Chapter 16 EAQ: Inflammation

Which change does the nurse expect to see in the WBC differential of a patient with a 5-day history of a sinus infection and large amounts nasal exudate? - a decrease in basophils - a decrease in lymphocytes - an increase in band neutrophils - an increase in segmented neutrophils

- an increase in band neutrophils

Which is the name of the process used to make antigens less likely to grow in the body, thus making them effective for immunizations? - lysis - attenuation - phagocytosis - immunizations

- attenuation

Which step of phagocytosis includes bringing the WBC into direct contact with the target? - exposure - attraction - adherence - recognition

- attraction

The nurse recalls that which type of leukocyte releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage? - basophil - eosinophil - neutrophil - plasma cell

- basophil

The nurse identifies that which immune cell is highly active during a patient's type 1 hypersensitivity reaction? - basophils - monocytes - neutrophils - macrophages

- basophils

Which type of white blood cell is most involved in immunoglobulin E (IgE) presentation? - basophils - monocytes - neutrophils - eosinophils

- basophils

The cells involved in inflammation and immune response are produced where in the human body? - spleen - pancreas - lymph nodes - bone marrow

- bone marrow

Which cell in a human body is a non self cell? Select all that apply. - cancer cell - b lymphocyte - t lymphocyte - natural killer cell - infected body cell

- cancer cell - infected body cell

the nurse expects an increased level of which cytokine in a patient experiencing stage 1 inflammation? - heparin - serotonin - interleukin 2 - colony stimulating factor

- colony stimulating factor

Which type of WBC is effective during a viral infection? - neutrophils - helper t cells - cytotoxic t cells - suppressor t cells

- cytotoxic t cells

What is the function of leukocytes? Select all that apply. - destroy foreign invaders - decrease cytokine production - help with complement activation - produce antibodies against foreign invaders - help in recognizing self vs. non-self

- destroy foreign invaders - help with complement activation - produce antibodies against foreign invaders - help in recognizing self vs. non-self

Which is the function of a monocyte during inflammation? - destruction of bacteria and cellular debris - release of histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage - nonspecific ingestion and phagocytosis of microorganisms - nonspecific recognition of foreign proteins and microorganisms

- destruction of bacteria and cellular debris

Which WBC type does the nurse expect to be most active in a patient who presents to the emergency department with roundworm, a parasitic infection? - basophils - eosinophils - neutrophils - tissue mast cells

- eosinophils

Which cell is involved in the general inflammation process? Select all that apply. - eosinophils - neutrophils - basophils - natural killer cells - macrophages - cytotoxic t-cells

- eosinophils - neutrophils - basophils - macrophages

The nurse is caring for children in the emergency department and concludes that the most widespread inflammatory response will be found in the patient with which injury? - fractured arm as a result of falling from a tree - burned hand from touching a hot stove - scraped knees and hands from falling off a bike - fractured leg, chest contusions, and a dislocated shoulder from a motor vehicle accident

- fractured leg, chest contusions, and a dislocated shoulder from a motor vehicle accident

Which is a key function of neutrophils? - release vasoactive amines during allergic reaction - help in recognition of foreign proteins and microorganisms - release histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage - help in nonspecific ingestion and phagocytosis of microorganisms

- help in nonspecific ingestion and phagocytosis of microorganisms

Which is the maturational pathway a stem cell takes when it differentiates and matures into a platelet? Place in the correct order. - myeloid progenitor cell - megakaryocyte - multipotent stem cell - hematopoietic stem cell

- hematopoietic stem cell - multipotent stem cell - myeloid progenitor cell - megakaryocyte

After providing teaching about inflammation for a patient with a sprained ankle, which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? - the inflammatory response is usually painful - inflammation means that an infection is present - inflammation means my body's defense mechanism is at work - the swelling and redness around my ankle indicates inflammation

- inflammation means that an infection is present

Which substance is released in the first stage of inflammation? Select all that apply. - kinins - serotonin - histamine - chemotaxins - cyclooxygenase

- kinins - serotonin - histamine

Which functional age-related change in the older adult occurs during the immune component of inflammation? - there is a decline in natural antibodies - there is a decreased response to antigens - there is a decrease in circulating T-lymphocytes - leukocytosis does not occur during an acute infection

- leukocytosis does not occur during an acute infection

The nurse notices that ear canal of a patient is red and inflamed. Which cell would be most active in the first stage of inflammation? - basophils - eosinophils - macrophages - tissue mast cells

- macrophages

Which inflammatory condition is caused by an infection? Select all that apply. - meningitis - pneumonia - joint sprain - myocardial infarction - blister formation

- meningitis - pneumonia

When studying pictures taken from a patient's blood smear, the nurse expects which cell to appear as an immature cell rather than a mature cell? Select all that apply. - basophils - monocytes - eosinophils - band neutrophils - segmented neutrophils

- monocytes - band neutrophils

Which of the following statements indicates a need for further learning about the inflammatory response? - both monocytes and macrophages are formed from myeloid stem cells - monocytes have the same activity as macrophages; they just reside in the blood rather than the tissues - monocytes are primarily found in the blood, and macrophages are only found in tissues - macrophages can either be fixed in position in tissues or move between tissues

- monocytes have the same activity as macrophages; they just reside in the blood rather than the tissues

Which type of white blood cell acts by limiting inflammation and may result in infection if the number of these cells decreases? - basophils - eosinophils - neutrophils - macrophages

- neutrophils

Which two cells of the immune system engulf foreign cells through phagocytosis? - basophils and neutrophils - mast cells and eosinophils - neutrophils and macrophages - eosinophils and macrophages

