138) When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis? A) dissociated amnesiac episode. B) mania. C) major depressive episode. D) obsessive episode.
B) mania.
136) Kayla has experienced a decrease in the need for sleep for the past three nights, is extremely talkative and creative, and has been very irresponsible with money during this time. Kayla is in the midst of a(n) A) dissociated amnesiac episode. B) manic episode. C) major depressive episode. D) obsessive episode.
B) manic episode.
126) According to Aaron Beck, depression is often caused by A) poor interpersonal skills. B) negative beliefs and expectations. C) a lack of positive reinforcement for one's behaviour. D) biological or genetic influences.
B) negative beliefs and expectations.
118) For some people, their depression lasts only from December to February but returns at the same time each year. This is what psychologists call A) bipolar disorder. B) seasonal affective disorder. C) major depressive disorder. D) cyclothymia.
B) seasonal affective disorder.
59) Hypocondriasis is to ____________ disorders as obsessive-compulsive disorder is to ___________ disorders. A) anxiety; personality B) somatoform; anxiety C) personality; mood D) factitious; somatoform
B) somatoform; anxiety
45) Although most individuals with mental disorders are not at an increased risk for violence, a subset of those with _______________ or _______________ may be more likely to act violently. A) obsessive-compulsive disorder; schizophrenia B) substance abuse disorders; beliefs of persecution C) mood disorders; anxiety disorders D) personality disorders; sleep disorders
B) substance abuse disorders; beliefs of persecution
198) Experiencing recurrent problems with drugs that interfere with family, friends, jobs, and life experiences generally refers to ______________. A) substance use. B) substance abuse. C) substance dependence. D) addiction.
B) substance abuse.
43) The DSM-IV has been criticized on the basis of all of the following points EXCEPT that A) not all diagnoses meet the criteria for diagnostic validity (e.g., Mathematics Disorder). B) the DSM-IV exclusively relies on a dimensional model of understanding disorders. C) there is a high level of comorbidity among many of its diagnoses. D) the DSM-IV is vulnerable to political and social influences.
B) the DSM-IV exclusively relies on a dimensional model of understanding disorders.
143) A concern for researchers interested in the topic of suicide prevention is that the number of suicides is A) hopelessly out of date. B) underestimated. C) overestimated. D) much greater for adults than adolescents.
B) underestimated.
144) Jessie is giving a class presentation on suicide. Which of the following is a point you are likely to hear her make? A) People who talk about committing suicide are just looking for attention. B) One must be careful when talking with a depressed person about suicide because you might make them more likely to take their own life. C) As depression lifts, the risk of suicide may increase rather than decrease. D) There is seldom any warning given by those who commit suicide.
C) As depression lifts, the risk of suicide may increase rather than decrease.
20) In a condition called _______, some residents in Latin America report symptoms of uncontrollable shouting, attacks of crying, trembling, heat in the chest rising to the head, and verbal or physical aggression. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Ataque de nervios D) Mal de Ojo
C) Ataque de nervios
9) Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behaviour? A) Behaviour that does not create distress B) Behaviour that is consistent with societal norms C) Behaviour that is rare D) Behaviour that is adaptive
C) Behaviour that is rare
139) What specific psychological disorder is marked by cycles of extreme activity and inactivity? A) Catatonic schizophrenia B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder C) Bipolar disorder D) Major depressive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
140) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link? A) Schizophrenia B) Antisocial personality disorder C) Bipolar disorder D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
12) Which of the following is NOT a criterion for defining mental disorders? A) Subjective distress B) Societal disapproval C) Bizarre behaviour D) Impairment
C) Bizarre behaviour
22) In a condition called _______, West African residents speak of symptoms which include difficulties concentrating, remembering, and thinking. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Brain fog D) Mal de Ojo
C) Brain fog
202) Which of the following conclusions about personality and substance abuse is most ACCURATE? A) Studies have found evidence of an "addictive personality" type that predisposes people to abuse alcohol or other drugs. B) Drug abuse is linked to contingencies of reinforcement and tension reduction rather than a specific feature of an individual's personality. C) Certain personality traits such as impulsivity, sociability, and anxiety may be related to substance abuse but they may result from rather than cause misuse. D) Genetic factors are the strongest determinant of substance abuse disorders and personality only alters how the abuse is manifested in behaviour.
C) Certain personality traits such as impulsivity, sociability, and anxiety may be related to substance abuse but they may result from rather than cause misuse.
