Chapter 15 The Four Phases of the Thirty Years War
The Swedish-French Phase (1635-1648)
France enters the war and dominates. They loot Germany who can't fight back and loose 1/3 of their population. Germany doesn't fully recover from this for a very long time.
The Danish Phase (1625-1629)
It started because previous wars brought fear of re-Cath to entire empire. King Christian IV tries to defeat Denmark but Maximilian beats him up. Then Ferd II and Walenstein kill Max b/c he's not trust worthy. Ferd II issued the Edict of Restitution which returned all land that was taken back to the Caths and calvinism is still illegal. This causes a panic in the empire.
The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
It started with Ferdinand The archduke of Styria became the king of Bohemia. He was determined to restore Catholicism to Austria, Bohemia, and Poland. He closed protestant churches, which caused the defenestration of Prague (Caths thrown out of window into big pile of poo) Ferd becomes the HRE (FERD II) but people reject him and want the Calvinist Fred V so Ferd calls in the big dogs (Spain sends Maximilian) which ends in the Battle of white mountain.
The Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
It starts with Gustavus Adolphus (King of Sweden), he led the Protestants with in the HRE. They are then Bank rolled by Cardinal Richeclu of France because he wants to keep them fragmented. They are both anti-Habsburg. In the battle of Lützen Gustavus dies but wins and Fred assassinates Wallenstein b/c he tried to go to the Prot. side. The peace of Prague is when the Prot. states compromise with Ferd II and stop fighting but they continue fighting the Sweedes, France, and Spain.