- neutrophils and macrophages

Which statement about stage 2 of the inflammatory response is correct? Select all that apply. - neutrophils attack and destroy organisms - edema forms at the site of injury or invasion - there is an increased blood flow to the injured area - there is an increased number of circulatory neutrophils - pus contains dead WBCs, necrotic tissue, and fluids

- neutrophils attack and destroy organisms - there is an increased number of circulatory neutrophils - pus contains dead WBCs, necrotic tissue, and fluids

In the process of phagocytosis, which substance coats the target cell to increase contact of the immune cell with the target cell? - opsonin - histamine - serotonin - leukotriene

- opsonin

The nurse recalls that which condition is an example of inflammation from infection? - otitis media - blister formation - allergic rhinitis - myocardial infarction

- otitis media

When caring for a patient with lung inflammation and low alveolar macrophage levels, the nurse identifies that which immune function will be decreased? - phagocytosis - immunoglobulin E (IgE) activation - vasoconstriction - inhibition of clotting

- phagocytosis

How does the nurse respond when a patient voices concern about infection after noticing a small area of redness around an IV insertion site? - redness is a hallmark of inflammation, and inflammation is not always accompanied by infection - redness is an expected side effect of having an IV. its nothing to worry about - redness is a hallmark of a blood infection. Instead, it is associated with irritation of the skin by the cannula

- redness is a hallmark of inflammation, and inflammation is not always accompanied by infection

The nurse includes which education related to inflammation when providing discharge teaching for a patient after a modified radical mastectomy? - a referral has been made to the american cancer society's reach to recovery program, and a volunteer will call you next week - do not allow anyone to take your blood pressure or draw blood on the side where you had your breast removed - report any increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pain to your health care provider - Avoid the prone and hunchback positions, and ask your health care provider about any other restrictions

- report any increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pain to your health care provider

Which finding does the nurse expect when assessing the wound site of a patient who experienced a gunshot injury that resulted in a loss of function at the site? - scab - blisters - redness - scar tissue

- scar tissue

Which action takes place during the 3rd stage of inflammation if there is permanent tissue damage that can not be replaced? Select all that apply - fluid leaks - edema occurs - exudate forms - scar tissue develops - new blood vessels grow

- scar tissue develops - new blood vessels grow

Which condition does the nurse suspect in a patient with a WBC differential count that indicates bandemia? - lupus - bone marrow disorders - sepsis - ongoing radiation therapy

- sepsis

Which following component of the innate immunity needs to be discussed when teaching about immunology? Select all that apply. - skin - antibodies - lymphocytes - memory cells - natural killer cells

- skin - natural killer cells

The nurse observes a reddened area on the hip of a patient who is on bedrest and identifies which stage of inflammation when the patient denies pain at the site? - stage 1 - stage 2 - stage 3 - the stage in which the arachidonic acid cascade starts to increase inflammation

- stage 1

In which stage of inflammation is there an increased number of circulating neutrophils and exudate formed? - stage 1 - stage 2 - stage 3 - the stage that features tissue repair and replacement

- stage 2

Which stage of inflammation is occurring when a patient with an ingrown toenail experiences redness, pain, and pus exudate when pressure is placed on the toe? - stage 1 - stage 2 - stage 3 - stage 4

- stage 2

Which assessment finding leads the nurse to suspect an inflammatory response when visually inspecting a patient's indwelling catheter? Select all that apply. - warmth - swelling - leakage - redness - decreased function

- swelling - redness

The nurse recalls which information about neutrophils in an older adult who is experiencing inflammation? - the activity of the neutrophils is reduced - the neutrophils have eradicated the invading microbe - a normal neutrophil count is indicative of a minor infection - the neutrophil count does not change during inflammation

- the activity of the neutrophils is reduced

Which of the following information should be included when providing an education about the healing process involved with myocardial infarctions? Select all that apply. - the heart muscle is a nondividing tissue - white blood cells (WBCs) trigger new blood vessel growth - the heart muscle regains its effectiveness - scar tissue contracts like the heart tissue - scar tissue prevents the formation of a hole in the muscle wall as ischemic cells die

- the heart muscle is a nondividing tissue - white blood cells (WBCs) trigger new blood vessel growth - scar tissue prevents the formation of a hole in the muscle wall as ischemic cells die

Which of the following statements is a good description of otitis media? - it is caused by a left shift or increase in immature neutrophils - many immune system cells released into the blood have specific effects - the inflammatory response is triggered by the invasion of foreign organisms - phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils destroys and eliminates foreign invaders

- the inflammatory response is triggered by the invasion of foreign organisms

Which cell type is responsible for secretion of histamine, serotonin, and kinins in the initial stage of inflammation, causing constriction of small veins and dilation of arterioles in the area of injury? - basophils - neutrophils - macrophages - tissue mast cells

- tissue mast cells

Assessment findings of a patient in an emergency department include partial thickness second-degree burns caused by sun overexposure, intact blisters over the most severely burned areas, and moderate pain. Which statement does the nurse include in the patient's discharge information? - You will likely develop scar tissue over the most severely burned areas; the body is unstable to replace that much damage skin. -Watch for signs of infection over the burned area including itching, peeling, and pus formation -You may exude pus from the most severely burned areas as the inflammatory process precedes; this should not be mistaken as a sign of infection - A medication will be prescribed to boost the inflammatory response to help the burn heal faster

-You may exude pus from the most severely burned areas as the inflammatory process precedes; this should not be mistaken as a sign of infection