174) Trevor has schizophrenia and often hears a voice that tells him "Meat eaters are the devil. They will force you to eat the beef and implant you with brain tumours". Trevor's experience reflects what symptom of schizophrenia? A) Delusions of grandeur B) Disorganized speech C) Command hallucinations D) Persecutory delusions
C) Command hallucinations
162) Kat is giving a report on dissociative identity disorder (DID) in her psychopathology seminar. A main conclusion that you would expect to hear from her talk is that A) most clinical psychologists agree that DID is a valid psychological disorder. B) most claims of sexual abuse as a precursor to DID have been proven with corroborating evidence. C) DID is most often created by questionable therapeutic practices rather than being a true disorder. D) the diagnosis of DID has dropped nearly a hundredfold since 1979.
C) DID is most often created by questionable therapeutic practices rather than being a true disorder.
145) Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for suicide? A) Schizophrenia B) Depression C) Dissociative disorder D) Borderline personality disorder
C) Dissociative disorder
160) The idea of a "split mind" or split-personality is MOST closely related to what psychological disorder? A) Schizophrenia B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder C) Dissociative identity disorder D) Bipolar disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder
167) According to the authors, schizophrenia is most often confused with which other psychological disorder? A) Dementia B) Bipolar disorder C) Dissociative identity disorder D) Autism
C) Dissociative identity disorder
125) One suggestion for overcoming depression is given by the behavioural model. What is it? A) Stop thinking negative, irrational thoughts all of the time. B) Look at how your actions are creating a negative impression on others and change your behaviour to create a more positive impression. C) Engage in pleasurable activities, even when you do not want to, to create reinforcers for your behaviour. D) Don't get too close to people because they might die or move away and leave you all alone.
C) Engage in pleasurable activities, even when you do not want to, to create reinforcers for your behaviour.
187) Which of the following is NOT an "early warning sign" of a vulnerability to schizophrenia or related conditions such as schizotypal personality disorder? A) Thought and movement abnormalities. B) Eye movement disturbances. C) Increased sociability. D) Impaired attention.
C) Increased sociability.
67) Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating? A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder B) Generalized anxiety disorder C) Panic attack D) Posttraumatic stress disorder
C) Panic attack
110) Andrea is a new mother and constantly worries about her daughter, checking her all the time, hiding knives and objects for fear of stabbing the child, excessive cleaning, and is sometimes afraid to take care of her for fear of hurting her. Andrea would MOST likely be diagnosed with what psychological disorder? A) Posttraumatic stress disorder B) Bipolar disorder C) Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder D) Postpartum depression
C) Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder
87) Which type of anxiety disorder is most commonly associated with malingering for some type of external gain? A) Phobias B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder C) Posttraumatic stress disorder D) Panic disorder
C) Posttraumatic stress disorder
1) What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behaviour? A) Psychobiology B) Developmental psychology C) Psychopathology D) Health psychology
C) Psychopathology
2) Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behaviour. What area of psychology should she focus on in school? A) Psychobiology B) Developmental psychology C) Psychopathology D) Health psychology
C) Psychopathology
8) Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behaviour are most useful in analyzing this case? A) Inability to function normally and statistical rarity B) Statistical rarity and deviance from social norms C) Subjective discomfort and inability to function normally D) Deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort
C) Subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
4) Suppose you are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behaviour as abnormal? A) Societal disapproval B) Impairment C) Subjective distress D) Statistical rarity
C) Subjective distress
5) Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality? A) Societal disapproval B) Social context C) Subjective distress D) Statistical rarity
C) Subjective distress
190) Suffering from a personality disorder seems to place some people at a greater risk for also developing A) some form of anxiety disorder. B) some form of schizophrenia. C) a problem with substance abuse. D) some form of mood disorder.
C) a problem with substance abuse.
141) Evidence of a biological influence in bipolar disorder comes from brain imaging studies, which have found that activity is increased in the ________ and decreased in the ________. A) hippocampus and thalamus; temporal lobes B) amygdala and emotion-related structures; temporal lobes C) amygdala and emotion-related structures; prefrontal cortex D) amygdala and emotion-related structures; occipital cortex
C) amygdala and emotion-related structures; prefrontal cortex
24) ____________ is a culture-bound disorder whereas ___________ is a disorder that has cultural universality. A) kunlangeta; bulimia nervosa B) mal de ojo; apotemnophilia C) anorexia nervosa; psychopathy D) schizophrenia; windigo
C) anorexia nervosa; psychopathy
135) The results of studies investigating the role of biological factors suggest that depression is caused by A) decreased levels of various neurotransmitters. B) exposure to stressful life events. C) both A and B. D) neither A nor B.
