Chapter 15- Euk. Gene Regulation

steps at which gene regulation can occur

- Posttranslational modification - Translation - RNA processing - Transcription

What DNA sequence is methylated? 5'-CA-3' 5'-CG-3' 5'-GC-3' 5'-AC-3

5'-CG-3'

DNA methyltransferase is an enzyme that attaches a methyl group to the ____ position of the ____ base.

5; cytosine

What is the name for stretches of DNA of 1000-2000 bp in length containing a high number of CpG sites that are found near gene promoters?

CpG islands

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of 5-methylcytosine?

DNA methyltransferase

In order to inhibit transcription, a methyl-CpG-binding protein would bind to a methylated CpG island and recruit which of the following enzymes to modify the histones in the region?

Histone deacetylase

General transcription factors are required for the binding of____ ___ to the core promoter and its progression to the elongation stage.

RNA polymerase

represents de novo methylation?

The methylation of DNA that was previously unmethylated

Select the organism with the highest amount of DNA methylation. Drosophila Vertebrates Yeast

Vertebrates

DNA methylation is __ attachment of methyl groups to DNA

covalent

When a methyl-CpG-binding protein associates with a methylated CpG island, it recruits an enzyme called histone___ to modify histone proteins which makes it more difficult to remove nucleosomes from the DNA.

deacetylase

Methylation of the cytosine in both strands is called __ methylation, and methylation of only one strand is called ____ methylation

full; hemi

Gene regulation means that

gene expression can be controlled so that genes can be expressed at high or low levels

Human nerve cells and muscle cells look quite different from each other due to differences in

gene regulation

Genes that code for proteins that are required in most cells of a multicellular organism are called _____.

housekeeping genes

CpG islands near the promoters of tissue-specific genes are often

methylated

The ability of humans to develop tans to protect their skin cells from UV rays by inducing genes that provide protection against UV radiation is an example of gene

regulation

Genes that are highly regulated and may be expressed only in certain cell types are called

tissue-specific genes

A protein that influences the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe a given gene is termed a(n)

transcription factor

The methylation state of DNA is inherited during cell division.

true

The cytosines in CpG islands near housekeeping genes are

unmethylated