Chapter 15 & 16 Holtz

A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to the touch when they each have equal temperatures. equal conductivities. your temperature. none of the above

your temperature.

Distinguish between a calorie and a Calorie. A calorie is 1000 Calories. A Calorie is measured by burning food, whereas a calorie is measured by digesting food. A Calorie is 1000 calories. A Calorie is a unit of temperature, whereas a calorie is a unit of energy.

A Calorie is 1000 calories.

What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale? 32 K, 212 K 273 K, 373 K 0 K, 100 K 373 K, 212 K

273 K, 373 K

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about 300 K. 100 K. 400 K. more than 400 K. 200 K.

300 K

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is 4.19 joules. 4.19 calories. 4.19 Calories. none of the above

4.19 joules.

When 10 grams of hot water cool by 1°C, the amount of heat given off is more than 41.9 joules. 41.9 calories. 41.9 Calories. 41.9 joules. none of the above

41.9 joules.

Water is most dense at ___________. 0°C less than 0°C 4°C 100°C

4°C

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to zero°C. -32°C. 4°C. none of the above

4°C.

If you wish to expand the volume of a sample of water at 4°C lower its temperature a bit. raise its temperature a bit. either of these neither of these

either of these

When we speak about heat we refer to ___________. temperature work energy in transit transfer of kinetic energy

energy in transit

When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal bending. heat. contraction. expansion.

expansion.

Which of these are good insulators? feathers. wood. snow. all the above none of the above

feathers. wood. snow. all the above

A substance that cools down faster than others has a low specific heat capacity. high specific heat capacity. either of these neither of these

low specific heat capacity.

Due to the presence of ice crystals in nearly frozen liquid water, the density of water is higher. lower. unaffected.

lower.

When coal dust is spread on snow on a sunny day more melting occurs. no change in melting rate occurs. less melting occurs.

more melting occurs.

Pour two liters of water at 40°C into one liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C.

more than 30°C.

Sun's radiant energy is composed of shorter wavelengths than Earth's due to Sun's greater size. surface temperature. both of these neither of these

surface temperature.

Heat energy travels from an object with a high temperature to an object with a lower temperature. internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy. both of the above none of the above

temperature to an object with a lower temperature.

Heat normally flows from objects of high internal energy to objects of low internal energy. temperature to objects of low temperature. both of these neither of these

temperature to objects of low temperature.

Which body glows with electromagnetic waves? the Sun you and your classmates the Earth all of the above

the Sun you and your classmates the Earth all of the above

Which one of these cites the lowest temperature? 270 K 0° C 273K 32°F

270 K

Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity? Specific heat capacity does not matter. Larger objects heat up more quickly, independent of specific heat capacity. A high specific heat capacity A low specific heat capacity

A low specific heat capacity

In what form does radiant energy travel? As sound waves As radioactive particles As waves in the luminiferous aether As electromagnetic waves

As electromagnetic waves

Which will normally warm faster: a black pot of cold water or a silvered pot of cold water? Which will cool faster? Black, silver Silver, silver Black, black Silver, black

Black, black

Which temperature scales have equal sized degrees? Fahrenheit and Celsius Celsius and Kelvin Fahrenheit and Kelvin none of the above

Celsius and Kelvin

Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees? Kelvin Fahrenheit Celsius none of the above

Fahrenheit

What is the role of "loose" electrons in heat conductors? Free electrons travel from one end of a metal to the other without any collisions, thereby conducting heat. Free electrons vibrate in place, thereby absorbing heat. Free electrons emit electromagnetic radiation that carries heat from one end of a metal to the other. Free electrons can move through a material carrying heat, jostling atoms and other electrons.

Free electrons can move through a material carrying heat, jostling atoms and other electrons.

In which direction does heat flow spontaneously between hot and cold objects? From low temperature to high temperature From low internal energy to high internal energy From high internal energy to low internal energy From high temperature to low temperature

From high temperature to low temperature

Why do substances expand when their temperature is increased? Higher-temperature substances have less internal energy. Higher-temperature substances have greater electrical repulsion. Higher-temperature substances have greater molecular motion. Higher-temperature substances experience crystal collapse.

Higher-temperature substances have greater molecular motion.

Why is ice less dense than water? Water molecules slow their vibrations and move closer together when water freezes. When water freezes, it forms a crystal structure with less volume than liquid water. Ice crystallizes with an open structure, and the gaps that form between the water molecules in ice increase its volume. Some water molecules are lost when water freezes.

Ice crystallizes with an open structure, and the gaps that form between the water molecules in ice increase its volume.

When an air molecule is hit by an approaching, faster moving molecule, does the approaching molecule's rebound speed increase or decrease? How about when it hits a receding molecule? Increase, increase Decrease, increase Increase, decrease Decrease, decrease

Increase, decrease

Does a good insulator prevent heat from escaping or slow its passage? Insulators increase the transfer of heat. Insulators prevent heat from escaping. Insulators slow the passage of heat. Insulators conduct heat in a closed cycle, thereby returning it to its source.

Insulators slow the passage of heat.