C) both A and B.
179) Experiencing extremes in motor behaviour or repeating phrases over and over are two symptoms associated with A) paranoid schizophrenia. B) disorganized schizophrenia. C) catatonic schizophrenia. D) undifferentiated schizophrenia.
C) catatonic schizophrenia.
95) Mr. Carpenter is constantly afraid that he is going to oversleep and be late for work. As a result, he spends nearly an hour total each night making certain that his alarm clock is correctly set and saying, "It's set, it's set, it's set" each of the times he checks it. This repetitive action is what clinical psychologists refer to as a(n) A) hallucination. B) obsession. C) compulsion. D) delusion.
C) compulsion.
134) In class, a psychology professor states that learned helplessness causes persons to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that A) such a claim is unfalsifiable. B) the research needs to still be replicated. C) correlation does not equal causation. D) extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
C) correlation does not equal causation.
14) It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by A) imbalance of body fluids. B) social forces. C) demons. D) improper diet.
C) demons
113) The most frequently diagnosed psychological disorder is A) schizophrenia. B) alcohol abuse. C) depression. D) social phobia.
C) depression.
195) Studies have found that when clinicians are given a description of a client who is seductive, dishonest, and manipulative, they are likely to diagnose the client as ___________ if they think the client is female and ___________ if they think the client is male. A) borderline personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder B) dependent personality disorder; avoidant personality disorder C) histrionic personality disorder; psychopathic personality disorder D) narcissistic personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder; psychopathic personality disorder
7) Any behaviour that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered A) qualitatively rare. B) socially disapproved of. C) impairing and maladaptive. D) statistically rare.
C) impairing and maladaptive.
132) Lily is concerned that her roommate Sachie is feeling overwhelmed by being a first-year student at a large university. Sachie often explains her academic difficulties and failures as being due to ________ factors. A) internal, specific, and unstable B) internal, global, and unstable C) internal, global, and stable D) external, specific, and unstable
C) internal, global, and stable
123) According to the ______________ model of depression, when people become depressed they seek excessive reassurance, which in turn leads others to dislike and reject them, which can maintain or worsen their depression. A) behavioural B) cognitive C) interpersonal D) learned helplessness
C) interpersonal
28) All of the following are criteria for determining whether a psychiatric diagnosis is valid EXCEPT A) it distinguishes that diagnosis from other, similar diagnoses. B) it predicts an individual's performance on laboratory tests. C) it relies on self-reported behaviours and not observations. D) it predicts an individual's response to treatment.
C) it relies on self-reported behaviours and not observations.
27) A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that A) all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world. B) most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others. C) many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures. D) psychiatric disorders found in North America and Europe are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures.
C) many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures.
114) Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depressive disorder, or clinical depression as it is often called, suggests that A) there are no age, gender, or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder in North America. B) men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America. C) men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America. D) adults are less likely than children to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America.
C) men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America.
65) The symptoms of ________ are often mistaken for those of a heart attack. A) obsessive-compulsive disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) panic attack D) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) panic attack
68) Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) panic attack. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) panic attack.
83) Most people with ____________ develop agoraphobia. A) generalized anxiety disorder B) post-traumatic stress disorder C) panic disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) panic disorder
66) An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic disorder that affect the person's ability to function in day-to-day living is called A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) panic disorder. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) panic disorder.
119) In her memoir, Down Came the Rain, Brooke Shields discusses the depression that developed after the birth of her daughter. Shields is one of the 15% of women who suffer from A) dysthymic disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) postpartum depression. D) major depressive disorder.
C) postpartum depression.
196) Serial killers Ted Bundy and Aileen Wuornos each are prototypical examples of A) histrionic personality. B) schizotypal personality. C) psychopathic personality. D) borderline personality.
C) psychopathic personality.
164) The most severe psychological disorder is A) depression. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) autism.
C) schizophrenia.
165) A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behaviour, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from A) depression. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) autism.
C) schizophrenia.
166) A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behaviour, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from A) depression. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) autism.
C) schizophrenia.
6) One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behaviour that creates a great deal of emotional distress or A) societal disapproval. B) social context. C) subjective distress. D) statistical rarity.
C) subjective distress.
48) All of the following are myths about the insanity defence EXCEPT A) a large proportion of criminals escape criminal responsibility by using the insanity defence. B) most people who use the insanity defence are faking mental illness. C) the determination of insanity rests on a the person's mental state at the time of the crime. D) insanity is a psychological or psychiatric term.
