Chapter 15 mcq

120. Carla has worked as a human resources specialist for several years, but she doesn't really like the job. She almost always feels slightly down and sad, which is characteristic of the psychological disorder called A) persistent depressive disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) mania. D) major depressive disorder

A) persistent depressive disorder.

133. Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among A) preadolescent children. B) teen children. C) young adults. D) older adults.

A) preadolescent children.

.. 101. Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors. A) reinforcement B) panic C) observational learning D) stimulus generalization

A) reinforcement

157. Janice tends to worry constantly that her work is not satisfactory or that she will not be able to complete projects on time. This worry has caused her insomnia and has interfered with her social life. Janice's worry illustrates A) rumination. B) learned helplessness. C) linkage analysis. D) explanatory style.

A) rumination.

183. Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with A) schizophrenia with negative symptoms. B) schizophrenia with positive symptoms. C) bipolar disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

A) schizophrenia with negative symptoms.

. 8. According to the medical model, psychological disorders are A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured. B) maladaptive responses to a troubling environment. C) purely imaginary symptoms of distress. D) learned habits that need to be extinguished

A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured

10. The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of A) social circumstances and psychological factors. B) biological evolution. C) the DSM-5. D) genetically influenced abnormalities.

A) social circumstances and psychological factors

158. Jackie and Andy are in an intense argument about Andy having lunch with a former girlfriend. Jackie begins recalling all the times Andy has kept things from her, and so her mood declines and she withdraws from Andy. Jackie's recollections of Andy's past transgressions illustrate A) state-dependent memory. B) rumination. C) a pessimistic explanatory style. D) learned helplessness

A) state-dependent memory.

175. People with schizophrenia who experience hallucinations and delusions and speak in word salad are demonstrating A) the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. B) catatonia. C) bipolar disorder. D) the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

203. Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that A) there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. B) almost anybody will develop schizophrenia if exposed to extensive environmental stress. C) schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. D) if adopted children's adoptive parents have schizophrenia, they will, too

A) there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

47. The incidence of serious psychological disorders has been doubly high among A) those below the poverty line. B) men. C) women. D) those who have relatives with a mental disorder.

A) those below the poverty line.

150. The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by A) underactivity of the frontal lobe. B) self-blaming attributions. C) a dysfunctional hippocampus. D) epigenetics

A) underactivity of the frontal lobe.

16. Dr. Wiseman believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture play a role in psychological disorders. Which of the following illustrates Dr. Wiseman's view? A) the biopsychosocial approach B) the medical model C) epigenetics D) genetics

A)the biopsychosocial approach

. 161. One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions A) are more characteristic of men than of women. B) may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression. C) do not coincide with actual episodes of depression. D) are more clearly associated with mania than with depression.

B) may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.

11. It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures. A) psychological perspective B) medical model C) social-cognitive perspective D) biopsychosocial approach

B) medical model

254. Those most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are those who ________ value thinness and have the ________ body dissatisfaction. A) least; least B) most; greatest C) least; greatest D) most; least

B) most; greatest

142. Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter A) glutamate . B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin.

B) norepinephrine

104. As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through A) stimulus generalization. B) observational learning. C) survivor resiliency. D) reinforcement.

B) observational learning.

77. The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of A) panic disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) agoraphobia.

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

82. The long-lasting disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and often life-threatening trauma is A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) posttraumatic stress disorder. D) social anxiety disorder.

C) posttraumatic stress disorder.

86. Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in, drew a gun, and started shooting, killing two people before killing himself. Although Jayne was not injured in the shooting spree, she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most likely that Jayne is suffering from A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) posttraumatic stress disorder. D) social anxiety disorder.

C) posttraumatic stress disorder.

93. According to the ________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses. A) biological B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) social-cognitive

C) psychoanalytic

223. Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective. A) biosocial B) learning C) psychodynamic D) biological

C) psychodynamic

. 251. Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorder are not likely to ________ following binge eating. A) experience remorse B) gain weight C) purge or fast D) suffer indigestion

C) purge or fast

127. The DSM-5's new category of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder will likely A) pathologize the overactivity of young children. B) create a larger gender gap in diagnoses of bipolar disorder. C) reduce the number of child and adolescent bipolar diagnoses. D) increase the number of people diagnosed with mood disorders.

C) reduce the number of child and adolescent bipolar diagnoses.

112. In people with major depressive disorder, interest in activities is ________ and agitation may be ________. A) reduced; reduced B) increased; increased C) reduced; increased D) increased; reduced

C) reduced; increased

100. Phobic behaviors such as avoiding insects or snakes may increase in frequency because they reduce anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of A) observation. B) panic. C) reinforcement. D) survivor resiliency

C) reinforcement.

Jeff is out playing in the park with friends one afternoon when a baseball flying through the air strikes him hard on the side of the head. Fortunately, he survives due to quick medical treatment and surgery. What could be a possible long-term impact of sustaining this type of injury? Loss of hearing on that side. Possible weight gain. Development of dementia. Changes to his thinking skills.

Changes to his thinking skills.

According to the DSM-V, which of the following is not an eating disorder? Possible Answers: Pica Chronic fatigue syndrome Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Binge eating disorder Correct answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome

14 Grouping illnesses together based on similarities is called: Classification Diagnosis Pseudopatient Statistics Diagnosis grouping

Classification The DSM-5 has twenty different classifications, all with multiple disorders.

Someone with which of the following phobias might avoid climbing through a narrow cave? Possible Answers: Agoraphobia Claustrophobia Mysophobia Social phobia Arachnophobia

Claustrophobia

114. A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by A) a seasonal pattern of symptoms. B) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism C) a persistent irrational fear of other people. D) feelings of personal worthlessness.

D) feelings of personal worthlessness.

139. The heritability of bipolar disorder has been estimated to be ________ than the heritability of major depressive disorder and ________ than the heritability of generalized anxiety disorder. A) less; greater B) greater; less C) less; less D) greater; greater

D) greater; greater

178. Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from A) multiple personalities. B) catatonia. C) a dissociative disorder. D) hallucinations.

D) hallucinations.

119. For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) major depressive disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) dysthymia

B) major depressive disorder.

. 121. A disorder in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as A) depression. B) mania. C) persistent depressive disorder. D) a phobia.

B) mania.

65. Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of A) agoraphobia. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) posttraumatic stress disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A) agoraphobia.

182. One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is A) an expressionless face. B) loud and meaningless talking. C) inappropriate laughter. D) uncontrollable outbursts of rage.

A) an expressionless face.

246. Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to ________ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to ________. A) anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa B) bulimia nervosa; anorexia nervosa C) body dysmorphic disorder; anorexia nervosa D) bulimia nervosa; body dysmorphic disorder

A) anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

243. A hyper-reactive dopamine reward system has been observed among those with A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative disorder. C) fugue states. D) avoidant personality disorder.

A) antisocial personality disorder

209. Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia. A) neglectful child-raising practices B) prenatal viral infections C) dopamine overactivity D) shrinkage of cerebral tissue

A) neglectful child-raising practices

41. The vast majority of violent crimes are committed by those with A) no diagnosed psychological disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.

A) no diagnosed psychological disorder.

149. Women are at greater risk of depression than men partially because women are more likely to ________ in response to stressful circumstances. A) overthink B) externalize blame C) suffer memory loss D) become socially withdrawn

A) overthink

. 196. Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are A) abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small. B) abnormally small and the thalamus is abnormally large . C) abnormally small and the thalamus is abnormally small. D) abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally large.

A) abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small.

Bradley is constantly checking his weight in the mirror and on the scale. He restricts his diet to a small amount of calories a day and forces himself to run at least 10 miles a day. His body weight is excessively low. He probably suffers from ________ nervosa.bulimiahigh metabolismanorexia

anorexia

If Jeremy has social anxiety disorder, which is a safety behavior he might adopt in order to reduce anxiety in social situations?engage in constant exerciseask other people lots of questionsintroduce himself to everyone

ask other people lots of questions

Which of the following is not true of obsessions, as listed in the DSM definition of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Possible Answers: Persistent and recurring All of these are true of obsessions Used to reduce distress or prevent disasters OCD patient recognizes that obsessions are products of his/her own mind Can take form of thoughts or mental images

Used to reduce distress or prevent disasters

When does the use of a substance become abuse? When it has negative social or work-related consequences When it is extremely difficult to quit When quitting brings withdrawal symptoms When it's used more than once per week When a person uses more than one substance

When it has negative social or work-related consequences

When can a recurrent behavior be considered compulsive? Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive. When it has negative effects on someone's social environment. When it triggers a specific phobia. When it prevents someone from attending social gatherings.

Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive.

Which of the following is not a reason that females are twice as likely as males to experience depression? Possible Answers: Females face more discrimination than males Females experience more stress about weight and body image than males Women do not live as long as males Changes in hormones make females more susceptible to depression

Women do not live as long as males

Can schizophrenia be passed down genetically? Possible Answers: Yes, though it will often take environmental factors for schizophrenia to develop None of these All of these No, schizophrenia is strictly related to nurture Schizophrenia is strictly related to genetics

Yes, though it will often take environmental factors for schizophrenia

Q. Antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by answer choices a persistent, irrational fear of people. episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal. disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. a lack of guilt feelings.

a lack of guilt feelings.

The term insanity is __________. Possible Answers: a medical diagnosis None of the other answers is correct. very common a legal definition a colloquial term with no medical or legal significance

a legal definition

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors is most clearly an indication of answer choices free-floating anxiety. dissociation. learned helplessness. a psychological disorder.

a psychological disorder.

Which best describes a generalized anxiety disorder?fear of snakesa relatively continuous state of tension and apprehension.fear of interacting with other people

a relatively continuous state of tension and apprehension.

Q. An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of answer choices mania. a delusion. a specific phobia. a dissociative disorder.

a specific phobia.

Which of the following describes PTSD?unpleasant thoughts causes repetitive behaviorsa stressful event causes intrusive memories, detachment, flashbacks, and outburstsmood states that vacillate between sadness and euphoria

a stressful event causes intrusive memories, detachment, flashbacks, and outbursts

Q. Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia. answer choices chronic free-floating acute process

acute

Intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of public places and spaces is known asgeneralized anxiety disorder.acrophobia.agoraphobia.

agoraphobia.

If someone has an anxiety disorder, what part of the brain would you expect to be especially active? Possible Answers: amygdala basal ganglia cerebellum pituitary gland temporal lobe

amygdala

There is a connection between changes in ________ with various mood and anxiety disorders .hypothalamus hippocampus amygdala

amygdala

Q. Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of answer choices bipolar disorder. an anxiety disorder. anorexia nervosa. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

an anxiety disorder.

If Samaria demonstrates behavioral inhibition early in on life by crying or not speaking when in new situations or around unfamiliar people, she will beat an increased risk for developing specific phobias.at a greater risk for developing social anxiety disorder.at a lower risk for developing social anxiety disorder

at a greater risk for developing social anxiety disorder.

Q. Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior? answer choices panic disorder anorexia nervosa obsessive-compulsive disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The disorder characterized by psychological difficulties that manifest themselves as physical symptoms a. bipolar disorder b. conversion disorder c. organic disorder d. undifferentiated disorder e. paranoid disorder

b. conversion disorder

A high school girl goes missing, and when she is found in a town 100 miles away a week later, she has assumed a new personality and has no apparent recollection of her life at home. Which category of disorder is she most likely suffering from? a. Somatoform disorder b. Delusional disorder c. Personality disorder d. Dissociative disorder e. religious obsession

d. Dissociative disorder

All of the following are classified as feeding and eating disorders except a. pica b. binge-eating disorder c. bulimia nervosa d. body dysmorphic disorder e. anorexia nervosa

d. body dysmorphic disorder This is obsessive-compulsive disorder

Conversion disorder is best characterized by a. a constant fear of being ill b. panic attacks and severe anxiety c. frequent vague complaints about physical symptoms d. functional impairment of a limb or sensory ability with no apparent physical cause e. religious obsessions

d. functional impairment of a limb or sensory ability with no apparent physical cause Conversion disorder is a somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause

If Lucy believes that every plane flying overhead is trying to bomb her, and every whispering stranger is plotting to kill her, what type of schizophrenic symptom is she having? Possible Answers: delusion of reference hallucination delusion of persecution blunting delusion of grandeur

delusion of persecution

What is hypochondriasis? Possible Answers: A disorder triggered when someone experiences/witnesses a terrifying event A disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions A disorder where someone fears having a certain illness when no illness is present A disorder where someone is plagued with irrational and specific fears even when no danger is present A disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, even when there is little or nothing to worry about

disorder where someone fears having a certain illness when no illness is present

12 Jim displays primarily negative symptoms with his schizophrenia, including emotional flatness. How might a psychiatrist categorize Jim's type of schizophrenia? disorganized type paranoid type catatonic type undifferentiated type residual type

disorganized type The disorganized type of schizophrenia is largely dominated by negative symptoms; positive symptom (disordered thought and speech), accompanied by negative symptoms (emotional flatness, anhedonia, and lack of motivation).

Q. The separation of conscious awareness from painful memories, thoughts, and feelings is most characteristic of ________ disorders. answer choices bipolar obsessive-compulsive generalized anxiety dissociative

dissociative

Randall is complaining to his doctor of very strange episodes in which he "blacks out" and cannot remember where he is or what he is doing for large chunks of time. During these episodes he often regains his awareness miles away from where he last remembered being. Based on these data, Randall most likely suffers from a(n) _______________ disorder. Possible Answers: dissociative mood psychotic anxiety

dissociative

Which personality disorder is the most controversial?major depressionobsessive-compulsive disorderdissociative identity disorder

dissociative identity disorder

f Nikita takes on multiple personalities, she may havemajor depressiondissociative identity disorderobsessive-compulsive disorder

dissociative identity disorder

People with ADHD show less activity of the neurotransmitter ________.epinephrineGABAdopamine

dopamine

A child shows difficulty engaging with other children and needs to follow a very strict routine every day to function properly. If the routine is broken he cries and has a very difficult time adjusting. These symptoms may satisfy which of the following diagnosis? a. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder b. Reactive attachment disorder c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Adjustment disorder e. Autism spectrum disorder

e. Autism spectrum disorder

Q. An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia. answer choices increase; increase do not increase; do not increase increase; do not increase do not increase; increase

increase; do not increase

23 A disorder that mainly involves unusual thoughts, behaviors, or feelings is called a(n) _____ disorder. mental oppositional defiance conduct attention deficit

mental

Which of the following describes bipolar disorder?a stressful event causes intrusive memories, detachment, flashbacks, and outburstsunpleasant thoughts causes repetitive behaviorsmood states that vacillate between sadness and euphoria

mood states that vacillate between sadness and euphoria

Q. In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are answer choices more intense and more prolonged. less intense and less prolonged. more intense and less prolonged. less intense and more prolonged.

more intense and less prolonged.

Monkeys were ________ to develop a fear of fear-relevant stimuli, like toy snakes or a toy crocodile, as they were to fear-irrelevant stimuli, like flowers or a toy rabbit.less likelymore likelyjust as likely

more likely

ADHD is triggered ________ by genetic and neurological factors and ________ by social or environmental ones.less; moresomewhat; somewhatmore; less

more; less

If cognitive theories of panic disorder are correct, how can you treat panic disorder?drugs to block stimulation of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleusreducing thoughts about catastrophes caused by sensationsreverse classical conditioning

reducing thoughts about catastrophes caused by sensations

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions, which are ________ and/or compulsions, which are ________ .flashbacks; repetitive, distressing thoughtsrepetitive, distressing thoughts; repetitive behaviorsrepetitive behaviors; distressing thoughts

repetitive, distressing thoughts; repetitive behaviors

Q. Most combat-stressed soldiers do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor answer choices mania. paranoia. dissociation. resiliency.

resiliency.