Does a hot object contain internal energy or does it contain heat? Heat Internal energy Neither internal energy nor heat Both internal energy and heat

Internal energy

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the Fahrenheit scale. Kelvin scale. both of these neither of these

Kelvin scale.

Does "microscopic slush" in water tend to make it more dense or less dense? The density remains the same. More dense above the freezing point, but less dense below the freezing point Less dense More dense

Less dense

If you touch the metal sides in an oven with your bare hand, you're in trouble. But hold your hand briefly in the oven air and you're okay. What does this tell you about the relative conductivities of metal and air? Metal is a good conductor of heat, whereas air is a terrible conductor of heat. Neither metal nor air is a good conductor of heat. Both metal and air are good conductors of heat. Metal is a poor conductor of heat, whereas air is a good conductor of heat.

Metal is a good conductor of heat, whereas air is a terrible conductor of heat.

Can an object be both a good absorber and a good reflector at the same time? No. A silver-painted radiator reflects light and heats a room better than a black-painted one. Yes. An object can both reflect a lot of light and absorb a lot of light. No. A good absorber reflects very little light. Yes. A shiny black object is a good absorber and a good emitter.

No. A good absorber reflects very little light.

Since all objects emit energy to their surroundings, why don't the temperatures of all objects continuously decrease? Objects that are poor emitters are good absorbers, so they absorb more radiation than they emit. Objects that are good emitters are poor absorbers, so they absorb as much radiation as they emit. Objects that are good emitters are poor conductors, so they are insulated against heat loss. Objects that are good emitters are equally good absorbers, so they absorb radiation as well as emit it.

Objects that are good emitters are equally good absorbers, so they absorb radiation as well as emit it.

Why are materials such as wood, fur, feathers, and even snow good insulators? Outer electrons in these materials are firmly attached. These materials contain air, which is a good conductor of heat. There are many free electrons in these materials. All solids are poor conductors of heat.

Outer electrons in these materials are firmly attached.

Relatively speaking, do high-frequency waves have long wavelengths or short wavelengths? Name an electromagnetic wave with higher frequency than blue light. Short, infrared Long, ultraviolet Long, infrared Short, ultraviolet

Short, ultraviolet

How are the speeds of molecules of air affected when the air is compressed by the action of a tire pump? What happens to the temperature of the air? Speeds increase; temperature increases. Speeds increase; temperature decreases. Speeds decrease; temperature decreases. Speeds increase; temperature stays constant.

Speeds increase; temperature increases.

What is terrestrial radiation? Terrestrial radiation is ultraviolet radiation received by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is ultraviolet radiation emitted by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation received by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface.

Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface.

How would decreasing the percentage of greenhouse gases affect the amount of infrared radiation reflected by the atmosphere back toward Earth? The amount of infrared radiation would increase. The amount of infrared radiation would stay the same. The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

How would increasing the density of air in the atmosphere affect the amount of infrared radiation returned by the atmosphere back toward Earth? The amount of infrared radiation would stay the same. The amount of infrared radiation would increase. The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

The amount of infrared radiation would increase.

How does the peak frequency of radiant energy relate to the absolute temperature of the radiating source? The peak frequency stays the same as temperature increases. The peak frequency decreases as temperature increases. The peak frequency increases as temperature increases. The peak frequency increases to a maximum then decreases as temperature increases.

The peak frequency increases as temperature increases.

Which will undergo the greater rate of cooling: a red-hot poker in a warm oven or a red-hot poker in a cold room (or do both cool at the same rate)? The poker in the oven cools fastest. The poker actually stays the same temperature in the oven. Both cool at the same rate. The poker in the cold room cools fastest.

The poker in the cold room cools fastest.

How is heat similar to and different from internal energy? They are both forms of energy, but heat flow is kinetic energy, whereas internal energy is entirely potential energy. Heat is not a form of energy, whereas internal energy is. Heat and internal energy are two names for the same thing. They are both forms of energy, but heat flows, whereas internal energy does not.

They are both forms of energy, but heat flows, whereas internal energy does not.

Long ago a runaway greenhouse effect transformed the planet Venus. Mercury. Mars. all of the above

Venus.

Why is the temperature fairly constant for landmasses surrounded by large bodies of water? Water has a low specific heat capacity. Water has a high specific heat capacity. Land has a high specific heat capacity. Land has a low specific heat capacity.

Water has a high specific heat capacity.

Why does all the water in a lake have to be cooled to 4°C before the surface water can be cooled below 4°C? When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks and deeper, warmer, water rises to the surface. Water has a low specific heat at 4°C, which allows it to cool rapidly and freeze. When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks, cooling all the water in the pond to 4°C as it sinks. Water is a good conductor of heat at 4°C, so when water reaches that temperature, the whole body of water can freeze rapidly.

When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks and deeper, warmer, water rises to the surface.

Explain why a firewalker can step quickly without harm on red-hot coals with bare feet. Bare feet are good conductors of heat. Wood, even as glowing coals, is a poor conductor of heat. Bare feet are poor conductors of heat. Wood, even as glowing coals, is a good conductor of heat.