C) the determination of insanity rests on a the person's mental state at the time of the crime.
44) The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to A) medicine and psychiatry. B) all mental health professionals. C) the legal system. D) psychiatrists, psychologists, and trial judges.
C) the legal system.
168) Schizophrenia is a disorder that results from disturbances in ________ that spill into other areas of the person's life. A) memory B) personality C) thought D) affect
C) thought
107) Which of the following is NOT a strongly supported finding in research into the causes of the various anxiety disorders? A) People's irrational and unrealistic thoughts often reinforce their avoidance of situations they believe will cause anxiety. B) A person observes others experiencing anxiety and distress in certain situations and can imagine the same reactions for themselves. C)Difficult interactions with one's parents during childhood lead people to develop compulsive rituals to exert control over their life. D) If one identical twin suffers from an anxiety disorder, the other is more likely to experience an anxiety disorder.
C)Difficult interactions with one's parents during childhood lead people to develop compulsive rituals to exert control over their life.
39) Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders? A) Biological B) Psychological C) Social and cultural D) Biopsychosocial
D) Biopsychosocial
42) __________ refers to the overlap between diagnoses, where individuals with one diagnosis also may meet the criteria for one or more other diagnoses. A) Labelling B) Pathologizing C) Exclusivity D) Comorbidity
D) Comorbidity
111) _____________ is associated with moods that alternate between numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms. A) Bipolar disorder B) Dysthymic disorder C) Seasonal affective disorder D) Cyclothymia
D) Cyclothymia
173) Shannon believes that her boss has inserted microelectrodes in the water at work because he wants to be able to track the movement of all of his staff. She has "evidence" of this because her fish died when she brought them into work, and she feels compelled to work non-stop every time she has drank the water. Shannon's experience reflects what symptom of schizophrenia? A) Hallucinations B) Obsessions C) Compulsions D) Delusions
D) Delusions
35) Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder. A) Textbook of Mental Illness B) Textbook of Psychological Disorders C) Physician's Reference Checklist D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
122) Which of the following losses might serve as a starting point for one's experience of major depressive disorder? A) Losing $1.25 in a vending machine and not getting it refunded B) A fellow student from your high school class moves away C) The loss of a grandparent who had been sick for many years D) Getting fired from one's job and having difficulty getting a new job
D) Getting fired from one's job and having difficulty getting a new job
180) Which familial factor increases the risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia? A) Schizophrenogenic mothers B) Authoritarian parenting C) Childhood sexual abuse D) High levels of expressed emotion
D) High levels of expressed emotion
33) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the DSM-IV? A) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions. B) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health. C) It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis. D) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
D) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
31) ______________ are concerned with the possibility that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviour, and can lead them to act differently and be treated differently by others. A) Psychoanalysts B) Humanists C) Behavioursists D) Labelling theorists
D) Labelling theorists
18) Some residents in Latin America refer to ________ as the cause of disease, misfortune, and social disruption. A) Windigo B) Latah C) Ataque de nervios D) Mal de Ojo
D) Mal de Ojo
97) Jeff collects books, paperclips, pennies, empty soda cans, and old trophies. He has so many objects in his collection that it interferes with his daily life and he cannot stop collecting things no matter how hard he tries. Jeff would MOST likely be diagnosed with what psychological disorder? A) Agoraphobia B) Generalized anxiety disorder C) Panic disorder D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
189) Which of the following two disorders are often comorbid? A) Mood disorders and dissociative disorders B) Dissociative disorders and personality disorders C) Anxiety disorders and schizophrenia D) Personality disorders and substance abuse
D) Personality disorders and substance abuse
129) Which of the following examples demonstrates what the cognitive model means when it discusses overgeneralization? A) Nicholette who magnifies a minor social faux pas, her telephone going off during class, to make it seem like the end of the world B) Manuel who believes that it is better to be overly modest than appear to be a braggart C) Ruth who selectively chooses to focus on information that suggests she is less competent than she really is D) Rick who believes that if he and Suzanne break up, he will never find someone with whom to fall in love with, marry, and start a family
D) Rick who believes that if he and Suzanne break up, he will never find someone with whom to fall in love with, marry, and start a family
10) Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal? A) Societal disapproval B) Impairment C) Subjective distress D) Statistical rarity
D) Statistical rarity
32) _______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders. A) The Textbook of Mental Illness B) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders C) The Physician's Reference Checklist D) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
D) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
30) Dr. Brown has been invited to speak at a prestigious psychological conference on the topic of autism. He will talk on the current scientific knowledge regarding this disorder. What is a key point you would expect him to make based on the authors' discussion of the disorder in the chapter? A) The dramatic increase in diagnoses of autism is directly related to the mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine. B) There is an autism epidemic and psychologists have no real insights into the dramatic increase. C) The dramatic increase in autism diagnoses is a result of overdiagnosis rather than a real increase and epidemic. D) The apparent surge in diagnoses of autism is linked to important changes in the diagnostic criteria.