Samuel feels like there are voices inside his head that are trying to hurt him. He displays bizarre behavior and sometimes babbles on in incoherent speech. Samuel most likely hasparanoid personality disorderschizophreniabipolar disorder

schizophrenia

Which of the following is a severe disorder characterized by a complete breakdown in one's ability to function in life?major depressionderealization disorderschizophrenia

schizophrenia

Which of the following is considered to be a psychotic disorder? A antisocial personality disorder B dissociative identity disorder C post-traumatic stress disorder D obsessive-compulsive disorder E schizophrenia

schizophrenia

Malik shows no sign of anxiety or stress, but his normal temperament seems a bit odd. He distrusts others, mostly sticks to himself, and is often described by others as strange. Which disorder may best fit Malik's behavior?schizotypal personality disorderbipolar ==disorderdissociative identity disorder

schizotypal personality disorder

If someone is generally depressed in the winter or has "winter blues", they may have ________ depression.peripartum onsetpersistent depressive disorderseasonal pattern

seasonal pattern

Low levels of ________ are linked to depression, aggression, impulsivity, and suicide.epinephrinedopamineserotonin

serotonin

Body dysmorphic disorder and pain disorders are both examples of __________. Possible Answers: phobias mood disorders personality disorders trauma disorders somatoform diseases

somatoform diseases

Jonte has such a extreme fear of flying that she almost never gets home to see family in Georgia, ever since she took a job in New Jersey. Her excessive, distressing, andpersistent fear is considered a/anspecific phobia.generalized anxiety disorder.mood disorder.

specific phobia.

Q. Kara's craving for psychoactive drugs is so strong that she is unable to function at work or maintain important relationships with her family. Kara would most clearly be diagnosed with answer choices obsessive-compulsive disorder. posttraumatic stress disorder. substance use disorder. bulimia nervosa.

substance use disorder.

Q. The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of answer choices social circumstances and psychological factors. biological evolution. the DSM-5. genetically influenced abnormalities.

the DSM-5.

Recent studies on autism show thatthere is a slight correlation between vaccines and autism.there is a strong correlation between vaccines and autism.there is no correlation between vaccines and autism.

there is no correlation between vaccines and autism.

. 20. The DSM-5's diagnostic classification of psychological disorders aims to provide to psychologists and psychiatrists all of the following except A) a guide to predict a disorder's future course. B) suggestions for appropriate treatment. C) the promotion of research into a disorder's causes. D) help in creating a self-fulfilling prophecy

D) help in creating a self-fulfilling prophecy

33. ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. A 2013 study indicated that ________ percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the diagnosis after displaying key symptoms. A) more; 9 B) less; 5 C) more; 18 D) less; 11

D) less; 11

57. Generalized anxiety disorder is ________ common among men than women and ________ common among younger adults than older adults. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more

D) less; more

91. Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates A) free-floating anxiety. B) stimulus generalization. C) epigenetics. D) survivor resiliency.

D) survivor resiliency.

21. Among those seeking professional help for psychological disorders, eligibility for treatment is most likely to be guided by the use of the diagnostic criteria and codes provided by A) field trials. B) the biopsychosocial approach. C) maladaptive behaviors. D) the DSM-5.

D) the DSM-5.

14. Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by A) the DSM-5. B) the medical model. C) the learning perspective. D) the biopsychosocial approach.

D) the biopsychosocial approach.

15. The interaction of genetic predispositions, mental processes, and cultural circumstances is most clearly emphasized by A) the DSM-5. B) the medical model. C) the immigrant paradox. D) the biopsychosocial approach.

D) the biopsychosocial approach.

39. David Rosenhan and his fellow researchers were admitted as patients into various hospitals after they falsely complained of auditory hallucinations. After hospital clinicians analyzed these patients' quite normal life histories A) the patients were typically discharged from the hospital in less than a day after admission. B) the clinicians refused to prescribe any medications for these patients. C) the patients actually began to experience auditory hallucinations. D) the clinicians identified patient life history dynamics contributing to a psychological disorder.

D) the clinicians identified patient life history dynamics contributing to a psychological disorder.

186. Jonathan is unwilling to communicate with others, has no apparent feeling, and remains motionless for hours at a time. Jonathan is exhibiting A) the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. B) multiple personalities. C) bipolar disorder. D) the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

D) the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

30 Why is suicide not commonly associated with depression? Depressed people lack the motivation to complete suicide. Most suicide is completed during episodes of Persistent Depressive Disorder. Suicide is not a recurrent thought during episodes of major depression. Most suicide is completed during episodes of cyclothymia.

Depressed people lack the motivation to complete suicide

Which of the following is not a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? Possible Answers: Worry that becomes unproductive and restrictive Worry about every part of daily life Trouble stopping the worry process Muscle tension and fatigue Flashbacks

Flashbacks

Which is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Impaired executive functioning Flat affect Catatonia Hallucinations Delusions

Flat affect Flat affect is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, since it is a disruption in normal emotional functioning. Delusions, hallucinations, and catatonia are examples of positive symptoms, whereas impaired executive functioning is an example of a cognitive symptom

Which neurotransmitter inhibits excitation, and can promote a decrease in anxiety? Possible Answers: Acetylcholine Serotonin Norepinephrine GABA Dopamine

GABA "GABA" (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and is found throughout the neurons of the cortex. GABA deficiencies have been linked to anxiety disorders, and some anxiolytics (anxiety medications) work by increasing quantities of GABA available at neuron receptor sites.The other choices are incorrect. "Serotonin" is primarily associated with regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and is also implicated in nociception (sensation of pain). This neurotransmitter plays a major role in depression, but not necessarily anxiety. "Dopamine" is a major component of the reward system, and plays a role in arousal, motivation, motor control. "Norepinephrine" is mainly involved in preparing the body for action, for instance the 'flight or fight' response. It increases vigilance and alertness, focuses attention and improves memory recall and formation. Raised levels of norepinephrine can result in anxiety by way of increased stress. Last, "acetylcholine" is associated with motor neurons, and provides signals for the body to contract muscles. Drugs affecting this neurotransmitter thus may lead to paralysis or convulsions. In the brain acetylcholine plays a role in attention, arousal, and motivation.

A 6-year-old child, Lucas, is referred to psychological professional by his pediatrician. Lucas presents symptoms characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that occurs across a wide range of contexts and environments (e.g. school and home). He has difficulty falling asleep, is often irritable, and has trouble concentrating on classwork. Which of the following is the best diagnosis for Lucas? Possible Answers: Separation anxiety disorder Depression Post-traumatic stress disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Autism

Generalized anxiety disorder

Which one of the following disorders does not fall under autism spectrum disorder? Possible Answers: Asperger's syndrome Generalized anxiety disorder Autism Pervasive developmental disorder Childhood disintegrative disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

________ is characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension.Panic disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderGeneralized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is not symptomatic of mania? Possible Answers: Hallucinating Not sleeping Being more creative Talking a lot Being sexually promiscuous

Hallucinating

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Affective flattening Hallucinations None of these Alogia Avolition

Hallucinations

Which of the following is not a common symptom of depression? Possible Answers: Increased energy levels Sleep problems (hypersomnia or insomnia) Recurrent thoughts of death Impaired concentration Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities

Increased energy levels

Which of the following is most likely to happen during a manic episode? Possible Answers: Decreased speed of speech Lack of sexual drive Increased risk taking Increased need for sleep Lowered self esteem

Increased risk taking

Which is not a physiological response of anxiety? Possible Answers: Sweating Increased salivation Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate Rapid breathing

Increased salivation

A pervasive and inflexible pattern of maladaptive behavior is the defining feature of which class of disorders? Possible Answers: Mood disorders Trauma-related disorders Personality disorders Anxiety disorders

Personality disorders

According to the DSM-V, which of the following statements is true regarding personality disorders? Possible Answers: Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in adulthood. Personality disorders are easily treatable with cognitive behavioral therapy. Personality disorders are not included in the DSM-V because the DSM-V focuses on developmental psychiatric illnesses. Personality disorders are not comorbid with other psychiatric illnesses. Personality disorders are more commonly seen in indigenous countries.

Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in adulthood.

When John returned from the war in Iraq, he began to experience intense symptoms of anxiety without improvement over time. Which of the following is John most likely exhibiting? Possible Answers: Post-traumatic stress Generalized anxiety Social phobia Panic Agoraphobia

Post-traumatic stress

Which of the following is not a symptom of major depressive disorder? Possible Answers: Lack of drive, initiative, and spontaneity Preoccupation with maintaining a rigid, productive schedule Pessimism due to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness Ahnedonia (an inability to experience any pleasure at all) Disturbances in appetite and sleep

Preoccupation with maintaining a rigid, productive schedule

Which of the following is found in people diagnosed with Bipolar I but not Bipolar II disorder? Possible Answers: Presence or history of at least one major depressive episode Presence or history of at least one hypomanic episode Presence or history of at least one manic episode Presence or history of hallucinations

Presence or history of at least one manic episode

What kind of psychologist would be most likely to explain depression as the result of an unconscious process in which anger is turned inward, likely due to repression? A Biomedical B Cognitive C Behavioral D Psychoanalytic E Sociocultural

Psychoanalytic

Joanna feels that she needs to run up and down the stairs exactly 12 times before she leaves for school or else someone she loves will get hurt. What is the name for this type of intrusive, irrational thought? Possible Answers: a compulsion an obsession a fear a heritability a disturbance

an obsession The two parts of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are the obsessions and the compulsions. Obsessions are the irrational, intrusive thoughts that distress the person with OCD, and compulsions are the actions that the person takes to try to alleviate the distress of the obsession. In Joanna's case, the fear of someone getting hurt is the obsession and the running up and down the stairs is the compulsion.

If someone has excessive loss of appetite and fatigue but only during the months of November through March, what might they be diagnosed with? Possible Answers: Bipolar disorder Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Dysthymic disorder Minor depressive disorder Major depressive disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Which of the following disorders is characterized by school refusal, and clinging to one's parents? Possible Answers: Separation anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Bipolar disorder General phobia Dysthymia

Separation anxiety disorder

Depression is associated with low levels of which of the following neurotransmitters? Possible Answers: Dopamine GABA Serotonin Epinephrine

Serotonin

After meeting with a new patient who exhibits memory impairment following a car accident, Dr. Jameson diagnoses her with retrograde amnesia. What symptoms would you expect this patient to exhibit? She has new memories that have formed in the days following the accident, but can't recall anything before the accident. She hasn't been able to form any new memories in the days following the accident, but can clearly recall all of her memories prior to the accident. She hasn't been able to form any new memories in the days following the accident and has inconsistent memories from before. She appears to be missing pieces of many of her memories from throughout life. She can form new memories with one personality that aren't shared by her other personalities.

She has new memories that have formed in the days following the accident, but can't recall anything before the accident. Explanation The patient has retrograde amnesia, which is when a patient forgets their past, up to a certain point, but is able to form new memories.

Karen is showing signs of depression. Which is most likely NOT a symptom that Karen is experiencing? Possible Answers: Signs of aggression Lack of motivation Psychomotor retardation Inability to experience pleasure Low self-esteem

Signs of aggression

Camille sometimes wakes up multiple times in the middle of the night, coughing and gasping for air. Based on Camille's symptoms, which of the following sleep disorders could be interrupting her sleep pattern? Possible Answers: Insomnia Sleep apnea Sleep talking None of these Narcolepsy

Sleep apnea

90% of people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) often also suffer from another disorder. Which of the following disorders is most likely to co-occur with OCD? Possible Answers: Body dysmorphic disorders Mood disorders Social anxiety disorders Substance abuse disorders Panic disorders

Social anxiety disorders Of the 90% of OCD patients with comorbid disorders, 76% have social anxiety disorders. Approximately 63% suffer from mood disorders.

Which of the following is not a common symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Social isolation Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized behavior Disorganized thought

Social isolation

Which of the following conditions causes the person to experience a strong fear response? Possible Answers: Impulse control disorder Dissociative disorder Specific phobia Obsessive-compulsive disorder Somatoform disorder

Specific phobia

Which of these is not a symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions Flat affect Split personalities Waxy flexibility

Split personalities patients experience a split from their thinking processes and emotional responses, not within their personalities. This differentiates schizophrenia from dissociative identity disorder. On the other hand, the flat affect, waxy flexibility, delusions, and making up words are all symptoms of schizophrenia.

9 Organic brain disorders can be linked to which of the following diseases? Mononucleosis Foot and mouth disease Syphilis Crohn's disease

Syphilis

Who would be statistically more likely to develop PTSD: Tanya, who experienced sexual assault, or Miguel, who lost his house during a devastating tornado?Miguelthey are equally likely to develop PTSDTanya

Tanya

21 A person with a specific phobia, such as arachnophobia, has _____. an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger a heightened awareness to a specific trigger but not others an out-of-proportion anxious response to a random assortment of triggers an inappropriately relaxed response to a normally anxiety-inducing trigger

an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger People with a specific phobia, like arachnophobia, experience anxiety only with certain triggers.

Which of the following is not a type of anxiety disorder? Possible Answers: Panic disorder Agoraphobia Generalized anxiety disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania Trichotillomania is compulsive hair-pulling, including eyebrows and eyelashes. It is classified as an impulse-control disorder, not an anxiety disorder.

Q. The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior is called answer choices disinhibition. withdrawal. paranoia. dissociation.

withdrawal.

. 151. Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of A) optimism. B) learned helplessness. C) pessimism. D) linkage analysis.

C) pessimism.

What is the average age of onset for schizophrenia? Possible Answers: 50-65 34-49 13-18 25-34 18-25

18-25 Men tend to develop schizophrenia earlier than women, in that the average age of onset of schizophrenia for men is 18 and the average age of onset for women is 25. Many other psychological disorders come to fruition during the "young adult" period, including antisocial personality disorder and various mood disorder

Around ________ of those who complete suicide have a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, with mood disorders being the most frequent.a. 60%b. 80%c. 90%

. 90%

202. People born in ________ during the month of ________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia . A) North America; February B) Asia; September C) Australia; February D) Europe; September

. A) North America; February

19. APA's diagnostic manual is used for several purposes, including A) descriptions of disorders . B) estimates of how often a disorder occurs. C) determining who is eligible for treatment. D) all of these purposes

. D) all of these purposes

231. Those with narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with A) an irrational fear of people. B) weight. C) physical symptoms of distress . D) their own self-importance

. D) their own self-importance

Janet has a conversion disorder. You might expect her to exhibit symptoms similar to all of the following EXCEPT: A heart attack A stroke Epilepsy Paralysis

A heart attack Conversion disorder is a somatoform disorder with symptoms that at first seem neurological; you might have weakness or paralysis of part of the body, impaired speech, seizures, tremor and difficulty walking. However, symptoms of a heart attack would NOT be expected.

66. Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of A) depression. B) compulsions. C) phobias. D) obsessions.

C) phobias.

30. Some critics note that the DSM-5's labels are subjective, thus creating expectations that lead to clinicians developing ________ when diagnosing and treating a patient. A) a self-fulfilling prophecy B) moral treatment C) psychopathology D) a genetic predisposition

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy

Daniel lied, stole, fought, and conned people throughout his life. Further, he felt no guilt for his actions, even as he ruined the lives of those closest to him. He likely would be diagnosed with which personality disorder? A Antisocial B Borderline C Schizotypal D Avoidant E Histrionic

A Antisocial Lying, cheating, conning, or killing without any sense of guilt or remorse is indicative of antisocial personality disorder.

Panic Disorder is classified as which type of disorder? A Anxiety B Conversion C Dissociative D Mood E Undifferentiated

A Anxiety Panic Disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder. It involves unexpected episodes of dread, terror, and physiological symptoms arising from SNS arousal (racing heart, etc.), as well as fear of the next episode.

DSM 5 contains: A Defined specific criteria for each psychological disorder B Biological causes of disorders C Environmental causes of disorders D Suggested treatments for disorders E Preventative measures to avoid developing a disorder

A Defined specific criteria for each psychological disorder

Lula Cook's husband, Peter, went on a work trip and never returned home. Lula and her children presumed him to be dead. Years later, while on a road trip in another state, a real estate billboard caught Lula's eye — because it was her husband, now with a new life and a new family! Peter's symptoms and behavior would suggest what psychological occurrence? A Dissociative fugue B Dissociative identity disorder C Attachment disorder D Learned helplessness E Schizophrenia

A Dissociative fugue Dissociative fugue is an episode of amnesia in which a person is unable to recall some or all of one's past. This amnesia results in either the loss of one's identity or the formation of a new identity and typically occurs with a sudden, unexpected purposeful travel away from home without any other noticeable signs of illness.

A significant difference between a fear and a phobia is that: A Phobias are fears that are irrational and out of proportion to the stimulus B Phobias are fears under the individual's control C Phobias are not effectively treated by psychotherapy D Fears bring about less intense actions E Fears activate the parasympathetic nervous system, phobias do not

A Phobias are fears that are irrational and out of proportion to the stimulus

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by: A a lack of feelings of guilt and disregard for the law B a persistent, irrational fear of people C delusions of grandeur D disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity E episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal

A a lack of feelings of guilt and disregard for the law Antisocial personality disorder is most commonly linked with a lack of empathy, compassion, or feeling for other people. Those suffering from antisocial personality disorder exhibit a long term pattern of disregard for other peoples' feelings and well-being

A person with which condition is most likely to commit suicide? A bipolar person in manic episode A bipolar person in depressive episode A person just diagnosed with Persistent Depressive Disorder A person experiencing a major depressive episode

A bipolar person in manic episode

What is a somatoform disorder? Possible Answers: A disorder in which patients lie about having physical problems The medical term for having a disability A distressing disorder in which there is physical pain that can't be traced to a physical cause A disorder in which patient fears their skin is falling off A disorder where a patient has unexplained physical pain but is unconcerned by it

A distressing disorder in which there is physical pain that can't be traced to a physical cause People with a somatoform disorder are typically very distressed about their physical health and tend to assume and worry that small symptoms of illness, such as a sore throat, are a sign of a terrible illness, like throat cancer. Somatoform disorders do not have to do with the skin specifically, and people with somatoform disorders are truly convinced of their physical ailments. Furthermore, somatoform disorders can be disabling but somatoform disorders account for a very small percentage of disabilities and are not the medical term for having a disability.

Which of the following choices best describes a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions, believing you possess certain powers or abilities that others do not A flat effect, where one displays no emotion Inappropriate effect, where one reacts inappropriately in certain situations such as laughing at someone's death Hallucinations, where one believes there are things that are present which are not

A flat effect, where one displays no emotion

Which of the following is a difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode? Possible Answers: Hypomanic episodes only occur in children and adolescents A hypomanic episode lasts longer than a manic episode A hypomanic episode is not severe enough to require inpatient hospitalization A hypomanic episode has more depressive symptoms than a manic episode Hypomanic episodes do not happen to people with bipolar disorder, while manic episodes do

A hypomanic episode is not severe enough to require inpatient hospitalization A hypomanic episode is a period of persistently elevated or irritable mood that lasts for at least four days. This episode is markedly different from the person's usual mood, and it is not severe enough to cause occupational hazards or require hospitalization

Who would be most likely to experience hallucinations and/or delusions? Possible Answers: A woman who has selective mutism A child who has conduct disorder (CD) A child who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) A man experiencing a schizophrenic episode A woman experiencing a depressive episode

A man experiencing a schizophrenic episode Many people afflicted with schizophrenia report having hallucinations (hearing voices in one's head) and/or delusions (erroneous beliefs about being persecuted) while having a schizophrenic episode. Hallucinations and delusions are significantly less common in depressed, ADHD, CD, and selective mutism patients.

Which is a major reason that parents do not want to vaccinate their children for fear of them developing autism?A medical journal published an article saying autism was linked with the MMR vaccine.Over 20% of children who receive vaccinations before age 2 developed autism.The MMR and polio vaccines trigger a genetic change within children.

A medical journal published an article saying autism was linked with the MMR vaccine.

A patient diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder without any comorbid diagnoses is most likely to be prescribed __________. Possible Answers: A tranquilizer An opiate A hallucinogen A mood stabilizer An antipsychotic

A mood stabilizer

Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Flattened affect and decreased social awareness Withdrawal from social groups A decrease in self-inflected harm behaviors A new feeling of paranoia and paranoid behaviors

A new feeling of paranoia and paranoid behaviors A positive symptom is a gained behavior, while a negative symptom is a loss of normal function. The gained paranoia behaviors are therefore 'positive.'

Which of the following best describes the symptoms of Bipolar II Disorder? Possible Answers: Four or more episodes of depression, mania, or hypomania within one year A pattern of depressive episodes with some hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic episodes At least seven episodes of major depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states, all within a year. Six or more episodes of mania within two years Manic episodes that last at least a week, usually alternating with depressive episodes of 2 weeks or more

A pattern of depressive episodes with some hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic episodes Bipolar disorder has several sub-types. Bipolar I is defined by manic episodes that last at least a week, typically alternating with episodes lasting at least 2 weeks. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes with some hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic episodes. Four or more episodes of depression, mania, or hypomania, all within one year, is called rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Alternating episodes of depression and hypomania that last at least 2 years (but do not meet criteria for Bipolar I) is known as cyclothymic disorder.

What is "alogia"? Possible Answers: Derailment of conversational topics A poverty of speech production and processing The coining of new terms None of these Tangential speech

A poverty of speech production and processing

What's the difference between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist? Possible Answers: A clinical psychologist prescribes medication whereas a psychiatrist performs therapy A psychiatrist has to get a graduate degree whereas a clinical psychologist does not A clinical psychologist has to get a graduate degree whereas a psychiatrist does not A psychiatrist prescribes medication whereas a clinical psychologist performs therapy There is no difference

A psychiatrist prescribes medication whereas a clinical psychologist performs therapy

A heightened sense of fear towards a situation or object is an example of which of the following? Possible Answers: Paranoia Manic depression Fearfulness A specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder

A specific phobia

42. Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE? A) Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder. B) In much of the popular media, people with psychological disorders are portrayed in positive, but stereotyped ways, such as being creative geniuses or artistic prodigies. C) Research has shown that even people with mild psychological disorders tend to be dangerous and prone to violence. D) People with psychological disorders are the least stigmatized group in modern society.

A) Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder.

216. The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness. B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. C) binge eating. D) a lack of guilt feelings.

A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness

61. The most common symptoms of ________ are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation. The person may also sweat, tremble, and feel terrified. A) a panic attack B) generalized anxiety disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) free-floating anxiety

A) a panic attack

. 239. Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial and unemotional tendencies A) are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. B) are at decreased risk for antisocial behavior. C) have increased autonomic nervous system arousal when awaiting aversive events. D) have normal frontal lobe cognitive functions.

A) are at increased risk for antisocial behavior.

228. Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety and such a strong fear of rejection that it predisposes them to withdraw from society. This describes the A) avoidant personality. B) antisocial personality. C) histrionic personality. D) borderline personality

A) avoidant personality.

125. During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to A) be overactive B) have a negative explanatory style. C) feel uncontrollable grief and despair. D) demonstrate learned helplessness.

A) be overactive

43. The mass-killing shooters have several things in common, including that they tend to A) be young males. B) suffer from a psychological disorder. C) be older men with psychological disorders. D) be young women with gang affiliations.

A) be young males.

37. A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person. B) represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it. C) interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders. D) interfere with effective treatment of these disorders.

A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

. 250. Twenty-two-year-old Tawana is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly snack foods and rich desserts. Fearful of gaining more weight, she frequently takes laxatives and vomits following episodes of binge eating. Tawana most clearly suffers from A) bulimia nervosa. B) anorexia nervosa. C) a fugue state. D) narcissistic personality disorder

A) bulimia nervosa

192. James was abused as a child, and as he grew into his teens, he began to withdraw from others. When James reached the age of 21, he was clearly exhibiting all the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. He is not responding to medication. James is demonstrating ________ schizophrenia. A) chronic B) catatonic C) acute D) reactive

A) chronic

156. Rumination is A) compulsive fretting and overthinking about problems and their causes. B) denial about having any depressed feelings. C) explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable, and internal. D) the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.

A) compulsive fretting and overthinking about problems and their causes.

. 97. Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. His therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist's suggestion indicates that he believes Luke's fear results from A) conditioning. B) genes. C) epigenetics. D) a biological predisposition.

A) conditioning.

179. Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and that he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from A) delusions. B) obsessions. C) hallucinations. D) compulsions

A) delusions.

145. Professor Orlando eats a diet rich in vegetables, fish, and olive oil, referred to as the "Mediterranean Diet." According to the text, this diet will reduce the chances of him developing A) depression. B) mania. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) bipolar disorder.

A) depression.

160. According to Martin Seligman, the rise of Western individualism appears most clearly responsible for an increase in A) depression. B) mania. C) bipolar disorder. D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

A) depression.

45. Which of the following psychological disorder(s) was reported by the most people in the United States in 2008? A) depressive disorders B) posttraumatic stress disorder C) schizophrenia D) phobias

A) depressive disorders

172. Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by A) disorganized thinking and disturbed perceptions. B) a lack of guilt feelings. C) multiple personalities. D) periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

A) disorganized thinking and disturbed perceptions.

128. Fifteen-year-old Deshawn alternates between being depressed and out of control emotionally and behaviorally. During his hyperactive periods, he has vandalized property. According to the DSM-5, Jason is likely to be diagnosed with A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. B) major depressive disorder. C) persistent mood disorder. D) mania.

A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

. 23. The DSM-5 focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to A) facilitate the reliability of diagnoses. B) shorten the time it takes to make a diagnosis. C) avoid invading clients' psychological privacy. D) reduce the need for medical terminology in psychological assessments.

A) facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.

240. The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes. A) frontal B) temporal C) occipital D) parietal

A) frontal

195. Vigorous activity in the thalamus of schizophrenia patients has been found to be associated with A) hearing voices. B) flat affect. C) disorganized speech. D) repetitive rocking motions

A) hearing voices.

166. Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher

A) higher; higher

3. Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they A) interfere with normal day-to-day life. B) are socially unacceptable. C) differ from those of most other people in your culture. D) can result only from genetic changes.

A) interfere with normal day-to-day life.

. Dr. Liu is most interested in the study of how environmental influences can impact gene expression. Dr. Liu is interested in the study of A. epigenetics B. heritability C. linkage analysis D. the human genome

A. epigenetics Answer: According to the CDC, epigenetics is "the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence." In psychology, this information is most helpful in helping to understand why someone might develop a disorder or not.

15. After spending 18 months in combat and witnessing the death of several of his buddies, Peter is happy to be back home with his family. He is grateful for his good fortune and believes his experiences have made him a stronger and better person. Peter is showing signs of A. posttraumatic growth B. resistance C. repression D. transference

A. posttraumatic growth

5 If someone is inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactive, they likely have: ADHD ADD ADDH AHDD

ADHD

Which disorder includes symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsive behavior?autismschizoid personality disorderADHD

ADHD

Joanne was walking in the middle of Times Square and suddenly felt a rush of anxiety as she was squeezed between hoards of people. She felt the need to escape the situation in fear of an oncoming panic attack. Which of the following is most likely the cause of Joanne's sudden anxiety? Possible Answers: General anxiety Social phobia Arachnophobia Obsessive-compulsive disorder Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia

What kind of phobia is often comorbid with panic disorder and often inspires people to not want to leave their houses? Possible Answers: Arachnophobia Acrophobia Claustrophobia Mysophobia Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia

Which of the following are identifying clues in speech that suggest a person may be a psychopath? Possible Answers: A focus on basic needs such as food and drink An absence of remorse All of these Many cause and effect statements ("because", "so that") The excessive use of the past as opposed to present tense

All of these

Which of the following are kinds of hallucinations a paranoid schizophrenic may experience? Possible Answers: All of these Tactile Olfactory Auditory Visual

All of these

Which of the following is a type of delusion typical of paranoid schizophrenics? Possible Answers: Somatic delusions Delusions of reference Paranoid delusions All of these Delusions of grandeur

All of these

Which of the following are examples of disorganized speech? Possible Answers: All of these Clanging (i.e. rhyming) Derailment Neologisms Tangentiality

All of these "Tangentiality" is steering away from the topic at hand. For instance: Q: Have you been nervous or tense lately? A: No, I got a head of lettuce. "Derailment" occurs when the topic is constantly being changed. If asked whether or not they like TV, then a paranoid schizophrenic might respond with "My sister likes TV. I dance to what's on the TV. I like to draw and read stories." The patient can also cleverly coin new terms on the spot, which are called "neologisms." Last, excessive rhyming or almost poetic-like speech is calling "clanging."

Which of the following types of delusions are not associated with schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions of reference All of these Delusions of persecution Delusions of grandeur

All of these A schizophrenic is susceptible to certain kinds of delusions—namely those of grandeur, reference, and persecution. Delusions of grandeur lead the schizophrenic to believe they are greater than they are such as thinking they are a prophet or a god. Those of reference may lead them to believe secret messages are being sent to them and they must decode them. Those of persecution incite the paranoid belief that people are out to get them

7. The first person to promote "moral treatment" for psychological disorders, instead of the brutal treatments used during his time, was A) Sigmund Freud. B) Philippe Pinel. C) David Rosenhan. D) Lee Robins

B) Philippe Pinel.

Which of the following are considered to be cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Poor memory Disorganized thinking Difficulty expressing thoughts Poor concentration All of these

All of these All of the answer choices represent cognitive symptoms commonly associated with paranoid schizophrenia (i.e. symptoms regarding thinking, focus, and memory). Negative cognitive symptoms include a lack of concentration, memory, and an inability to express one's thoughts. On the other hand, positive cognitive symptoms include disorganized thinking that is generally chaotic and irrational.

Which of the following is not a reason why a person might develop post-traumatic stress disorder? Possible Answers: Combat Sexual assualt Natural disaster All of these answers are likely reasons why a person might develop post-traumatic stress disorder Torture

All of these answers are likely reasons why a person might develop post-traumatic stress disorde

In bipolar disorders, individuals exhibit signs of mania and depression. Which of the following answers is not a symptom of mania? Possible Answers: Decreased desire to and need for sleep Feelings of euphoria and joy that are out of proportion to the actual happenings in a person's life All of these answers are symptoms of mania Poor judgement, planning, and foresight about the potential consequences of their actions Feelings of remarkable energy

All of these answers are symptoms of mania

Which of the following is NOT an example of a compulsion someone may have with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Possible Answers: All of these are common compulsions associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Check to see if burner off every time walk into kitchen Excessive hand-washing after touch anything from outside the home Cleaning glasses every few minutes to make sure stay clean Unlock and relock the door multiple times when leaving home

All of these are common compulsions associated with Obsessive

Which of the following is not a commonly recognized symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions Hallucinations Incoherent Speech All of these are commonly recognized symptoms of schizophrenia Flat Affect

All of these are commonly recognized symptoms of schizophrenia

Which of the following events could cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Possible Answers: Surviving a car accident Surviving a serious bodily injury Surviving a natural disaster All of these could result in post-traumatic stress disorder Surviving a war

All of these could result in post-traumatic stress disorder

Which of the following factors is a major contributor to substance dependence? Possible Answers: Cultural norms Self-medicating behavior Impulsivity All of these factors

All of these factors

What is the most common type of dementia? Possible Answers: Dementia with Lewy bodies Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Vascular dementia

Alzheimer's disease

According to the DSM-V, which of the following is not classified as an anxiety disorder? Possible Answers: Specific phobia Anorexia nervosa Agoraphobia Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder

Anorexia nervosa

7. April, an aspiring novelist, will often spend weeks writing feverishly, getting little sleep. These periods of high energy and creativity will then often be followed by weeks where she can hardly get out of bed as she is convinced she will never be published. A psychologist would most likely diagnose April with A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. bipolar disorder C. panic disorder D. mania

Answer: Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic-depression disorder, is characterized by severe high and low shifts in mood, energy, and concentration. People who work in a creative profession--such as artists, writers and entertainers--are particularly prone to the disorder.

3. _______ is sometimes referred to as the "common cold of psychological disorders" because of its prevalence, although it is also one of the most treatable. A. ADHD B. PTSD C. generalized anxiety disorder D. depression

Answer: Depressive disorder occurs when at least five signs of depression last two or more weeks.. According to the National Institute of Health, an estimated 17.3 million adults in the United States had at least one major depressive episode in 2017, which is roughly 7% of all U.S. adults. In that same year, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was higher among adult females (8.7%) compared to males (5.3%)

4. Aki often experiences feelings of tension and worry, although she really can't put her finger on any one thing that she is nervous about. This agitation often results in her inability to fall asleep at night. Aki is most likely suffering from A. ADHD B. social anxiety disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. panic disorder

Answer: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is diagnosed when a person continually feels tense and uneasy for at least six months and has three or more symptoms. This is different from worry that may be specific to a specific stressor or for a more limited period of time.

5. Martin has difficulty carrying out his daily activities and holding down a job because he is constantly worried about dirt and germs. Most days, he washes his hands 25-30 times to avoid catching a disease. Martin most likely has A. conversion disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. panic disorder

Answer: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by uncontrollable, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or behaviors (compulsions). In this scenario, Martin is obsessed with the danger of germs in his environment and hand washing has become a compulsion. OCD is more common in among adolescents and young adults and it symptoms do seem to lessen over time.

6. AJ was involved in a serious automobile accident in high school and suffered major trauma to his brain when he was thrown through the windshield. Although he is now 30 years old, he avoids riding in cars because it causes high anxiety. He also often has vivid flashbacks and nightmares that lead to insomnia. AJ is most clearly showing signs of A. conversion disorder B. panic disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Typical symptoms include flashbacks/nightmares; avoiding places, objects or events; and feelings of anxiety. In order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the symptoms must linger for four or more weeks after the traumatic incident.

8. Martin believes he is an alien from planet Pandora and is often seen walking the streets talking to himself about voices from outer space who are communicating with him. Martin is showing signs of A. dissociative identity disorder B. conversion disorder C. antisocial personality disorder D. schizophrenia

Answer: Schizophrenia is a mental illness marked by delusions (false beliefs) hallucinations (false sensory experiences), disorganized speech and thought and inappropriate emotional expression. The voices Martin hears are hallucinations, and his belief that he is an alien from another planet is a delusion.

Which of the following disorders is more common in men than women? Possible Answers: Separation anxiety disorder Factitious disorder Bulimia nervosa Depression Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of these psychological disorders is not diagnosed in children under the age of 18? Possible Answers: Depression Antisocial personality disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Separation anxiety disorder Autism

Antisocial personality disorder

________________ disorders are a class of mental illnesses marked by feelings of excessive apprehension, nervousness, or worry. Possible Answers: Psychotic Mood Dissociative Anxiety

Anxiety

Which of the following is not a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? Possible Answers: Anxiety stemming from a traumatic injury A fear of contamination Avoidance of situations that may trigger obsessions Intense stress when objects are not in order Compulsions to reduce anxiety

Anxiety stemming from a traumatic injury

How many manic or depressive episodes do those with rapid cycling bipolar disorder experience in one year? Possible Answers: At least 50 At least 10 At least 2 At least 4 At least 20

At least 4

Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder? Possible Answers: Specific phobia disorder Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Separation anxiety disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Which of the following is the most common type of sensory hallucination? Possible Answers: Tactile Gustatory Olfactory Visual Auditory

Auditory Many people with schizophrenia have hallucinations, which can be defined as sensory experiences without sensory stimulation. Although auditory, visual, tactile (touch), gustatory (taste), and olfactory (smell) hallucinations are all possible, auditory hallucinations, particularly hearing voices that no one else can hear, are by far the most common

Which of the following behavioral responses is common to most anxiety disorders? Possible Answers: Avoidance Paralysis Nervousness Sweating Depression

Avoidance

Which DSM-IV axis includes all personality disorders? Possible Answers: Axis II Axis V Axis I Axis III Axis IV

Axis II The multi-axial system of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) was created in 1994 to address the "whole person" when making psychiatric diagnoses. Axis I refers to the principal disorder in question (e.g., schizophrenia), axis II refers to personality disorders, axis III lists medical disorders that impact a client's psychiatric state, axis IV takes psychosocial factors into account (e.g., recent divorce leading to depression), and axis V gives an overall global functioning score on a scale of 0-100.

On which axis of the DSM-IV are personality disorders diagnosed? Possible Answers: Axis V Axis I Axis IV Axis III Axis II

Axis II Personality disorders are diagnosed on axis II of the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual). However, the multiple axes have been abolished in the latest version of the DSM, called the DSM-V. Some of the most common personality disorders include antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.

181. One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech and behavior. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech and behavior have A) negative symptoms. B) a breakdown in selective attention. C) low levels of dopamine. D) increased working-memory capacity.

B) a breakdown in selective attention.

92. Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate A) stimulus generalization. B) conditioning. C) posttraumatic growth. D) epigenetics.

C) posttraumatic growth.

51. Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety? A) The night before his final exam, Bill is unable to sleep because he is worried about doing well on the test. B) For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe. C) Seth is upset because his girlfriend told him she wants to start dating other guys, and he is afraid that she will break up with him. D) Barbara has just found out that her company has been sold, and she is very worried that she might lose her job.

B) For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe.

90. Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing A) panic disorder. B) PTSD. C) OCD. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

B) PTSD.

Which of the following fears or phobias is considered the fear of open spaces? A Acrophobia B Agoraphobia C Aerophobia D Arachnophobia E Claustrophobia

B Agoraphobia A fear of open spaces is known as agoraphobia. Acrophobia is fear of heights, aerophobia is fear of flying, arachnophobia is fear of insects, and claustrophobia is fear of enclosed spaces.

Rod was a boxer, routinely taking punches to his head and body. One day, he was punched over his right eye, and he indicated immediately afterward that he was blind. Doctors in the hospital indicated no physiological cause for the blindness. This may be a case of what psychological disorder? A Anxiety disorder B Conversion disorder C Paranoid schizophrenia D Post-traumatic stress disorder E Traumatic brain injury

B Conversion disorder When the boxer's head was hit and he couldn't see, it was a conversion reaction with no physiological foundation.

For which of the following would the DSM 5 be most useful? A Kim is excessively introverted. B Denise is chronically depressed. C John has poor interpersonal skills. D Tyson has trouble solving algebra problems. E Tony is unsure of his sexual orientation.

B Denise is chronically depressed. The DSM 5 is used by health care professionals in the US as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. The DSM 5 contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. The only mental disorder in this example is in reference to Denise and chronic depression.

Which category of psychological disorders is most commonly treated in the United States? A Personality disorders B Mood disorders C Schizophrenic disorders D Sexual disorders E Somatic symptom disorders

B Mood disorders Mood disorders are so common in the United States that they are often referred to as the "common cold" of psychological disorders.

During the manic phase of a bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to experience: A lethargy and immobility B high irrational self-esteem C compulsive behavior D delusions of persecution E grief and despair

B high irrational self-esteem

53. A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by A) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal. C) a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of some object, activity, or situation. D) nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia.

B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

211. William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from A) schizotypal personality disorder. B) a dissociative disorder. C) binge eating disorder. D) borderline personality disorder.

B) a dissociative disorder.

214. Victor, a New York City investment broker, quit his job in a fit of rage after being accused of embezzling thousands of dollars of his clients' money. Four months later, the police discovered Victor driving a cab in Los Angeles. Victor claimed that his name was actually George Saunders, that he had always been a cab driver in Los Angeles, and that he had no knowledge of Victor. Even after he was positively identified as Victor, "George Saunders" insisted that he was someone else. Assuming that he was not faking his condition to escape arrest, Victor was probably suffering from A) a personality disorder. B) a fugue state. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.

B) a fugue state.

117. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by A) repetitive thoughts of suicide. B) a mildly depressed mood more often than not for two years or more. C) emotional volatility. D) a seasonal pattern of depression symptoms.

B) a mildly depressed mood more often than not for two years or more.

58. While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from A) social anxiety disorder. B) a panic attack. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) a phobia.

B) a panic attack.

168. Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among A) adolescent males. B) adolescent females. C) older adult males. D) older adult females

B) adolescent females.

50. Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of A) stimulus generalization. B) an anxiety disorder. C) survivor resiliency . D) epigenet

B) an anxiety disorder.

236. Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women? A) binge eating disorder B) antisocial personality disorder C) dissociative identity disorder D) anorexia nervosa

B) antisocial personality disorder

238. There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to A) fugue states. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) dissociative disorders. D) avoidant personality disorder

B) antisocial personality disorder.

241. Marked deficits in frontal lobe cognitive functions, such as planning and organization, are associated with A) binge eating disorder B) antisocial personality disorder. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) fugue states

B) antisocial personality disorder.

252. People with anorexia nervosa often come from families that A) lack educational opportunities. B) are high achieving and competitive. C) are unable to afford adequate food. D) don't care about physical appearance or excess weight.

B) are high achieving and competitive.

32. Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) autism spectrum disorder.

B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

. 110. We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a ________ perspective. A) learning B) biological C) psychoanalytic D) humanistic

B) biological

138. Depression is more likely to be a shared tendency between identical twins than between fraternal twins. This most clearly supports explanations of this mood disorder from a ________ perspective. A) learned helplessness B) biological C) social-cognitive D) explanatory style perspective

B) biological

40. Linkage analysis is of greatest interest to those who attempt to explain depressive disorders and bipolar disorder from a ________ perspective. A) learned helplessness B) biological C) social-cognitive D) explanatory style

B) biological

. 123. In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement? A) persistent depressive disorder B) bipolar disorder C) phobia D) major depressive disorder

B) bipolar disorder

124. Between 1994 and 2003, there was a 40-fold increase in the number of people 19 and under diagnosed each year with A) persistent depressive disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) seasonal pattern depression. D) major depressive disorder.

B) bipolar disorder

233. Teresa is emotionally volatile, particularly with friends and boyfriends. She is extremely dramatic about even the smallest disappointments and is sexually and behaviorally very impulsive. Teresa would be considered to have ________ personality disorder. A) antisocial B) borderline C) narcissistic D) schizotypal

B) borderline

249. Lana is about the right weight for her age and height. Nevertheless, whenever she goes on an eating binge, she purges the excessive food by self-induced vomiting. It is likely that Lana suffers from A) anorexia nervosa. B) bulimia nervosa. C) a personality disorder. D) a fugue state

B) bulimia nervosa.

18. The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders. A) explain B) classify C) cure D) prevent

B) classify

115. Distress most of the time over a two-week period because of fatigue or loss of energy is most likely associated with A) mania. B) major depressive disorder. C) dipolar disorder. D) persistent depressive disorder.

B) major depressive disorder.

29. The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for A) attempting to explain behavior by simply labeling it. B) classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered. C) failing to base diagnoses on observable behaviors. D) inhibiting scientific efforts to discover the underlying causes of psychological disorders.

B) classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.

96. Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggests that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a view that her fear is caused by A) epigenetics. B) conditioning. C) genes . D) cognition

B) conditioning.

49. Among women, the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate A) ADHD. B) depression. C) schizophrenia. D) an eating disorder.

B) depression.

24. Clinicians diagnose the presence of insomnia disorder using the ________ in the DSM5. A) biological predispositions identified B) diagnostic criteria and codes C) biopsychosocial levels of analysis D) cultural definitions of disorder

B) diagnostic criteria and codes

44. The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of A) field studies. B) diagnostic labels. C) the medical model. D) the biopsychosocial approach.

B) diagnostic labels.

215. Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n) A) eating disorder. B) dissociative disorder. C) personality disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

B) dissociative disorder.

217. Nora's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home, phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of, and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing. At the clinic, Nora admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, using a different voice, facial expression, and demeanor, Nora said to the psychologist, "Don't pay any attention to that old Nora. She's just a bore. My name is Patty, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to." The psychologist suspects that Nora's symptoms are characteristic of A) anorexia nervosa. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) bulimia nervosa. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

B) dissociative identity disorder.

220. Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to A) anorexia nervosa. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) bulimia nervosa. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

B) dissociative identity disorder.

193. Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for A) norepinephrine. B) dopamine. C) serotonin. D) acetylcholine.

B) dopamine.

4. In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association discontinued classifying homosexuality as a disorder because mental health workers no longer considered same-sex attraction as inherently A) stress-related. B) dysfunctional. C) compulsive. D) illegal.

B) dysfunctional.

206. During prenatal development, nutritional deprivation may influence the expression of certain genes that are known to increase the risk of specific physical and psychological disorders. This best illustrates the impact of A) stimulus generalization. B) epigenetic factors. C) linkage analysis. D) dissociation.

B) epigenetic factors.

146. Professor Zinn suggests that depression may stem from the impact of stressful experiences on molecular structures that control gene expression. The professor's suggestion most clearly highlights the importance of A) explanatory styles. B) epigenetic influences. C) rumination. D) learned helplessness.

B) epigenetic influences.

113. Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. The professor's emphasis best illustrates the ________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) evolutionary C) biological D) learning

B) evolutionary

.22. The DSM-5 does NOT A) include a classification of personality disorders. B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders . C) include a very broad range of psychological disorders. D) provide guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders

B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders

148. According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to A) have unrealistically optimistic goals in life. B) feel overwhelmed by all they have to do. C) experience low levels of norepinephrine. D) experience cyclical variations in hormone levels.

B) feel overwhelmed by all they have to do.

54. Freud suggested that for those suffering a generalized anxiety disorder, the anxiety is A) cyclical. B) free-floating. C) repressed. D) completely outside of conscious awareness.

B) free-floating.

55. Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by constant, excessive, and unjustified anxiety about a wide range of issues and circumstances? A) panic disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) agoraphobia D) posttraumatic stress disorder

B) generalized anxiety disorder

. 144. Studies show that the memory-processing center linked with the brain's emotional circuitry is vulnerable to stress-related damage. This center is the A) left frontal lobe. B) hippocampus. C) ventricles. D) white matter.

B) hippocampus.

132. Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n) A) decrease in self-focused thinking. B) increased expectation of negative outcomes. C) increased externalization of blame. D) increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure.

B) increased expectation of negative outcomes.

102. Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times a day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective. A) biological B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) humanistic

B) learning

79. Omar is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly, he refuses to allow anyone into his apartment, he carries his own silverware for whenever he eats away from home, and he washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Omar would most likely be diagnosed with A) panic disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) agoraphobia

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

60. Which of the following disorders is characterized by the most sudden and unpredictable episodes of distress? A) social anxiety disorder B) panic disorder C) obsessions D) compulsions

B) panic disorder

62. For the third time in two months, Amber's husband rushed her to the hospital emergency room because she thought she was having a heart attack. Her symptoms included a racing heart, weakness, feeling faint, and feeling as if she were unable to breathe. Although her doctor says she is physically healthy, Amber lives in fear of another attack. Amber is most likely suffering from which psychological disorder? A) specific phobia B) panic disorder C) generalized anxiety disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

B) panic disorder

191. People with reactive schizophrenia more often have the ________ symptoms that respond to drug therapy. A) negative B) positive C) bipolar D) unipolar

B) positive

85. Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of A) panic disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) social anxiety disorder.

B) posttraumatic stress disorder.

5. Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is A) also noticeable in other members of her family. B) preventing her from functioning effectively. C) not caused by a biological disorder. D) difficult for her to change

B) preventing her from functioning effectively.

. 204. If identical twins share a single placenta rather than having separate placentas, their chances of being similarly affected by ________ are dramatically increased. A) OCD B) schizophrenia C) a dissociative disorder D) antisocial personality disorder

B) schizophrenia

177. Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from A) multiple personality disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) panic disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

201. Danes born in densely populated areas have been found to be at increased risk for A) agoraphobia. B) schizophrenia. C) dissociative disorders. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

107. Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter A) glutamate. B) serotonin. C) epinephrine. D) acetylcholine.

B) serotonin.

71. An incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of A) panic disorder. B) social anxiety disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) social anxiety disorder.

72. Persistent avoidance of social situations due to an intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others is most characteristic of A) panic disorder. B) social anxiety disorder. C) free-floating anxiety. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) social anxiety disorder.

35. Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________. A) stimulant; PTSD B) stimulant; ADHD C) depressant; PTSD D) depressant; ADHD

B) stimulant; ADHD

. 80. The incidence of OCD is greatest among A) preadolescent children. B) teens and young adults. C) middle-aged adults. D) older retired persons.

B) teens and young adults.

48. Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder than people who have recently immigrated from Mexico to the United States. This provides an example of A) the epigenetic advantage. B) the immigrant paradox. C) susto. D) taijin-kyofusho.

B) the immigrant paradox.

13. If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to A) epigenetics. B) the medical model. C) the social-cognitive approach. D) the DSM-5.

B) the medical model.

9. The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of A) the biopsychosocial approach. B) the medical model. C) the DSM-5. D) epigenetics.

B) the medical model.

143. Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with A) mania. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder . C) depression. D) bipolar disorder

C) depression.

1. Dr. Bellows believes that psychological disorders should be treated with a combination of medicine, talk therapy and an examination of the person's family history. This approach is indicative of A. the medical model B. the biopsychosocial approach C. the social-cultural approach D. the psychoanalytical approach

B. the biopsychosocial approach Answer: The biopsychosocial approach to understanding psychological disorders considers how biological, social-cultural, and psychological weave together to influence our thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. In this case, the medicine would treat the biological influences, the talk therapy the psychological factors and the family history social-cultural influences.

A young girl is bitten on the face by a large dog and subsequently cannot stand to see a dog or talk about dogs. Which branch of psychology is most likely to present this scenario as the way that phobias develop? Possible Answers: Developmental psychology Biopsychology Psychodynamic psychology Social psychology Behavioral psychology

Behavioral psychology

Which of the following disorders is not typically treated with psychotropic medication? Possible Answers: Bipolar disorder Binge eating disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Depression

Binge eating disorder

Jenna's parents have noticed that she has frequent mood swings. At one moment, she will be energetic and cheerful, but then later for no apparent reason she will be gloomy and depressed. She will often alternate between episodes of each throughout the week. Her parents are concerned that she may likely have which psychological disorder? Possible Answers: Disassociative Identity Disorder Schizophrenia Disassociative Fugue Bipolar Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

137. The highest rates of depression occur in ________ countries among ________. A) developed; children B) underdeveloped; children C) developed; young adults D) undeveloped; young adults

C) developed; young adults

26. The DSM-5 has introduced a new and controversial diagnostic label for children who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts. This pattern of behavior is now labeled A) anorexia nervosa. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

What is the difference between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder? Possible Answers: Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder are only different in that in Bipolar II disorder, hypomanic episodes occur more often. Bipolar I disorder means at least one major depressive episode and at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II disorder means at least one hypomanic episode. None of the other answers is accurate. Bipolar I disorder means at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no full-blown manic episodes, while Bipolar II disorder means at least one manic episode. Bipolar I disorder means at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II disorder means at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no full-blown manic episodes.

Bipolar I disorder means at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II disorder means at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no full-blown manic episodes

Sarah alternates between periods of sadness—where she has little interest in life and low energy—and periods of excessive energy—where she has little need for sleep and engages in reckless behavior. Given what you know about her symptoms, what is Sarah's most likely diagnosis? Possible Answers: Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Depression Borderline personality disorder Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following psychological disorders is characterized by periods of depression alternating with periods of mania? Possible Answers: Obsessive-compulsive disorder Depressive disorder Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Dissociative disorder

Bipolar disorder

17 Jane always finds herself obsessing over the smallest imperfection every time she walks past a mirror. She notices the tiniest pimple, or the smallest blemish even if it is not noticeable to anyone else. All of Jane's friends and family do not see the flaws that she sees when she looks in the mirror. Based on the example above, Jane most likely suffers from: Body dysmorphic disorder Anorexia Bulimia Anxiety

Body dysmorphic disorder Body dysmorphic disorder occurs when one is constantly occupied by bodily faults or imperfections. These faults and imperfections are often exaggerated in the eye of the person with BDD, and not necessarily noticed by others.

In America, social anxiety stems from our fear of public humiliation and embarrassment. In Korea and Japan, taijin kyofusho refers to social anxiety caused by which of the following? Possible Answers: Inappropriate emotional response Public embarrassment Body odor and blushing Unwanted body contact Messy hair

Body odor and blushing

People who experience intensely unstable relationships, highly impulsive behaviors, aversion to abandonment, idealization and devaluation of people in relationships, and inappropriate anger or paranoid may be diagnosed with __________. Possible Answers: Delusional Schizophrenia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Bipolar disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder is categorized by traits such as unstable relationships full of distrust and/or idealization, issues with abandonment fears, emotions such as emptiness and anger at inappropriate times, paranoia, and impulsiveness.

hich personality disorder is characterized by unstable moods, behaviors, and relationships? Possible Answers: Antisocial personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder The essential components of "borderline personality disorder" include a pattern of impulsivity and instability of behaviors, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. This personality disorder typically begins in early adulthood (ages 18-25), but has temperamental underpinnings in childhood and adolescence.

Which of the following personality disorders possesses the highest suicide rate? Possible Answers: Borderline personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Antisocial/ psychopath disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Borderline personality disorder While borderline personality disorder (BPD) does not have the highest suicide rate of any psychological disorder, it has the highest of the personality class. Some reports estimate that up to 10% of diagnosed patients carry through with suicide

According to the biological perspective, psychological disorders result from: A Traumatic childhood experiences B Lack of positive self-regard C Distorted thinking D Dysfunctional societal views E Brain abnormalities

Brain abnormalities

How is bulimia different from binge eating?Bulimia consists of starvation, distorted body image, and low body weight, while binge eating consistsof overeating and then purging.Bulimia consists of binge eating and then purging the food, while binge eating consists of overeating and then feeling guilty.Bulimia consists of overeating, which binge eating consists of overeating to the point of feeling sick and vomiting.

Bulimia consists of binge eating and then purging the food, while binge eating consists of overeating and then feeling guilty.

6 How is oppositional defiance disorder recognized? By disobedient behavior that is generally limited to verbal outbursts. By disobedient behavior of any kind. By a distrust of authority. By a questioning of authority figures.

By disobedient behavior that is generally limited to verbal outbursts.

222. Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms. A) role playing B) sexual trauma C) dissociation D) motivational conflict

C) dissociation

213. The experience of a fugue state is indicative of a(n) ________ disorder. A) eating B) personality disorder C) dissociative D) emotional intelligence

C) dissociative

52. Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from A) social anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) a phobia.

C) generalized anxiety disorder.

83. Frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event, social withdrawal, nightmares, and the increased physical arousal associated with anxiety are the major symptoms associated with A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) posttraumatic stress disorder . D) social anxiety disorder.

C) posttraumatic stress disorder

DSM 5 refers to: A Developmental and Social Expectations for Mental Development, 5th edition B Developmental and Statistical Model of Mental Disorders, 5th edition C Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition D Dietary and Statistical Model for Avoidance of Mental Defects, 5th edition E Drug and Shock for Mental Disorders, 5th edition

C Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition

What are obsessions? A False beliefs of persecution of grandeur. B Hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. C Offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. D Periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations. E Persistent, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

C Offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

31. Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of A) OCD. B) PTSD. C) ADHD. D) DSM.

C) ADHD.

89. Who of the following is LEAST likely to develop PTSD? A) Anna, who was raped and has a history of anxiety B) Bill, who experienced war trauma and has a smaller amygdala than average C) Stan, who experienced a mugging but has no history of PTSD in his family D) Jessica, who was recently assaulted and has a twin sister with PTSD

C) Stan, who experienced a mugging but has no history of PTSD in his family

46. After conducting 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people, the World Health Organization estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? A) United Kingdom B) Japan C) United States D) France

C) United States

173. A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is A) a phobia. B) a dissociation. C) a psychosis . D) bulimia nervosa

C) a psychosis

. 70. An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of A) an obsession. B) a compulsion. C) a specific phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

C) a specific phobia.

189. Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia. A) chronic B) catatonic C) acute D) process

C) acute

190. Macy developed schizophrenia quite suddenly after being sexually assaulted in a parking lot. Macy is responding to medication and most of her symptoms have abated. Macy's case illustrates ________ schizophrenia. A) chronic B) catatonic C) acute D) process

C) acute

64. Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) social anxiety disorder. C) agoraphobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

C) agoraphobia

88. People who are more vulnerable to PTSD have a smaller _______ than those who do not develop this disorder. A) anterior cingulate cortex B) left occipital lobe C) amygdala D) left temporal lobe

C) amygdala

247. Chastity was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning and weighing the food she ate, and sometimes would claim to have already eaten. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case most clearly demonstrates symptoms of A) bulimia nervosa. B) dissociative disorder. C) anorexia nervosa. D) personality disorder.

C) anorexia nervosa.

237. Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of A) borderline personality disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) a dissociative disorder.

C) antisocial personality disorder.

38. After George learned that Mrs. Min suffered from schizophrenia, he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder. This best illustrates the A) unreliability of the DSM-5. B) shortcomings of the medical model. C) biasing power of diagnostic labels. D) dangers of the biopsychosocial approach.

C) biasing power of diagnostic labels.

126. George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of A) dysthymia. B) persistent depressive disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) major depressive disorder.

C) bipolar disorder.

129. A seasonal pattern of symptoms is most likely to be a characteristic of A) learned helplessness. B) a negative explanatory style. C) bipolar disorder. D) rumination.

C) bipolar disorder.

248. The onset of ________ nearly always begins after a person has broken diet restrictions and gorged. A) anorexia nervosa B) borderline personality disorder C) bulimia nervosa D) dissociative identity disorde

C) bulimia nervosa

163. Stressful events interpreted with a negative explanatory style can encourage dampened mood states that lead to behavioral withdrawal and subsequent social rejection by others. This best illustrates A) bipolar disorder. B) learned helplessness. C) depression's vicious cycle. D) rumination

C) depression's vicious cycle

131. The number-one reason people seek mental health services is A) bipolar disorder. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) depression. D) mania.

C) depression.

56. Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane's free-floating anxiety leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n) A) phobia. B) social anxiety disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C) generalized anxiety disorder.

27. Field trials indicate that the DSM-5 does not A) include a very broad range of different psychological disorders. B) estimate the frequency of different psychological disorders. C) generate the same levels of diagnostic agreement for every different form of psychological disorder. D) classify psychological disorders that have been shown to be genetically influenced.

C) generate the same levels of diagnostic agreement for every different form of psychological disorder.

. 106. A traumatic experience may trigger a lasting phobia in a child with a sensitive, highstrung temperament. The same experience, however, may have no long-term impact on a child with a more relaxed temperament. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the development of phobias. A) epigenetics B) resiliency C) genetic predispositions D) free-floating anxiety

C) genetic predispositions

176. Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? A) an expressionless face B) a lack of guilt feelings C) hallucinations D) flat affect

C) hallucinations

194. Dopamine overactivity appears to be most clearly related to A) flat affect. B) agoraphobia. C) hallucinations. D) bipolar disorder.

C) hallucinations.

103. Obsessive thoughts typically ________ anxiety and compulsive behaviors typically ________ anxiety. A) increase; increase B) decrease; decrease C) increase; decrease D) decrease; increase

C) increase; decrease

205. An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia. A) increase; increase B) do not increase; do not increase C) increase; do not increase D) do not increase; increase

C) increase; do not increase

188. Schizophrenia is said to be chronic when A) it is responsive to drug therapy. B) it is accompanied by hallucinations. C) it develops slowly. D) recovery is likely even without professional help.

C) it develops slowly.

. 6. The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of evil spirits is that these explanations A) were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia. B) encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity. C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments. D) relieved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.

135. Men are generally ________ vulnerable than women to disorders involving internal states such as anxiety or depression. Men are generally ________ vulnerable than women to disorders involving external behaviors such as alcohol use or antisocial conduct. A) less; less B) more; more C) less; more D) more; less

C) less; more

87. Some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ________, which floods the body with stress hormones. A) motor cortex B) cerebellum C) limbic system D) frontal lobe

C) limbic system

. 164. Compared with the general population, those who have suffered ________ have at least five times greater risk of suicide . A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder B) mania C) major depressive disorder D) learned helplessness

C) major depressive disorder

118. Severe, debilitating depression is to ________ as chronic, low-grade depression is to ________. A) major depressive disorder; mania B) persistent depressive disorder; disruptive mood dysregulation disorder C) major depressive disorder; persistent depressive disorder D) persistent depressive disorder; bipolar disorder

C) major depressive disorder; persistent depressive disorder

59. In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are A) more intense and more prolonged. B) less intense and less prolonged. C) more intense and less prolonged. D) less intense and more prolonged.

C) more intense and less prolonged.

. 232. Professor Solera studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. Professor Solera is studying people with ________ personality disorder. A) histrionic B) antisocial C) narcissistic D) schizotypal

C) narcissistic

. 169. On several recent occasions Sarah intentionally used cigarettes to inflict painful but nonlife-threatening burns on her arms. Her behavior best illustrates A) major depressive disorder. B) dysthymia. C) nonsuicidal self-injury. D) OCD.

C) nonsuicidal self-injury.

76. Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of A) compulsions. B) an obsession. C) agoraphobia. D) panic disorder.

C) obsession

108. Brain scans of people with ________ reveal higher-than-normal activity in brain areas involved in habitual behaviors. A) phobias B) specific phobias C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) social anxiety disorder

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder

109. The anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, seems especially likely to be hyperactive in those with A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) social anxiety disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) PTSD

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

167. Of those who commit suicide, about ________ have tried to kill themselves before and ________ have discussed suicide beforehand. A) one-third; only a minority B) one-tenth; only a minority C) one-third; most D) one-tenth; most

C) one-third; most

153. Depressed people explain their failures in terms that are internal, stable, and global. Their explanations tend to be self-focused and A) manic. B) epigenetic. C) overgeneralized. D) free-floating.

C) overgeneralized.

1. A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance that A) is aggressive, persistent, and intentional. B) is selfish, habitual, and avoidable. C) represents a significant disturbance in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors. D) is biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change

C) represents a significant disturbance in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors.

. 180. In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a word salad? A) panic disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) dissociative disorder

C) schizophrenia

12. Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide. A) taijin kyofusho B) anorexia nervosa C) schizophrenia D) susto

C) schizophrenia

197. Brain scans have found enlarged fluid-filled areas in people with A) antisocial personality disorder. B) panic disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) agoraphobia.

C) schizophrenia.

200. Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to A) generalized anxiety disorders. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) bipolar disorder.

C) schizophrenia.

207. Disruptive or withdrawn behavior, poor peer relations, and solo play have been noted as early warning signs of A) panic disorder. B) agoraphobia. C) schizophrenia. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C) schizophrenia.

40. When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of A) the medical model. B) epigenetics. C) self-fulfilling prophecies. D) the biopsychosocial approach.

C) self-fulfilling prophecies.

147. Which perspective has emphasized the impact of learned helplessness on depression? A) cultural B) biological C) social-cognitive D) explanatory styles

C) social-cognitive

67. Alan always has been terrified of spiders. He refuses to enter his bedroom at night until it has been thoroughly checked for spiders. Even a picture of a spider makes him extremely uncomfortable. Most likely, Alan is suffering from a psychological disorder called A) social anxiety disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) specific phobia. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

C) specific phobia.

98. A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates A) survivor resiliency. B) agoraphobia. C) stimulus generalization. D) epigenetics.

C) stimulus generalization.

99. Daniel has a fear of heights that prevents him from going into tall buildings, flying, or driving over bridges. Daniels phobia illustrates A) survivor resiliency. B) agoraphobia. C) stimulus generalization. D) epigenetics

C) stimulus generalization.

. 171. When the need to belong and the need to feel effective are frustrated, the person is especially likely to experience A) a pessimistic explanatory style. B) mania. C) suicidal urges. D) linkage analysis.

C) suicidal urges.

. 242. In a study of antisocial crime, Adrian Raine analyzed the backgrounds of three groups of men with criminal records. One group had biological risk factors for criminal behavior, another group came from a background of poverty and family instability, and a third group was marked by both biological and social factors (biosocial group). Which group demonstrated twice the risk for criminal behavior? A) those who came from poverty and family instability B) those who had biological risk factors C) the biosocial group D) All three groups were equally at risk for criminal behavior.

C) the biosocial group

81. Support for the genetic basis for the development of OCD comes from A) field studies. B) inner psychological dynamics. C) twin studies. D) cultural studies.

C) twin studies.

What does the cognitive model postulate as the cause of unipolar depression? Possible Answers: None of these answers represent the cognitive model for explaining unipolar depression Cognitive theorists believe that people with unipolar depression persistently view events and situations in life in negative ways. As a result of these defeatist perceptions, people sink into feelings of gloom, helplessness, and depression. Cognitive theorists believe that, due to over-active neurotransmitters in the brain, people gradually begin to experience stronger and stronger depressive thoughts. Cognitive theorists believe that unipolar depression results from significant changes in the number of rewards and punishments people receive in their lives. Cognitive theorists believe that depression results when a person's relationships leave them feeling insecure and unsafe.

Cognitive theorists believe that people with unipolar depression persistently view events and situations in life in negative ways. As a result of these defeatist perceptions, people sink into feelings of gloom, helplessness, and depression

According to the DSM, which of the following is a somatoform disorder? Possible Answers: Schizoaffective disorder Bipolar disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Dissociative identity disorder Conversion disorder

Conversion disorder Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that have no known physiological cause, which may or may not be due to a psychological problem. Conversion disorder is a somatoform disorder that includes the presence of neurological symptoms without an identified cause. Schizoaffective disorder involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or Bipolar disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that involves anxiety and worry over a number of things in one's life. Dissociative identity disorder falls under the category of dissociative disorders and includes the presence of multiple personalities. Bipolar disorder involves at least one episode of mania (i.e. high energy, grandiosity, impulsivity), and may or may not include periods of depression.

Which of these statements is true of pyrophobia and arachnophobia? I. Pyrophobia is the fear of fire; arachnophobia is the fear of spiders II. Pyrophobia is a specific phobia; arachnophobia is a social phobia III. Pyrophobia is a social phobia; arachnophobia is a specific phobia Possible Answers: I only I and II I and III II only III only

Correct answer: I only

What is a common occurrence amongst those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? Possible Answers: Exaggerated or dramatic behavior Intense mood swings between mania and anger Obsessive thought patterns Criminal deviance None of these

Criminal deviance Antisocial personality disorder is ultimately defined by a lack of empathy for other people and egocentrism, which entails a wide range of destructive symptoms. Many of those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder disregard the division between right and wrong, and tend to tailor ethics to their own impulses, which can be destructive. As such, they can make harmful choices for which they could be incarcerated

. 2. A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts, emotion regulation, or behaviors is most clearly an indication of A) epigenetics. B) trauma. C) learned helplessness. D) a psychological disorder.

D) a psychological disord

. 235. Antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by A) a persistent, irrational fear of people. B) episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal. C) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. D) a lack of guilt feelings.

D) a lack of guilt feelings.

152. Emily attributes her failure to qualify for her college soccer team to factors that are stable, global, and internal. She best illustrates A) an optimistic explanatory style. B) linkage analysis. C) learned helplessness. D) a pessimistic explanatory style.

D) a pessimistic explanatory style.

. 68. Patrick, who has been diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety disorder, is likely to experience A) simple shyness. B) the overwhelming urge to repeatedly wash his hands to avoid being contaminated by other people's germs. C) a paralyzing fear of crowds, particularly in confined areas like elevators, theaters, or small rooms. D) a paralyzing fear of performing even routine behaviors in public situations such as speaking or eating

D) a paralyzing fear of performing even routine behaviors in public situations such as speaking or eating

187. The onset of schizophrenia is typically associated with early A) infancy. B) childhood. C) adolescence. D) adulthood.

D) adulthood.

David counts the cracks in the sidewalk while he walks to work from his subway stop. As he sees the front door of his office, he fears he has miscounted and must return to the subway stop to get an accurate count before beginning his day. What psychological disorder is this behavior exemplifying? A Agoraphobia B Conversion disorder C Dissociative disorder D Obsessive-compulsive disorder E Schizophrenia

D Obsessive-compulsive disorder This behavior is highly representative of obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD commonly results in unreasonable thoughts and behaviors that lead to repetitive actions called compulsions. Counting steps, in the example provided, is indicative of such a compulsion

Generalized anxiety disorders: A Are synonymous with phobias B Are much less debilitating than phobias C Can be easily and quickly treated D Often have no specific external cause E Typically begin due to a tragic event

D Often have no specific external cause Generalized anxiety disorders — unlike phobias — often have no specific cause.

1141. Neuroscientists have found decreased axonal white matter in the brains of people with A) persistent depressive disorder. B) dysthymia. C) major depressive disorder. D) bipolar disorder.

D) Bipolar disorder

130. At different seasons of the year, one survey asked North Americans "Have you cried today?" The percentage who said "yes" was highest in A) March. B) June. C) September. D) December.

D) December.

84. The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of A) GAD. B) SAD. C) OCD. D) PTSD.

D) PTSD.

17. Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates A) the medical model. B) the learning perspective. C) genetic influences . D) a biopsychosocial approach.

D) a biopsychosocial approach.

244. Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by A) an unusually high rate of metabolism. B) cyclical fluctuations between extreme thinness and plumpness. C) frequent migraine headaches. D) a fear of being fat.

D) a fear of being fat.

. 227. Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display A) a lack of guilt feelings. B) a sense of self-importance. C) shallow, attention-getting emotions. D) a fear of social rejection.

D) a fear of social rejection.

69. Kaylee is so afraid of snakes that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to spend time in her own backyard alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) depression. D) a phobia.

D) a phobia.

63. Every time she goes out, Carrie has to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells, a pounding heart, and feeling as though she can't breathe. Finally, she decides to go to the emergency room but a thorough examination rules out any medical problem. Nevertheless, Carrie has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes and has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings. Carrie seems to be displaying symptoms of A) posttraumatic stress disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) social anxiety disorder. D) agoraphobia.

D) agoraphobia.

185. Marcus, who has schizophrenia, cannot read other people's facial emotions or their state of mind. Marcus' symptoms indicate A) a flat affect. B) word salad. C) catatonia. D) an impaired theory of mind.

D) an impaired theory of mind.

245. About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and under-nourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from A) a fugue state. B) bulimia nervosa. C) dissociative disorder. D) anorexia nervosa.

D) anorexia nervosa.

234. The term psychopath refers to an individual with A) borderline personality disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder

D) antisocial personality disorder

226. The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are A) obsessions, compulsions, and delusions. B) genetics, culture, and self-awareness. C) optimism, pessimism, and perfectionism. D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity

D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity

34. Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior? A) generalized anxiety disorder B) anorexia nervosa C) depressive disorder D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

36. Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) posttraumatic stress disorder. C) depressive disorder. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

25. In the DSM-5, a condition formerly known as "Asperger's syndrome" is now included under the label A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) autism spectrum disorder.

D) autism spectrum disorder.

165. The risk of suicide is greatest when people A) anticipate the onset of a depressive episode. B) experience the first symptoms of a depressive episode. C) experience depressive symptoms at their most extreme levels of severity. D) begin to rebound from their depression.

D) begin to rebound from their depression.

111. It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the ________ perspective. A) humanistic B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) biological

D) biological

. 230. One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. A) avoidant B) dissociative C) schizotypal D) borderline

D) borderline

253. Frequent exposure to images of thin fashion models and celebrities is most likely to be a factor contributing to the development of A) dissociative identity disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) binge-eating disorder. D) bulimia nervosa.

D) bulimia nervosa.

184. Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. She most likely suffers from A) schizophrenia with positive symptoms. B) a bipolar disorder. C) multiple personalities. D) catatonia.

D) catatonia.

105. Irrational beliefs and hypervigilance to any possible threats can sometimes contribute to feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD can be affected by A) conditioning. B) repressed memories. C) stimulus generalization. D) cognitive influences

D) cognitive influences

95. Those who suggest that phobias are learned would be most likely to emphasize the role of ________ in the onset of anxiety disorders. A) repression B) epigenetics C) glutamate D) conditioning

D) conditioning

94. Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety may result from A) repression. B) cognition. C) reinforcement. D) conditioning.

D) conditioning.

212. A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of A) binge eating disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) avoidant personality disorder. D) dissociation.

D) dissociation.

210. Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of A) borderline personality disorder. B) bulimia nervosa. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) dissociative disorder.

D) dissociative disorder.

221. A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the A) prevalence of schizophrenia throughout the world. B) fluctuations in mood experienced by those suffering a bipolar disorder. C) fear of snakes experienced by a high percentage of Americans. D) dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the 1980s.

D) dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the 1980s.

. 159. To break the vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective suggests that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both A) internal and stable. B) external and global. C) internal and global. D) external and temporary

D) external and temporary

134. Willa is stressed by the death of a friend, she constantly ruminates about the fact that she is overweight, and she much more easily recalls her academic failures than her many academic successes. These factors are most likely to place Willa at a high level of risk for A) bipolar disorder. B) mania. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) major depressive disorder.

D) major depressive disorder.

122. Elmer, the owner of an auto service station, suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customers' cars. When asked why, he excitedly explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines." When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of A) depression. B) persistent depressive disorder C) a phobia. D) mania

D) mania

170. Gaining relief from negative thoughts through the distraction of pain is one of the motives for A) mania. B) rumination. C) linkage analysis. D) nonsuicidal self-injury

D) nonsuicidal self-injury

78. Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________. A) panic; agoraphobia B) depression; compulsion C) panic; phobia D) obsession; compulsion

D) obsession; compulsion

73. Repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform are characteristic of A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) specific phobia. C) posttraumatic stress disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

74. Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing A) panic disorder. B) social anxiety disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

75. Obsessions are A) persistent, irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations. B) feelings of jumpy anxiety. C) periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations. D) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

D) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

. 225. Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders. A) eating B) dissociative C) fugue D) personality

D) personality

208. Which of the following has been pinpointed as an early warning sign for the subsequent onset of schizophrenia? A) periodic panic attacks B) sudden weight increase C) violent behavior D) poor muscle coordination

D) poor muscle coordination

28. Field trials assessing clinician agreement when using the new DSM-5 categories indicate that diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder fared ________ and diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder fared ________. A) well; well B) poorly; poorly C) well; poorly D) poorly; well

D) poorly; well

224. Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of A) borderline personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) anorexia nervosa. D) posttraumatic stress disorder

D) posttraumatic stress disorder

.. 174. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ________ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors. A) absence; absence B) presence; presence C) absence; presence D) presence; absence

D) presence; absence

116. Angie is suffering from major depressive disorder. Compared with people who are not depressed, Angie may experience which one of the following symptoms? A) a heightened ability to think, concentrate, and make decisions B) manic episodes, characterized by euphoria, high energy, and grandiose ideas C) a tendency to have frequent or unexpected panic attacks D) repetitive thinking of death or suicide

D) repetitive thinking of death or suicide

219. Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder. A) anxiety B) repression C) childhood sexual trauma D) role playing

D) role playing

218. College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve A) low self-esteem. B) unconscious fear. C) biosocial factors. D) role playing.

D) role playing.

. 199. People conceived during the peak of World War II's Dutch famine developed ________ at twice the normal rate. A) posttraumatic stress disorder B) antisocial personality disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) schizophrenia

D) schizophrenia

198. Low birth weight and maternal diabetes are known risk factors for A) dissociative identity disorder. B) major depressive disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder . D) schizophrenia

D) schizophrenia

229. Horace keeps to himself at work, he is quiet, and has a number of odd collections; some even call him eccentric. He seems emotionally disengaged even when others are clearly responding emotionally to a situation. Horace would be considered to have ________ personality disorder. A) antisocial B) borderline C) narcissistic D) schizotypal

D) schizotypal

162. People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing A) unrealistic optimism. B) reduced self-awareness. C) excessive levels of norepinephrine. D) social rejection.

D) social rejection.

154. Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable, and internal contributes to depression? A) linkage analysis B) biological C) learning D) social-cognitive

D) social-cognitive

155. A therapist suggests that Margaret is depressed because she attributes her failures to her own incompetence instead of blaming her parents and teachers for the unreasonable demands they place on her. The therapist's interpretation most clearly reflects a ________ perspective. A) biological B) learning C) linkage analysis D) social-cognitive

D) social-cognitive

136. Research regarding depression indicates that A) depression is typically unrelated to stressful life events. B) depression is unlikely to be overcome without professional help. C) depression is associated with abnormally high levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. D) with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence.

D) with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence.

The book of mental illnesses used to help psychologists diagnose patients is called the: DSM DTM MTD MMD MRI Explanation

DSM The psychiatric community has a book that's used to identify mental illness, based on the symptoms that a patient presents with. This book is called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also known as the DSM.

27 Which psychologist highlighted the issues with psychological diagnosis? David Rosenhan David Hamm Erik Erikson Alfred Binet Sigmund Freud

David Rosenhan Psychologist David Rosenhan suspected that psychiatric hospitals often gave patients the wrong diagnoses and went on to perform experiments to prove it.

Which of the following is classified as a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Avolition Delusions Apathy Monotone speech Flat affect

Delusions

Seymour is walking across the freeway and screaming, "I am God! No one can bring me down. I know the government is planning a nuclear attack against Brazil!" Based on this example, Seymour may be experiencing which of the following? Possible Answers: Borderline personality disorder Mania Depression Hallucinations Delusions of grandeur

Delusions of grandeur

Which of the following choices best describes the primary and identifying symptom of paranoid schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions of someone or something "coming to get" the affected person None of these A distorted use of language Parrot behavior where the affected person repeats whatever is said to them

Delusions of someone or something "coming to get" the affected person There are four types of schizophrenia, one of them being paranoid schizophrenia. The identifying and differentiating symptom of paranoid schizophrenia is the delusion that someone or something is "out to get" the person with the disorder.

Which of the following is characteristic of histrionic personality disorder? Possible Answers: Chronic dependency on family members, friends, or spouse for emotional needs, decision making, and general support with an inability to independently support one's own needs Disorganized and delusional thinking, which is often reflected in incomprehensible and erratic behavior and speech A lack of regard for others' feelings, accompanied by the belief that the world is a cruel place Dependency on others' approval and attention for a sense of self-worth, often manifesting in a dramatic presence and flirtacious behaviors Fluctuating periods of extreme sadness and euphoria

Dependency on others' approval and attention for a sense of self-worth, often manifesting in a dramatic presence and flirtacious behaviors Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by a strong need for attention from others, and manifests in dramatic, exaggerated, and potentially overly flirtacious actions and behaviors. One who suffers from histrionic personality disorder may be uncomfortable if not the center of attention, and may even threaten to commit suicide in order to get it. This disorder is thought to be mainly the result of parenting, where the child may have never received negative attention or received positive attention inconsistently. The disorder tends to run in families, so a genetic component is possible, but this could also be a result of learned behavior from the parents.

Sherry's cognitive behavioral therapist tends to talk with her about her general way of thinking that guides her perceptions and interpretations of events. For Sherry, this general way of thinking tends to be underlying negative beliefs and attitudes. Her therapist wants her to be able to focus on these negative thoughts and alter them to be more positive. What does Sherry's therapist want her to work on? Possible Answers: Delusions Sadness Negativity Depressed schemas Disorganized thoughts

Depressed schemas

Which is not a type of anxiety disorder? Possible Answers: Phobias Panic disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Post traumatic stress disorder Depression

Depression

Which of the following psychiatric disorders is more common among women than men? Possible Answers: Schizophrenia ADHD Antisocial personality disorder Depression Autism

Depression

Which of the following psychological disorders are affective disorders? Possible Answers: Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders None of these Depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder Schizophrenia, sociopathy, and obsessive compulsive disorder Narcisssistic, histrionic, and dependent disorders

Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders Affective disorders are defined by heightened and prolonged emotional states. In the instance of anxiety, which can manifest in many forms, one experiences a consistent state of fear that may or may not have a specific set of triggers. Depression is a prolonged state of sadness and apathy, which often involves a general lack of motivation or pleasant emotions, irritability, difficulty focusing, and, in extreme cases, suicidal thoughts. Bipolar disorder includes this kind of depressive state, yet also a manic one. During the manic state, there is a general feeling of euphoria, an "on top of the world" kind of feeling that may invite impulsive decision-making and an inflated sense of self-importance. Psychological disorders that are not affective have to do with delusional thinking patterns, personality, attention deficits, addictions, psychosexuality, or developmental problems. While they may share commonalities and even intersect, affective disorders have distinctly to do with prolonged and extreme emotional states, which can be caused by biological or environmental factors.

Which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Diminished speech Diminished emotional expression Lack of motivation and pleasure in previously enjoyed activities Social withdrawal Diminished appetite

Diminished appetite

What is a speech indicator of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Disorganized speech, otherwise known as "world salads" Organized speech, otherwise known as "good salads" All of these High anxiety Paranoia

Disorganized speech, otherwise known as "world salads" There is no logical sequence to what's being said and it will often sound like the person is speaking to or of an imaginary entity. The speech is often tangential and off-topic. Works Cited:

Which disorder has many skeptics that question the legitimacy of its existence? Possible Answers: Generalized anxiety disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to be abnormally functioning in Schizophrenia? Possible Answers: GABA Serotonin Norepinephrine Glutamate Dopamine

Dopamine

What is the main difference between dsythymia and major depressive disorder? Possible Answers: Dsythymia includes bipolar symptoms, while major depressive disorder does not Dsythymia is an anxiety disorder, while major depressive disorder is a mood disorder Dsythymia includes hallucinations, while major depressive disorder does not Dsythymia occurs in children, while major depressive disorder occurs in teenagers and adults Dsythymia is a pervasive "low level" depression that lasts numerous years, while major depressive disorder is a single episode of severe depression

Dsythymia is a pervasive "low level" depression that lasts numerous years, while major depressive disorder is a single episode of severe depression

Which of the following is true about historical perspectives on the causes and treatment of psychological disorders? Possible Answers: During the Dark Ages, demons and spirits were often assumed to be the cause of psychological disorders The Enlightenment led to harsher conditions in mental institutions The Ancient Greek Galen believed that psychological disorders were caused by negative social interactions Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix pushed for better conditions in mental institutions in the 17th century During the Dark Ages, there was an emphasis on treating mental institution patients humanely

During the Dark Ages, demons and spirits were often assumed to be the cause of psychological disorders

What disorder is considered to be a milder, but more chronic, form of depression? Possible Answers: Dysthymia Somatoform disorder Schizophrenia Parkinson's disease Bipolar disorder

Dysthymia

If someone has had constant symptoms of depression for five years, what disorder would they most likely be diagnosed with? Possible Answers: Bipolar disorder Minor depressive disorder Dysthymia Seasonal Affective Disorder Major depressive disorder

Dysthymia Major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder and is characterized by a depressed mood and physical symptoms such as loss of appetite and fatigue for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a clear cause. SAD has the symptoms of major depressive disorder but the episodes occur seasonally, typically during winter. Dysthymia is similar to major depressive disorder but it is less severe and lasts longer (at least 2 years). Bipolar disorder involves episodes of both depression and mania. Minor depressive disorder is still being researched and you do not have to know it for the AP Psychology exam.

Which of the following is not true about dysthymic disorder? Possible Answers: None of the other answers Dysthymic disorder is a less-disabling form of major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder is a shorter form of major depressive disorder; it typically lasts less than one month Dysthymic disorder is a longer version of major depressive disorder; it is diagnosed when a person has been experiencing depressive-like symptoms for more than two years Dysthymic disorder is one of the possible patterns of unipolar depression

Dysthymic disorder is a less-disabling form of major depressive disorder

Which of the following is true of schizophrenia? A It affects men more frequently than women. B It is a component of dissociative identity disorder. C It is caused by an increase in serotonin to the brain. D It is more prevalent among the wealthy than the poor. E It typically becomes apparent in early adulthood.

E It typically becomes apparent in early adulthood.

Edward is an institutionalized mental patient who believes that people are out to get him and that the President communicates directly with him via the ketchup bottle on the dinner table. Edward is demonstrating what psychological symptom? A Anxiety B Depression C Dissociative disorder D Manic episodes E Paranoia

E Paranoia This is an extreme, psychotic-level example of paranoia. In more common forms, an individual may think that people are talking about them whenever they walk into a room.

Hugh has returned from a 6-month deployment in Afghanistan. He now hits the ground at the sight of an airplane or helicopter, jumps at the sound of a firecracker, and has vivid nightmares that haunt him in his sleep. Which psychological disorder does he likely suffer from? A Delusions of Persecution B Dissociative Identity Disorder C Generalized Anxiety Disorder D Obsessive-compulsive disorder E Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

E Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with: A an irrational fear of people B delusions of persecution C physical symptoms of distress D doing uncontrollable repetitive behaviors E their own self-importance

E their own self-importance

Which of the following is not hypothesized as a contributing factor of depression? Possible Answers: Excess levels of dopamine in the brain Learned helplessness The cognitive triad Low levels of serotonin in the brain Genetic predisposition

Excess levels of dopamine in the brain Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? Possible Answers: Fear of stealing things Excessive handwashing Refusing to eat Difficulty counting Intrusive preoccupation over one's appearance

Excessive handwashing

Which of the following is not a common compulsion associated with OCD? Possible Answers: Excessively arranging items in a particular order Excessively having flash backs to a past event Excessively checking to make sure a loved one is still breathing Excessive hand washing Excessively checking to make sure the oven is turned off

Excessively having flash backs to a past event

If someone is depressed, what kind of attributions (according to Beck's cognitive triad) might he or she make about a recent job promotion? Possible Answers: Internal, specific, unstable External, specific, unstable External, specific, stable Internal, global, unstable External, global, unstable

External, specific, unstable Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When something good happens, such as a job promotion, someone who is depressed might believe the job promotion to be caused by luck (external), only because they are good at their job but nothing else (specific), and probably won't last long (unstable).

Consider the following symptoms: a smooth ridge between nose and lips, small head, and an extremely low IQ (that is not associated with a chromosomal abnormality). These symptoms are most consistent with which of the following disorders? Possible Answers: Down syndrome Parkinson's disease Fetal alcohol syndrome Huntington's disease

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Schizophrenics experience psychosis, an impaired ability to perceive reality. Which of the following are considered to be the two most common forms of psychosis experienced by schizophrenics? Possible Answers: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonic reaction Disorganized speech and delusions Hallucinations and delusions Catatonia and hallucinations Disorganized speech and disorganized behavior

Hallucinations and delusions

Which of the following best identify the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Hallucinations and delusions Hallucinations and depression Asociality and hallucinations Depression and delusions Asociality and delusions

Hallucinations and delusions

Which of the following choices best describes a a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: None of these Catatonia, where one has no body movements Hallucinations where one believes something is there that is not Obsessive fixation on cleanliness

Hallucinations where one believes something is there that is not A positive symptom is something that is present in the affected person that is not normally found in unaffected persons. Essentially, it's not positive in the sense of "good" but of something being added. One out of several positive symptoms of schizophrenia is the presence of delusional thinking, where one thinks there are things that are present that actually are not.

20 John has not been sleeping and is experiencing symptoms of agitation, speaking very quickly, and appearing as if he is high on some substance, but a few weeks ago he was troubled with feelings of worthlessness and sadness. Why might doctors diagnose him with bipolar disorder? He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep. He has been having recurrent suicidal thoughts. He has changed his eating and sleeping patterns. He has had a depressive episode for longer than three weeks.

He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep. John might be diagnosed with bipolar disorder if he has shown the following symptoms: feeling of being high, decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem, fast speech, general agitation.

Which of the following would least likely be true of a person with Antisocial Personality Disorder. Possible Answers: He or she would most likely maintain low levels of cortisol while committing a crime. He or she would feel and fear nothing. He or she would show concern for his friends and family. He or she would show little regret. He or she would not necessarily be a criminal.

He or she would show concern for his friends and family.

Which personality disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior and extreme emotionality? Possible Answers: Schizotypal personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder People with histrionic personality disorder feel highly uncomfortable and/or offended when they are not the center of attention. They have rapidly shifting emotions, which are used to garner attention from others.

The DSM 5 classification of psychological disorders does not consider which of the following to be a disorder? A Anorexia nervosa B Depression C Dissociative Identity Disorder D Homosexuality E Schizophrenia

Homosexuality

At dinner, Jerry was overly enthusiastic about his plan to use all of his savings to purchase a new car. He kept talking about how he was the smartest guy in his class and that he would easily be able to make the money back at any job. Which of the following best describes Jerry's behavior? Possible Answers: Disordered thought Hallucination Grandiose delusion Hypomanic episode Depressive episode

Hypomanic episode

Which of the following is an example of clanging? Possible Answers: I had my lunch when it's brunch it makes a crunch in a bunch I like fishing. Fish are creatures of the sea. Creatures can be fantasy or fiction, my brother really likes fantasy. He's tall. None of these I don't bike lats. ("I don't like bats") I don't like her, she has too much "paucity"

I had my lunch when it's brunch it makes a crunch in a bunch Clanging is a positive symptom of schizophrenia where the affected person will rhyme words despite the resulting utterance meaning nothing. For instance, although "I had my lunch when it's brunch it makes a crunch in a bunch" may convey meaning it will often not mean anything in context. The other answers are examples of a neologism, tangentiality, and an unrelated speech production error common among non-affected people (e.g. "I don't bike lats").

Which of the following types of dementia have known causes: I. Parkinson's disease II. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome III. Huntington's disease Possible Answers: II only II only I & III II & III III only

II & III

What is the difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder? Possible Answers: None of the other answers In bipolar I disorder, a person will experience full manic episodes; in bipolar II disorder, a person will experience only mild manic episodes Bipolar I disorder has symptoms that last more than two years, whereas bipolar II disorder has symptoms that dissipate before the two-year mark Bipolar I disorder is a diagnosis given to adults, whereas bipolar II disorder is a diagnosis given to children and adolescents In bipolar I disorder, a person will experience full depressive episodes; in bipolar II disorder, a person will experience only mild depressive episodes

In bipolar I disorder, a person will experience full manic episdoes; in bipolar II disorder, a person will experience only mild manic episodes

If someone is depressed, what kind of attributions (according to Beck's cognitive triad) might he or she make about a recent job loss? Possible Answers: External, global, unstable External, specific, stable Internal, specific, unstable External, specific, unstable Internal, global, stable

Internal, global, stable Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). If someone is depressed and they lose their job (or something else bad happens), they are likely to assume it's their fault (internal), it characterizes the fact that they can't do anything right (global), and their luck will not change (stable).

Which of the following is the best definition of "delusions" as a symptom of paranoid schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Beliefs in a higher power or deity None of these Thoughts that make one believe that he or she is an exception to the rules that govern society Irrational misconceptions of perceptions of experiences Lies to oneself to make believe that he or she is sane

Irrational misconceptions of perceptions of experiences Delusions are firmly held erroneous beliefs that are a product of distortions or exaggerations of reasoning and/or misinterpretations of perceptions or experiences. When someone has paranoid schizophrenia, delusions of being followed or watched are common; furthermore, those suffering from this disorder may believe that radio or TV programs are sending them special messages. This is paranoid thinking, which is the identifying pattern of the illness. It creates a world for the affected person where everyone is "out to get them."

2 Which of the following are some ways that anxiety manifests physically? It may cause heart attacks. It may cause faintness. It may cause fatigue and headaches. It may reduce eyesight and hearing abilities

It may cause fatigue and headaches. Those who suffer from anxiety disorders may suffer from physical symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, and nausea.

Which of the following is an example of behavior consistent with someone who has autism?Kaylie steals things with no remorse and is often manipulative, irritable and aggressive with family and friends.Blessin has a hard time sitting still in school, rarely finishes her homework, and can never keep her room clean.Joshua has a hard time relating to others, is an expert on bugs, and gets angry if the drive to school takes longer than the normal 10 minutes.

Joshua has a hard time relating to others, is an expert on bugs, and gets angry if the drive to school takes longer than the normal 10 minutes.

Which of the following is not a structural trait of the brain of an individual with schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Enlarged ventricles Smaller amygdala Smaller hippocampus, often disorganized cells Lack of a cerebellum

Lack of a cerebellum Schizophrenia is marked by several unique brain traits, including: Enlarged ventricles Small/disorganized hippocampus Small amygdala

Which of these is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Delusions Disorganized speech and behavior Lack of emotion Hallucinations

Lack of emotion A negative symptom is one that dispells attention from a subject. Alternatively, positive symptoms attract attention to a subject. While a lack of emotion is a negative symptom, hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech are all positive symptoms.

Which of the following is a treatment for bipolar disorder? Possible Answers: Lithium NMDA antagonists MAO inhibitors Benzodiazepines

Lithium The primary function of Litium in the treatment of bipolar disorder is to help control the frequency and severity of manic episodes. MAO inhibitors are used to treat depression, benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders, and NMDA antagonists are used as anesthetics.

24 Which of the following is NOT a cause of addiction? Low levels of dopamine High levels of dopamine Prolonged use of a substance, or tolerance Prohibition of a substance Cultural celebration of substance abuse.

Low levels of dopamine

Sarah has been experiencing sadness, loss of appetite, disinterest in activities, weight loss, and insomnia for several years. Which of the following could be the reason these symptoms are occurring? Possible Answers: Major depressive disorder Anorexia Anemia Generalized anxiety disorder

Major depressive disorder

Which of the following is a mood disorder? Possible Answers: Schizophrenia Post-traumatic stress disorder Major depressive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Major depressive disorder

In the past two months, Ann has had very little motivation to get out of bed. She sleeps upwards of twenty hours a day and is no longer interested in activities that she used to enjoy. She has very little energy to care for herself, and also has lost a significant amount of weight. Which of the following is a likely diagnosis for Ann? Possible Answers: Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Major depressive episode

Major depressive episode Major Depressive Episode is correct, because going off of the description we do not know if Ann has had a manic episode in the past or not. In order to have Major Depressive Disorder, an individual cannot have had a manic episode in the past. The answer would not be Dysthymic Disorder, because those symptoms must persist for two years or more, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by outbursts of severe temper in addition to depressive symptoms.

Which of these symptoms does not commonly occur among schizophrenics? Possible Answers: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized behavior Disorganized speech Mania

Mania

Major depressive disorder falls under which of the following categories of psychological disorders? Possible Answers: Mood disorders Dissociative disorders Anxiety disorders Personality disorders Somatoform disorders

Mood disorders

John randomly falls asleep for periods of time. From which of the following disorders does John suffer? Possible Answers: Narcolepsy Night terrors Insomnia Sleep apnea

Narcolepsy Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks, as well as overwhelming drowsiness. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or infrequent breathing during sleep. Night terrors are episodes of screaming, intense fear, and flailing while still asleep. Often compared to nightmares, night terrors are much more intense. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep.

Which of the following options is NOT true about bipolar disorder? Possible Answers: None of these A bipolar person's depressed episodes may be very similar to the experiences of a person suffering from unipolar depression. People with bipolar disorder experience both depressed and manic episodes. While some people with bipolar disorder will feel invincible during a manic episode, others may feel anxious.

None of these

A patient has obsessive-compulsive disorder, and each morning and night she must spend 45 minutes writing words of praise in her journal so that her mother does not fall ill. The patient has been going to treatment for several years to deal with the issue. Identify the obsession and the compulsion in this scenario. Possible Answers: Obsession: constant cleanliness . . . Compulsion: tidiness despite the room being clean Obsession: the writing ritual . . . Compulsion: going to treatment Obsession: her mother's health . . . Compulsion: the writing ritual Obsession: the writing ritual . . . Compulsion: her mother's health

Obsession: her mother's health . . . Compulsion: the writing ritual

29 Before Adam leaves the house he double checks every lock, flips the light switch three times, and counts the number of dishes in the sink. Adam is likely to be diagnosed with: Obsessive compulsive disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Anxiety Depression

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Samantha must check that her keys are in her purse upon leaving the house exactly seven times. Samantha would most likely be diagnosed with __________. Possible Answers: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Agoraphobia Schizophrenia Obsessive-compulsive disorder A phobia

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

What is OCD? Possible Answers: Obtuse-carotene disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Organized-compulsive disorder Obsessive-chaotic disorder Other non-categorized disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is not considered a personality disorder? Possible Answers: Borderline disorder Antisocial disorder Schizoid disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Histrionic disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Morphine and heroin are two examples of __________. Possible Answers: Anti-psychotics Tranquilizers Opiates Depressants Hallucinogens

Opiates

What is a type of psychological issue caused by damage to the brain? Organic Brain trauma Inorganic Incapacity

Organic

What is the most commonly diagnosed type of eating disorder? Possible Answers: All of these Binge eating disorder Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa

Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED)

15 Why wouldn't you necessarily expect an underlying traumatic experience to exist in the case of a pain disorder? Pain disorders are caused by the brain and do not require an underlying traumatic experience. Pain disorders are always related to underlying viral illness. Pain disorders are caused by the presence of chronic illness and do not require an underlying traumatic experience. Pain disorders are always related to underlying bacterial illness.

Pain disorders are caused by the brain and do not require an underlying traumatic experience.

Liz frequently experiences unexpected periods of intense fear and discomfort accompanied by increased heart rate and respiration, shakiness, sweating, and fear of losing control. Liz most likely suffers from which of the following disorders? Possible Answers: Derealization Depersonalization Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Social anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Which of these is not a depressive disorder? Possible Answers: Postpartum depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Seasonal affective disorder Panic disorder

Panic disorder

There are three types of major schizophrenia, marked by various different symptoms. What are the major differences between paranoid schizophrenia and disorganized schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Paranoid schizophrenics have auditory hallucinations, while disorganized schizophrenics do not. Paranoid schizophrenics possess waxy flexibility, while disorganized schizophrenics do not Paranoid schizophrenics have a break between reality and a perception of reality, while disorganized schizophrenics do not. Paranoid schizophrenics have delusions of grandeur, while disorganized schizophrenics do not. Paranoid schizophrenics have a flat affect of emotions, while disorganized schizophrenics do not.

Paranoid schizophrenics have delusions of grandeur, while disorganized schizophrenics do not

Which of the following is a common environmental contributing factor to developing PTSD? Possible Answers: Healthy sexual relationships Participation in a war Obsession that the environment is filled with dirty germs Fear of a specific animal Supportive home environment

Participation in a war

What does preparedness theory suggest about the development of phobias? Possible Answers: Phobias can help prepare someone to face other fears To overcome a phobia, you have to prepare yourself to face your fear Even if they are prepared with therapy, phobias cannot be cured People are born prepared to develop phobias of certain things People are innately predisposed to fear certain things more than others

People are innately predisposed to fear certain things more than others

What do psychodynamic theorists propose to be the cause for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? Possible Answers: None of these answers accurately represents the psychodynamic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder Psychodynamic theorists believe that OCD develops when children come to fear their own id impulses and use ego defense mechanisms to lessen the resulting anxiety. The id impulses usally take the form of obsessive thoughts, and the ego defenses appear as compulsive actions. Psychodynamic theorists believe that abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter seratonin are responsible for obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions. Psychodynamic theorists believe that all people have intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Some people, however, blame themselves for such thoughts; these people then start acting compulsively to neutralize the unwanted thoughts. Psychodynamic theorists believe that certain people are predisposed to develop this disorder. Essentially, genetics is the determining factor and is solely responsible for this pattern of thinking/doing in certain people and not others.

Psychodynamic theorists believe that OCD develops when children come to fear their own id impulses and use ego defense mechanisms to lessen the resulting anxiety. The id impulses usually take the form of obsessive thoughts, and the ego defenses appear as compulsive actions.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of people suffering from Bulimia Nervosa? Possible Answers: Body weight and shape influences feelings of self-esteem and self evaluation Purging Refusing to eat Binge eating

Refusing to eat

Barry washes his hands as soon as he touches anything outside of his home. His excessive hand washing negatively affects his life, but he continues to obsess over the prevention of germs. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment for Barry to help him overcome his compulsive hand-washing behavior? Possible Answers: Exposure and cognitive coping strategies Repeated exposure to the anxiety paired with response prevention Cognitive-behavioral therapy Flooding Benzodiazepines

Repeated exposure to the anxiety paired with response prevention

All of the following are Cluster B personality disorders EXCEPT a. borderline personality disorders b. schizoid personality disorders c. histrionic behavior disorder d. narcissistic personality disorder e. antisocial personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder

A 26-year-old woman, Ms. Johnson, comes into the office of a psychological professional office. She complains of hearing voices that are encouraging her to do "bad things" like shoplift at her favorite clothing store. Additionally, she has numerous false beliefs that are not grounded in reality. Specifically, she believes the government has implanted a tracking device under her skin while she was sleeping. Which of the following is the best diagnosis for Ms. Johnson? Possible Answers: Lethargy Schizoid personality disorder Schizophrenia Post-traumatic stress disorder Borderline personality disorder

Schizophrenia

An excess of dopamine is suspected to be the cause of which of the following mental disorders? Possible Answers: Schizophrenia Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Depression Anxiety

Schizophrenia

Delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech and behavior are symptoms of which mental disorder? Possible Answers: Post-traumatic stress disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Antisocial personality disorder Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

Which of the following is not true regarding Schizophrenia? Possible Answers: Symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking Schizophrenia impacts 10-20% of the population Dopamine has been linked to the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia Identical twins have a 45-50% chance of also having Schizophrenia Treatment includes psychotropic medications and supportive psychotherapy

Schizophrenia impacts 10-20% of the population depression has been found to impact 10-20% of the population. Schizophrenia is less common and impacts about 1% of the population. It is most commonly diagnosed in late adolescence and early adulthood. All of the other statements are correct.

What does the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia claim? Possible Answers: Schizophrenia appears in adolescence or young adulthood Schizophrenia is caused by a hormonal imbalance Schizophrenia is caused by abnormalities in pre- or perinatal development, which are expressed in the mature brain. Schizphrenia is caused by abnormalities in the development of the ceberal cortex, often beginning in young adulthood

Schizophrenia is caused by abnormalities in pre- or perinatal development, which are expressed in the mature brain. schizophrenia is the result of early brain insult during either pre- or perinatal development, which is later expressed in the mature brain. Many have suspected that this insult could be due to environmental factors that mothers endure or are exposed to, as evidenced by the many schizophrenic children born from starving mothers during World War II, or from mothers exposed to toxins. The insult could also be due to genetic inheritance.

A client is presented for psychological evaluation with the following symptoms:-Need for social isolation-Anxiety in social situations-Odd behavior and thinking-Unconventional beliefs-Odd reactions to conversations-Misinterpreting situations or believing situations to have a strange meaning Which of the following diagnoses might be appropriate for this individual? Possible Answers: Major depressive disorder Schizotypal personality disorder None of these Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia

Schizotypal personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder affects about 3% of the population. It can be a precursor for Schizophrenia but often has a stable course and can be diagnosed by the symptoms provided in the question. Schizotypal personality disorder can be confused with schizophrenia. The main difference between the two disorders is that people with schizotypal personalities may experience brief psychotic episodes accompanied by delusions or hallucinations; however, these delusional episodes are not as frequent, prolonged, or intense as the psychosis experienced by individuals with schizophrenia.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT portray a case that fits in with known causes of split personalities? Tara fell off her skateboard and suffered brain damage which may have led to her development of split personalities. Samuel has been under extreme stress which may have led to his recent development of split personalities. Michael was physically abused during childhood. His psychiatrist suspects the abuse led to Michael's split personalities. Shanda was a victim of sexual abuse in her earlier years, which doctors think may have led to her development of split personalities. Barbara grew up in a situation where she was basically left on her own and received little to no nurturing. Her development of split personalities may stem from the situation. Explanation Watch Correct Answer Correct

Tara fell off her skateboard and suffered brain damage which may have led to her development of split personalities. A split personality would NOT be formed by falling off a skateboard and suffering brain damage. Split personalities are thought to be caused by trauma during childhood, by stress or insufficient nurturing. Many patients even report physical or sexual abuse during childhood.

What was the persisting belief about the mentally ill during the Middle Ages? Possible Answers: That they were possessed by evil spirits None of these That they should be purged from society either by execution or exile. These processes were often accompanied by elaborate ceremonies. That they should receive some kind of therapy That they came from poor lineages whose ancestors may have committed irreparable sins

That they were possessed by evil spirits

Bipolar disorder entails both mania and depression, rotating in cycles. There are different types of cycling-- what is "cyclothymia"? Possible Answers: Rapid cycling back and forth The cycle between dysthmia (mild depression) and hypomania Depression and mania experienced at the same time Dysthmia lasting for years at a time before mania

The cycle between dysthmia (mild depression) and hypomania

18 Which of the following contributes to eating disorders in today's world? The media Young women Young men Children

The media

11 Why are symptoms such as delusions and disordered speech categorized as positive symptoms of schizophrenia? They are more than what a typical person experiences. They involve only positive emotions. They lead to an overall positive impact in the schizophrenic person's life. They are connected to large amounts of released kinetic energy. They affect only positive neurons and neurotransmitters within the brain.

They are more than what a typical person experiences. Explanation Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, or symptoms that are more than what a normal person experiences. Hearing a voice offering running commentary on your behavior, or hearing several voices talking amongst themselves, are additional sensations that most people don't have.

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a patient with autism? Possible Answers: They have delusional thinking about the world They seek less emotional and social contact They have difficulty paying attention due to hyperactivity They do not need as much emotional and social contact

They seek less emotional and social contact

How does a person change during a fugue state? They temporarily forget their identity. They permanently forget their identity. They permanently lose the ability to form new memories. They begin having split personalities. They temporarily lose the ability to form new memories.

They temporarily forget their identity. A fugue state is when a patient completely forgets their personal identity temporarily - usually for a few hours, or for a few days at most.

8 What is methadone used for? To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms To help with alcohol withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of heroin To help with nicotine withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of alcohol

To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms

Q. A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often answer choices bias our perceptions of the labeled person. represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it. interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders. interfere with effective treatment of these disorders.

bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

Genetic factors play a large role in ________. Twin studies show that identical twins are have a 67% chance of getting this disorder if their twin has it as well.bipolar disordermajor depressionsocial anxiety disorder

bipolar disorder

If a person experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania, they may have ________.persisten depressive disorderbipolar disordermajor depression

bipolar disorder

Q. In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild optimism? answer choices panic disorder bipolar disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder schizophrenia

bipolar disorder

26 Having emotions that lack intensity or don't run the full, expected range is called _____. blunted affect anhedonia alogia catatonia paranoia

blunted affect Blunted affect, or emotions that don't seem to run the full range or are experienced less intensely. Similar to blunted affect is anhedonia, or the inability to experience pleasure. Watch Correct Answer

Levi is worried that everyone who looks at him notices his chin dimple. In fact, he's so concerned about it, that he doesn't leave the house for days at a time, tries to wear heavy scarves to hide it, and can think of little else. Levi likely hasbody dysmorphic disorder.obsessive-compulsive disorder.hoarding disorder.

body dysmorphic disorder.

If Neveah eats large meals and then forces herself to vomit afterwards, she probably has ________ nervosa.anorexiaPrader-Willibulimia

bulimia

Which of the following is not characterized by the DSM-5 as an anxiety disorder? a. phobia b. social phobia c. anxious personality disorder d. panic disorder e. generalized personality disorder

c. anxious personality disorder

A man claims to hear voices telling him to run for president He is most likely experiencing a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsion e. inceptions

c. hallucinations

One symptom of schizophrenia caused Margaret to assume awkward and uncomfortable positions for hours. This __________ behavior made it impossible for others to communicate with her. Possible Answers: negative delusional anti-social catatonic disorganized

catatonic

If Emily is terrified of elevators because she was once stuck inside of one at the age of 5, then ________ might explain how she developed her phobia.classical conditioningevolutionsituational learning

classical conditioning

Modeling, verbal transmission of information, and ________ are all ways that someone might come to develop a specific phobia.situational learningclassical conditioningevolution

classical conditioning

Q. The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders. answer choices explain classify cure prevent

classify

When John leaves his house in morning, he always has to check multiple times to make sure that he has locked his front door. If John tries to leave his house without checking his door, or after only checking it once, he is filled with such anxiety and dread that he must abandon whatever else he is doing to return home and check his front door again. John is most likely struggling with a(n) __________. Possible Answers: ethical dilemma compulsion mania obsession stigma

compulsion A compulsion is a behavior that one feels driven to perform repeatedly, aiming to reduce stress or prevent the occurrence of something horrible. These compulsive behaviors are quite often linked to obsessive thoughts in cases of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

A person who exhibits _____, assumes the worst about mild symptoms. hypochondriasis conversion disorder dissociative disorder malingering

hypochondriasis People with hypochondriasis worry that any symptom they experience signals the presence of serious illness.

Which of the following are most characteristic of a dissociative disorder? a. a persistent, irrational fear of objects b. difficulties in forming lasting personal relationships c. Involuntary and persistent thoughts that interfere with daily activity d. Auditory and tactile hallucination e. Memory dysfunction and/or altered perception of identity

e. Memory dysfunction and/or altered perception of identity

Depression has been associated with low levels of neurotransmitter a. acetylcholine b GABA c. chlorpromazine d. dopamine e. serotonin

e. serotonin

Q. The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of answer choices social anxiety disorder. flat affect. emotional extremes. paranoia.

emotional extremes.

Which best describes a specific phobia?fear of interacting with other peoplea relatively continuous state of tension and apprehension.fear of snakes

fear of snakes

Q. A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by answer choices delusions of persecution. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. a persistent irrational fear of other people. feelings of personal worthlessness.

feelings of personal worthlessness.

Jerome had bipolar disorder. While eating lunch with some friends, he abruptly changed the conversation topic and went off on irrelevant tangents. He is showing signs of ________.panicconversational disconnectflight of ideas

flight of ideas

Which of the following is true about gender dysphoria? Possible Answers: Gender dysphoria is not included in the DSM-5. Gender dysphoria involves strongly identifying with and wishing to be another gender. Gender dysphoria involves regret over the expression of behaviors that go against traditional gender norms. Gender dysphoria is more likely to occur among heterosexual people as opposed to homosexual people. Gender dysphoria is common in Asian countries.

gender dysphoria involves strongly identifying with and wishing to be another gender.

All of the following are generally diagnosed during childhood except __________. Possible Answers: oppositional defiant disorder conduct disorder autism spectrum disorder generalized anxiety disorder ADHD

generalized anxiety disorder

Leslie, a teacher, complains that she feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, her heart begins to pound, her hands get icy, and she breaks out in a cold sweat. What psychological disorder does Leslie likely suffer from? A dissociative disorder B dysthymic disorder C generalized anxiety disorder D obsessive-compulsive disorder E phobia

generalized anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder, or GAD, is characterized as excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about routine life events with no apparent reasons for worry. People with symptoms of GAD tend to always expect disaster and cannot stop worrying about health, family, money, work, or school.

Constant worry is a key feature ofpanic attacksgeneralized anxiety disorder.obsessive-compulsive disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Leini is constantly worried about nearly everything in her life. She worries she will perform poorly in school, she worries about her health, and she worries about her family and friends. All of the worry makes it hard for her to focus and concentrate. She could possibly be diagnosed withobsessive-compulsive disorder.generalized anxiety disorder.panic attacks.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Pharrell feels like he is continuously worried about trivial things, so much so, that he feels restless, tense, and irritable. He could possibly be diagnosed withpanic attacks.generalized anxiety disorder.obsessive-compulsive disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Genetic and neurological factors have a ________ impact on ADHD than social or environmental factors.lesserless obviousgreater

greater

Traumatic events that involve harm by others (e.g., combat, rape, and sexual molestation) carry ________ than do other traumas for developing posttraumatic stress disorder.less riskgreater riskthe same amount of

greater risk

Q. Vigorous activity in the thalamus of schizophrenia patients has been found to be associated with answer choices hearing voices. flat affect. disorganized speech. repetitive rocking motions.

hearing voices.

Henry has a habit that he wants help breaking. Henry tends to wash his hands in a particular way over a 5-minute period several times per day, sometimes up to 25 times per day. Often, his hands become red and his skin cracks because he washes them so much, but he continues washing because he becomes anxious if he doesn't wash. Based on this information, Henry is most likely to have ___________________. Possible Answers: panic disorder specific phobia post-traumatic stress disorder obsessive compulsive disorder

obsessive compulsive disorder

Mahdi locks the door before she goes to bed at night, then checks it exactly 10 more times before she can actually fall asleep. This may be a sign that Mahdi suffers fromschizophrenia.obsessive-compulsive disorder.social anxiety disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Q. Obsessions are answer choices persistent, irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations. false beliefs of persecution or grandeur. periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

The ________ is an area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision-making and the perceived emotional value of things. It plays a critical role in obsessive-compulsive disorder.prefrontal cortexcingulate cortexorbitofrontal cortex

orbitofrontal cortex

A ________ is a short period of extreme worry sometimes manifested by an accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling, choking sensations, hot flashes or chills, dizziness or lightheadedness, fears of losing control or going crazy, and fears of dying.phobiapanic attackcompulsion

panic attack

While nearly 1⁄4 of Americans may experience a panic attack at some point during their lives, in order to be diagnosed with a ________, a person should have attacks along with at least one month of anxiety and worry about the attacks.generalized anxiety disorderpanic disorderobsessive-compulsive disorder

panic disorder

Giada is sad and melancholy much of the time, and has felt that way for several years. Her symptoms are milder than major depressive disorder, so she likely has ________.-seasonal pattern depression-peripartum onset-persistent depressive disorder

persistent depressive disorder

A(n) __________________ is a(n) _________________ disorder that is characterized by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger. Possible Answers: panic attack . . . mood phobia . . . anxiety panic attack . . . anxiety phobia . . . mood

phobia . . . anxiety

Martha suffered a terrible car accident three years ago and was injured. Since that time, she has had difficulty returning to normal life and is distressed in her everyday life. Specifically, she often has frightening dreams about the incident, avoids driving/riding in cars as much as possible, and she can't seem to shake feelings of irritability and anger that started after the accident. Based on this scenario, Martha most likely suffers from _________________. Possible Answers: depression post-traumatic stress disorder no mental illness bipolar disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

Brian, an officer in the Air Force, was injured while serving in Iraq. He was involved in a roadside ambush and although he sustained only minor injuries to his arm, one of his soldiers was killed during the gunfire. He has had a hard time sleeping ever since and often has nightmares of the event. He often blames himself for what happened and feels terribly guilty about it all. Brian has symptoms ofobsessive-compulsive disorderantisocial personality disorderposttraumatic stress disorder

posttraumatic stress disorder

Someone suffering from agnosia has problems with __________. Possible Answers: making decisions processing sensory information language remembering things emotional regulation

processing sensory information While people suffering from agnosia are still capable of hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling and tasting new stimuli, their brains are unable to process that information into a recognizable experience.