chapter 15

A patient with HIV is on a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. Which of the following dietary supplements should this patient avoid or use only after consultation with the appropriate healthcare provider, due to a significant drug interaction from enzyme induction leading to decreased concentration of the protease inhibitor? a. St. John's wort b. Echinacea c. Probiotics that contain Lactobacillus acidophilus d. All of the above

A

Although touted as the "fountain of youth" hormone, which of the following may cause some serious side effects, such as gynecomastia in males and hepatotoxicity? a. DHEA b. Melatonin c. Bitter orange d. Milk thistle

A

Ingesting large quantities of grapefruit juice may increase toxicities with which of the following dietary supplements? a. Red yeast rice b. Horse chestnut c. Iron salts d. St. John's wort

A

Kava should be avoided due to its risk of: a. Liver toxicity. b. CYP450 Drug interactions. c. Memory loss. d. Allergic interstitial nephritis

A

Patients with liver disease sometimes use this supplement to promote a healthier liver. What is this supplement? a. Milk thistle b. Nutmeg c. Valerian d. Kava kava

A

Remifemin and EstroSoy products contain which of the following natural supplements? a. Black cohosh b. Tocopherol c. Asian ginseng d. Siberian ginseng

A

Synephrine is the active chemical ingredient in which of the following dietary supplement? a. Bitter orange b. Kava c. Garcinia cambogia d. Milk thistle

A

What is the primary reason that consumers use cranberry supplements? a. Prevention of urinary tract infections b. Prevention of gout attacks c. Hot flashes associated with menopause d. To thicken hair growth

A

Which of the following dietary supplements is formed from a pineal gland hormone and is touted to help regulate sleep cycles? a. Melatonin b. DHEA c. Chondroitin d. Glucosamine

A

Which of the following herbal supplements is used as a calmative or sleep aid? a. Valerian b. Feverfew c. Echinacea d. Black cohosh

A

Which route of administration of vitamin K is MOST likely to be associated with the Black Box Warning regarding an anaphylaxis-like reaction? a. Rapid IV push b. IM c. SUB-Q d. Oral

A

Which vitamin has been used in migraine prophylaxis? a. Riboflavin b. Vitamin E c. Vitamin C d. Thiamine

A

A very over-hyped interaction with warfarin is associated with this dietary supplement; however, actual pharmacokinetic studies do not demonstrate such an interaction. What is this supplement? a. Vitamin K b. Cranberry c. St. John's wort d. Riboflavin

B

Excessive consumption of this product/supplement can easily lead to dyslipidemia? a. Coenzyme-Q b. Coconut oil c. The fat soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin D d. Chondroitin, when it's derived from cattle trachea vs shark cartilage

B

For which of the following indications do most consumers use ginger supplements? a. Flatulence b. Heartburn c. Constipation d. Urinary retention

B

Wernicke's encephalopathy is generally seen in alcoholics who have a deficiency with which vitamin? a. Vitamin D b. Thiamine c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin A

B

No Doz Maximum Strength and Vivarin contain primarily which dietary supplement? a. Iron b. DHEA c. Caffeine d. Melatonin

C

What is the maximum suggested daily intake of caffeine recommended from all sources for women who are pregnant? a. ≤ 65 mg daily b. ~ 100 mg daily c. ≤ 200 mg daily d. No more than 1000 μg daily

C

Which of the following dietary supplements is given primarily to people with migraines because of its anti-inflammatory properties? a. Horse chestnut b. Ma huang c. Feverfew d. Milk thistle

C

Which of the following dietary supplements was thought to help prevent statin-induced myopathies until clinical studies showed no real benefit for this indication? a. Creatine b. Saw palmetto c. Co-enzyme Q d. Flaxseed oil

C

Which of the following should be taken in a higher amount than the RDA to lessen the chance of fetal neural tube malformations in pregnant women? a. Vitamin C b. Thiamine c. Folic acid d. Vitamin B12

C

Cholecalciferol is an analog of which of the following vitamins? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

D

Coagulopathy and hypoprothrombinemia can result from a deficiency of which of the following in patients with liver disease? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin K

D

If a patient who is on theophylline significantly increases his or her daily intake of caffeine, all the following side effects can be expected except: a. Tremors/"jitteriness" b. Palpitations c. Sinus tachycardia d. Urinary retention from excess anticholinergic effects

D

Interactions with which of the following may increase therapeutic failure with drugs such as cyclosporine and protease inhibitors? a. Gingko biloba b. Glucosamine c. Valerian d. St. John's wort

D

Iron salts in dietary supplements may decrease the absorption of which of the following, if taken concomitantly? a. Levothyroxine b. Oral ciprofloxacin c. Oral levofloxacin d. All of the above

D

Which of the following dietary supplements is used to support joint health? a. Melatonin b. Valerian c. Chamomile d. Glucosamine

D

Which of the following dietary supplements or ingredients would be least likely to be found in a product that is used for weight loss and/or exercise endurance/"body-building" a. Garcinia cambogia b. Bitter orange c. Caffeine d. Flaxseed oil

D

Which of the following dietary supplements would be expected to be found as a main ingredient in a branded product called Hydroxycut? a. Riboflavin b. Chondroitin c. Green coffee bean phenols d. Garcinia cambogia

D

Which of the following herbal supplements is touted for its cholesterol-lowering capabilities, mainly because it possesses pharmacologic properties similar to HMG coreductase inhibitors? a. St. John's wort b. Chondroitin c. Valerian d. Red yeast rice

D