D) The apparent surge in diagnoses of autism is linked to important changes in the diagnostic criteria.
11) What psychiatrist has claimed that mental illness is "a myth" and that the labels used to identify the various forms of mental illness are nothing more than a means of social control? A) Sigmund Freud B) B. F. Skinner C) Carl Rogers D) Thomas Szasz
D) Thomas Szasz
186) The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops from A) exposure to stress. B) genetic influences entirely. C) environmental influences entirely. D) a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.
D) a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.
70) Davis has such an intense, irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town. Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) panic disorder. D) a phobia.
D) a phobia.
197) Adonal is needing to drink more and more alcohol to get the same "buzz" he used to achieve with just 2 or 3 beers. This may be evidence that he is developing A) a substance abuse problem. B) a personality disorder. C) depression. D) a substance dependence.
D) a substance dependence.
49) A mentally ill individual can be involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital against their will if A) they pose a clear and present threat to themselves or others. B) they are so psychologically impaired that they can't care for themselves. C) psychiatrists or physicians place an emergency "hold" on the patient or it is ordered by a judge. D) all of the above are criteria of involuntary commitment.
D) all of the above are criteria of involuntary commitment.
47) The erroneous belief that many criminals are acquitted on the basis of the insanity verdict is most likely due to A) the confirmation bias. B) logical fallacies. C) representativeness heuristic. D) availability heuristic.
D) availability heuristic.
41) When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five A) steps. B) phases. C) stages. D) axes.
D) axes
38) The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV is based on a ________ approach. A) biological B) psychological C) social and cultural D) biopsychosocial
D) biopsychosocial
40) The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV is based on a ________ approach. A) biological B) psychological C) social and cultural D) biopsychosocial
D) biopsychosocial
128) Russell has had bouts of mild depression for years, yet tends to display a more accurate view of his circumstances and recognizes factors such as job stress, rejection, and change, which lead to his depressive episodes. Russell's thoughts represent a phenomenon called A) illusory control. B) overgeneralization. C) learned helplessness. D) depressive realism.
D) depressive realism.
154) After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from A) antisocial personality disorder. B) conversion disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative disorder.
D) dissociative disorder.
158) A dissociative disorder that involves sudden travel from home, the taking on of a new identity, and amnesia regarding the trip and one's actual personal information is called A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) depersonalization disorder D) dissociative fugue.
D) dissociative fugue.
152) The presence of at least two distinct personalities is characteristic of A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
153) In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body? A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
159) Eve seeks treatment to learn how to relax. When her therapist hypnotizes her, her voice changes and someone claiming her name is "Joan" begins to speak. During therapy, 23 separate entities, each with its own name, personal style, and memories emerge. Eve appears to be suffering from A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
62) Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control. She often experiences disturbances in sleep and often feels tense, even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety. If you were a clinical psychologist, you would be trying to determine if Shelby meets the criteria for A) agoraphobia. B) major depressive disorder. C) social phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
63) A disorder in which excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for at least six months is called A) agoraphobia. B) major depressive disorder. C) social phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
64) Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like A) agoraphobia. B) major depressive disorder. C) social phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
100) According to the biological perspective, anxiety disorders are A) learned reactions. B) danger signals that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface. C) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes. D) genetic in origin.
D) genetic in origin.
34) The primary purpose of the DSM-IV is to A) help psychologists assess only normal behaviour. B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum. C) describe the causes of common physiological disorders. D) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
102) Brian is the bassist and vocalist for a band with his two brothers, cousin, and a college friend. Recently, he has begun to experience more and more intense anxiety as he sings in front of crowds. As a result, he has begun to ask his bandmates to sing the songs for him. Brian's anxiety lessens when the focus of the crowd is not on him, demonstrating that Brian's avoidance of singing is being A) positively reinforced. B) positively punished. C) negatively punished. D) negatively reinforced.
D) negatively reinforced.
142) Unlike many other psychological disorders, manic episodes may be triggered by A) failures and rejection. B) stressful life events. C) negative life events. D) positive life events.
D) positive life events.