Chapter 15 Senses

About ______ million people have a problem with close or far vision

500

How can you tell the difference between the sound of a tuba and that of a flute?

Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies.

T/F: All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.

False

T/F: As you try to focus on a faraway object, the lens of the eye becomes round and thick.

False

T/F: Golgi tendon organs are a type of cutaneous receptor for touch.

False

T/F: It is just a myth that eating carrots will improve your night vision.

False

T/F: Nearsighted people cannot see objects that are close.

False

T/F: Papillae occur along the walls of the taste buds on the tongue.

False

T/F: Sensory receptors of the skin are very distinct—each one has its own function.

False

T/F: Taste and smell are similar in that both respond to some sort of pressure.

False

True or False? The intensity of pain is always proportional to the extent of injury ______

False

Why does a heart attack radiate pain in the left shoulder and arm?

Sometimes stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin.

If stereocilia move toward the kinocilium, which of the following occurs?

Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is mismatched with its function?

Pacinian corpuscles, fine touch

T/F: Gravitational equilibrium is responsible for detecting up and down movements of the head.

True

T/F: Nociceptors are a type of chemoreceptor.

True

T/F: One-third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.

True

T/F: The louder a pitch, the more the basilar membrane vibrates.

True

Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?

ampulla

When blood pressure increases, what type of sensory receptor detects this?

an interoceptor called a baroreceptor

A form of out-of-focus vision that makes all things look blurred is called ______

astigmatism

Which structure is associated with the outer ear?

auditory canal

What structures, in order, are responsible for hearing, starting with a sound wave?

auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea

The utricle is especially sensitive to what type of movements?

back and forth

The two major organs of the auditory system are the ears and the ______

brain

______ respond to chemical substances

chemoreceptors

A snail-like region called the ______ contains tiny hair cells, which are mechanoreceptors, that register movement that's amplified from sound waves

cochlea

There three kinds of ______ cells that roughly correspond to the colors red, green, and blue

cone

Our sense of sight uses rods and ______ as the main sensory receptor cells. Rods and cones are located in the retina of the eye.

cones

Which of the following is a layer or coat of the eye? a. retina b. sclera c. collagen fibers d. choroid e. All of the answer choices are layers of the eye.

e. All of the answer choices are layers of the eye.

Which of the following statements is true concerning olfactory cells? a. Olfactory cells are located in the roof of the nasal cavity. b. Olfactory cells end in a tuft of about five cilia. c. Each olfactory cell has only one out of several hundred different types of receptor proteins. d. Olfactory cells are modified neurons. e. All of the answer choices are true concerning olfactory cells.

e. All of the answer choices are true concerning olfactory cells.

Which of the following is a type of cutaneous receptor? a. Meissner corpuscles b. Pacinian corpuscles c. Krause end bulbs d. Merkel disks e. All of the answer choices are types of cutaneous receptors.

e. All of the answer choices are types of cutaneous receptors.

A sound that comes from directly in front of you will reach both ______ at the same time

ears

What is the correct order of cells within the retina starting in the posterior compartment and ending in the choroid?

ganglion cell layer, bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer

Genetic testing in people with rare disorders that prevent them from feeling pain have pinpointed several other possible targets for drugs and perhaps eventually ______ therapy.

gene

Which disorder of the eye is due to an accumulation of aqueous humor?

glaucoma

Because we only have three kinds of cones, the brain can be tricked into thinking it's seeing any color by carefully adding together the right combination of just three colors: red, ______, and blue

green

The taste buds on our tongues are many ______ receptor cells with hairs that bind the molecules and food and send messages to our brain's gustatory receptors

gustatory

Where are thermoreceptors located?

hypothalamus and skin

The two refractive surfaces of the eye are the cornea and the ______

lens

Which of the following is part of the middle ear?

malleus

What type of exteroceptors are located in the ear?

mechanoreceptors

Which receptors are associated with the sense of equilibrium?

mechanoreceptors

______ respond to forces and movements

mechanoreceptors

In the skin are many types of receptors including ______ cells which are mechanoreceptors that detect touch and thermoreceptors which can sense hot and cold

merkel

______ is the biological reception of harmful or potentially harmful stimuli.

nociception

The ______ bulbs of the brain are located on the other side of the skull bone from the nasal passage and detect molecules entering our nasal passage

olfactory

Diseases like ______ freeze the tiny ear bones so they no longer vibrate

osteosclerosis

Stereocilia include both inner hair cells and ______ hair cells

outer

A person's emotional state, memories, beliefs and expectations can all influence how much ______ they experience.

pain

Nerve signals from taste buds go primarily to the ________, while those for olfactory cells go primarily to the ________.

parietal lobe; temporal lobe

______ respond to light

photoreceptors

What type of receptor is involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone and, thereby, the body's equilibrium and posture?

proprioceptors

Which of the following is a genetic mutation that affects males more than females?

red-green color blindness

______ is the ability of a transparent medium to change the direction of light passing through it

refraction

Light perception happens in a paper-thin layer of cells, called the ______

retina

The rod and cone cells are located within which layer of the eye?

retina

______ are used for seeing in low-light conditions

rods

The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor?

savory

If the nerves between the eyes and the ears were switched, stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the ear would result in

seeing lights

When you entered the room, there was a faint smell of smoke, but after about an hour, you no longer noticed the smell. What happened?

sensory adaptation

The summing up of nerve signals by ________ is called ________.

sensory receptors; integration

Which type of sensory receptor responds to chemicals?

taste cells

In farsightedness

the eyeball is shorter than normal.

______ respond to heat

thermoreceptors

Hearing loss is the ______ most common chronic disease in the world

third