Chapter 16- Disorders of Brain Function

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the emergency room with suspected meningitis. The nurse prepares to perform which nursing intervention upon physician orders, while diagnostic testing is being completed? Administration of antibiotics Administration of TPN Administration of oxygen Administration of pain medication

Administration of antibiotics

For seizure disorders that do not respond to anticonvulsant medications, the option for surgical treatment exists. What is removed in the most common surgery for seizure disorders?

Amygdala

What medication teaching should be done for a woman of childbearing age with a seizure disorder?

Antiseizure drugs increase the risk for congenital abnormalities.

A teenager has been in a car accident and experienced an acceleration-deceleration head injury. Initially, the client was stable but then started to develop neurological signs/symptoms. The nurse caring for this client should be assessing for which type of possible complication? Brain contusions and hematomas TIAs and cerebrovascular infarction Momentary unconsciousness Status epilepticus

Brain contusions and hematomas

A client has sustained a severe, diffuse brain injury that resulted in seriously compromised brain function. The client is at greatest risk for:

Brain death

Which intracranial volume is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure?

Cerebrospinal fluid

The nurse assessing a client with a traumatic brain injury assesses for changes in which neurologic component? Select all that apply. Cognition Level of consciousness Motor function Sensory function Metabolic function

Cognition Level of consciousness Motor function Sensory function

The health care provider is concerned that a client may be at risk for problems with cerebral blood flow. The most important data to assess would be:

Decreased level of oxygen

A child is being seen in the emergency department (ED) after ingesting crayons with lead in them. He is disoriented and having seizures. The provider suspects he has which of the following?

Encephalitis

The chart of a client admitted because of seizures notes that the seizure activity began simultaneously in both cerebral hemispheres. The nurse should interpret this to mean that the client experienced:

Generalized seizure

Following a head injury, if the brain tissue is moving upward from the infratentorial compartment and causing blockage of the aqueduct of Sylvius, which manifestations will the nurse observe? Hydrocephalus and coma Cardiac and respiratory arrest Brain tissue infarction and stroke Intracranial bleeding and shock

Hydrocephalus and coma

The nurse reading a client's lumbar puncture results notifies the physician of findings consistent with meningitis when which sign/symptom is noted? Large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils Clear cerebrospinal fluid Decreased protein count Increased glucose

Large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils

A client's recent computed tomography (CT) scan has revealed the presence of hydrocephalus. Which treatment measure is most likely to resolve this health problem?

Shunt placement

A nurse at a long-term care facility provides care for a client who has had recent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). What significance should the nurse attach to the client's TIAs? TIAs result in an accumulation of small deficits that may eventually equal the effects of a CV. TIAs are relatively benign phenomena that necessitate monitoring, but not treatment. TIAs, by definition, resolve rapidly, but they constitute an increased risk for stroke. The small bleeds that define TIAs can be a warning sign of an impending stroke.

TIAs, by definition, resolve rapidly, but they constitute an increased risk for stroke.

The nurse is explaining to a client's family how vasogenic brain edema occurs. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be: The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid. There is an increase in the production of cerebrospinal fluid volume. Normal physiologic circumstances result in decreased adsorption of CSF. There is a decrease in the amount of fluid volume in the brain.

The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.

The most common cause of ischemic stroke is:

Thrombosis

A client who is being seen in the outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted approximately 45 minutes. The client is most likely experiencing: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Cardiogenic embolic stroke Thrombotic stroke Lacunar infarct

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A client has suffered a stroke that has affected his speech. The physician has identified the client as having expressive aphasia. Later in the day, the family asks the nurse to explain what this means. The most accurate response would be aphasia that is: characterized by an inability to comprehend the speech of others or to comprehend written material. nearly normal speech except for difficulty with finding singular words. manifested as impaired repetition and speech riddled with letter substitutions, despite good comprehension, and fluency. characterized by an inability to communicate spontaneously with ease or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing.

characterized by an inability to communicate spontaneously with ease or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing.

Intracranial aneurysms that rupture cause subarachnoid hemorrhage in the client. How is the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage made?

CT scan

The nurse working in an emergency room is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a stroke. What does the nurse anticipate that the physician's orders will include?

CT scan