Wood, even as glowing coals, is a poor conductor of heat.

A good heat conductor is a poor insulator. a good insulator. neither of these

a poor insulator.

The air in your room is composed of molecules that have a wide variety of speeds. nearly identical speeds. no speeds worth mentioning.

a wide variety of speeds.

When water at 4°C is heated it expands. If it is instead cooled it will contracts. neither contracts nor expands. also expand.

also expand.

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in a tent. a car. a wooden house. an igloo.

an igloo.

Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C.

at or about 30°C.

What determines whether an object is a net absorber or a net emitter of radiant energy at a given time? a.Hot objects are net emitters regardless of the temperature of the surroundings. b.It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net emitters. c.It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net absorbers. d.Absorption and emission are the same for an object, so it is neither a net absorber nor a net emitter.

b.It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net emitters.

Consider a metal ring with a gap cut in it. When the ring is heated, the gap becomes narrower. becomes wider. retains its size.

becomes wider.

Heat energy is measured in units of Heat energy is measured in units of joules. calories. both of these neither of these

both joules and calories

Why does the direction of coastal winds change from day to night? a.The specific heat of water is less than the specific heat of land. Water cools more rapidly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and onshore winds. b.The specific heat of water is less than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and onshore winds. c.The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds. d.The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more rapidly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds.

c.The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds.

If air were a better conductor, at nighttime Earth would be considerably warmer. considerably colder. not appreciably different in temperature.

considerably colder.

Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that undergo _________. only cooling cooling or warming only warming neither cooling nor warming

cooling or warming

How does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials? a.Water and most common materials have the same specific heat capacity. b.Water has a lower specific heat capacity than most common materials. c.Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most common materials. d.Water has a specific heat capacity of 1 calorie per Celsius degree per gram, whereas common materials have a heat capacity of 2 calories per Celsius degree per gram.

d.Water has a specific heat capacity of 1 calorie per Celsius degree per gram, whereas common materials have a heat capacity of 2 calories per Celsius degree per gram.

If a pizza radiates more energy than it absorbs, its temperature increases. is unaffected. decreases. none of the above

decreases.

When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows from the potato to your finger. from your finger to the potato. actually, both ways.

from the potato to your finger.

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows from your finger to the ice. from the ice to your finger. actually, both ways.

from your finger to the ice.

What type of gas absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation? greenhouse gases non-greenhouse gases neither the greenhouse gases nor the non-greenhouse gases

greenhouse gases

A substance that heats up relatively slowly has a high specific heat capacity. low specific heat capacity. either of these neither of these

high specific heat capacity.

Materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations have low specific heats. high specific heats. none of the above

high specific heats.

An apple pie will be a net emitter of energy when its temperature is lower than its surroundings. higher than its surroundings. none of these

higher than its surroundings.

When a hot object makes thermal contact with a cold object, the direction of internal energy flow is from hot to cold temperature is from hot to cold. both of these neither of these

internal energy flow is from hot to cold

Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is aluminum. iron. need more information

iron.

On a cold day your feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because a rug is usually warmer than tile. is a poorer conductor. for the same mass has more internal energy than tile. all of the above none of the above

is a poorer conductor.

Temperature is most closely related to molecular potential energy. mechanical energy in general. electrical energy. kinetic energy.

kinetic energy.

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes smaller. larger. neither smaller nor larger. either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness.

larger.

Place a 1-kilogram block of iron at 40°C into 1 kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C.

less than 30°C.

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________. unrelated to rate of cooling more than that of plants less than that of plants likely the same as that of plants

less than that of plants

Metals are good conductors of both heat and electricity due to both transferring energy easily. high elasticity of metals. relatively high densities of metals. looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms. similar thermal and electrical conductive properties.

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

The reason you can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning your feet mainly involves mind over matter techniques. low conductivity of the coals. low temperature of the coals.

low conductivity of the coals.

Which of these are good conductors? feathers. snow. wood. all the above none of the above

none of the above

Heat travels from the Sun to Earth by the process of _________. conduction conduction and convection, though radiation is greater radiation convection

radiation

A Thermos bottle has double glass walls with silver coating on the glass surfaces that face each other. The silver coating reduces energy transfer by convection. conduction. radiation. all the above none of the above

radiation.

The form of heat transfer that doesn't depend on a medium is radiation. conduction. convection. all of the above

radiation.

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a nice hot bath would be a shorter experience. longer experience. same regardless of water's specific heat capacity.

shorter experience.

The higher the temperature of an object, the shorter the wavelengths it radiates. makes no difference in the wavelengths it radiates longer the wavelengths it radiates.

shorter the wavelengths it radiates.

In practice, a good insulator stops heat flow. slows heat flow. speeds negative heat flow. all of the above

slows heat flow.

A substance with a high thermal inertia has a high heat conductivity. specific heat capacity. energy content. temperature, in many cases.

specific heat capacity.

Waves emitted by the Sun and terrestrial wave emissions are entirely different kinds of waves. identical. the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths.

the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths.