Chapter 16 Fire Streams
As water is vaporized into steam, it expands approximately ____ its original volume. Select one: a. 1,700 times b. 1,000 times c. 2,200 times d. 700 times
1,700 times
Which of the following hoseline sizes are used to supply a handline stream? Select one: a. 2½- to 3-inch (65 mm to 77 mm) hoselines b. 1½- to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hoselines c. 3½ - to 5-inch (88 mm to 125 mm) hoselines d. ¾-inch (20 mm), 1-inch (25 mm), or 1½-inch (38 mm) hoselines
1½- to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hoselines
In actual operation, fire stream angles between ___ provide maximum reach. Select one: a. 30 to 34 degrees b. 45 to 49 degrees c. 15 to 19 degrees d. 20 to 24 degrees
30 to 34 degrees
Additional personnel will be required to safely handle smooth bore nozzles at nozzle pressures greater than: Select one: a. 100 psi (700 kPa). b. 75 psi (525 kPa). c. 50 psi (350 kPa). d. 65 psi (450 kPa).
65 psi (450 kPa).
Most foam concentrates are intended to be mixed with ___ percent water. Select one: a. 10 to 25.5 b. 40.5 to 50 c. 94 to 99.9 d. 0.1 to 6.0
94 to 99.9
Which of the following BEST describes a fog-stream? Select one: a. A fire stream broken into coarsely divided droplets b. A semi-solid stream c. A compact stream with little shower or spray d. A fine spray composed of tiny water droplets
A fine spray composed of tiny water droplets
Which statement about water streams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. A stream broken into small droplets absorbs heat less efficiently. b. A solid stream has greater surface area to absorb heat. c. A stream broken into small droplets has a greater surface area. d. Water in a solid stream absorbs heat more rapidly.
A stream broken into small droplets has a greater surface area.
Which of the following statements about fire fighting foams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Air is added to the foam solution by chemical reaction. b. Proper aeration produces bubbles in a variety of sizes. c. When foam bubbles dissipate, no foam remains on the surface of the fuel. d. Air is added to the foam solution by mechanical agitation.
Air is added to the foam solution by mechanical agitation.
Which of the following statements about foam delivery devices is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Smooth bore nozzles are used only with Class B foam. b. Fog nozzles use an apparatus-mounted air compressor to generate foam. c. Solid agent foam concentrates may be used on Class A fires only. d. Air-aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for generation of low-expansion foam.
Air-aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for generation of low-expansion foam.
Which foams are required to extinguish fires of ethanol or ethanol-based fuels? Select one: a. Class A foams b. Alcohol-resistant foams c. Protein-based foams d. Synthetic foams
Alcohol-resistant foams
Which of the following statements about operating fog nozzles on handlines is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Fog nozzle flow rates may be adjusted quickly with no nozzle reaction. b. Adjustable fog nozzles must be turned off for the operator to adjust the flow. c. Fog nozzles are more difficult to handle than smooth bore nozzles. d. As the fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction decreases and the nozzle is easier to handle.
As the fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction decreases and the nozzle is easier to handle.
In which application method does the operator direct the foam stream onto an elevated object, allowing the foam to run down and onto the surface of the fuel? Select one: a. Rain down method b. Total-flood method c. Roll-on method d. Bank-down method
Bank-down method
Which of the following proportioning methods makes it difficult to refill an apparatus water tank due to excessive bubbling from residual foam solution? Select one: a. Batch-mixing b. Premixing c. Injection d. Eduction
Batch-mixing
Which of the following stream patterns is used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces? Select one: a. Straight stream b. Solid stream c. Cellar stream d. Broken-stream
Broken-stream
Which of the following statements about fire steam nozzles is most accurate? Select one: a. Smooth bore nozzles are designed to give water a fan shape before discharge. b. Fog nozzles do little to shape the fire stream. c. Smooth bore and fog nozzles are used only on handlines. d. Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces.
Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces.
Which statement about broken-streams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to conduct electricity. b. Coarse droplets absorb less heat per gallon (liter) than a solid stream does. c. A broken-stream has less reach and penetration than a fog- stream. d. The effects of a broken-stream cannot be created by another stream type.
Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to conduct electricity.
Which of the following statements about cellar nozzles is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Cellar nozzle standards are established by NFPA® 1963. b. Cellar nozzles are lowered into confined spaces through a hole cut in an overhead surface. c. Cellar nozzles can be used to apply compressed air foam. d. Cellar nozzles are driven into place with a mallet, sledge hammer, or flathead axe.
Cellar nozzles are lowered into confined spaces through a hole cut in an overhead surface.
Which of the following statements about Class A foam concentrates is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Class A foam is used for structural fires, but is not suitable for wildland fires. b. Class A foam reduces the surface tension of water, allowing better water penetration into the fuel. c. Class A foam concentrate coats and protects application equipment; equipment should not be flushed after use. d. Class A foam is used to prevent ignition of fires involving flammable and combustible liquids.
Class A foam reduces the surface tension of water, allowing better water penetration into the fuel.
Which of the following types of fog nozzles provides a constant discharge rate throughout a range of patterns? Select one: a. Constant gallonage b. Constant/select gallonage c. Basic d. Constant pressure
Constant gallonage
Which of the following BEST describes a use of a fire stream? Select one: a. Creating a protective curtain between bystanders and fire personnel b. Scattering heavy weight fuel loads c. Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area d. Pressure-washing soot and debris from apparatus and equipment
Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area
Which of the following proportioning methods depends on the Venturi Principle to draw foam through a hose connected to the foam concentrate container and into the water stream? Select one: a. Batch-mixing b. Premixing c. Injection d. Eduction
Eduction
Which of the following statements about foam concentrates is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Foam should be applied in short bursts, with the operator pausing to observe its effect on the fire. b. The minimum rate of application will be marked on the foam concentrate container. c. Foam application rates are different for each type of polar solvent. d. A foam blanket is of little benefit on unignited fuels.
Foam application rates are different for each type of polar solvent.
When using an in-line eductor, which of the following might cause foam concentrations to be too lean? Select one: a. Solid agent stick too cold to dissolve effectively. b. Foam concentrate inlet too far above surface of foam concentrate c. Too little hose between eductor and discharge nozzle d. Air compressor filter clogged, dirty, or water-soaked
Foam concentrate inlet too far above surface of foam concentrate
Which of the following foam proportioners may compromise firefighter safety since it is difficult to quickly relocate the components? Select one: a. In-line foam eductor b. Compressed air foam system (CAFS) c. Around-the-pump proportioner d. Foam nozzle eductor
Foam nozzle eductor
Which of the following statements about compressed air foam systems (CAFS) is MOST accurate? Select one: a. An air-aspirating nozzle adds air to the foam solution. b. Foam produced by CAFS adheres well to vertical surfaces. c. There is little to no nozzle reaction when using CAFS. d. Hoselines filled with CAFS are heavier than those filled with water only.
Foam produced by CAFS adheres well to vertical surfaces.
Which of the following statements about fire fighting foams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The majority of fire fighting foams are Class A and Class K. b. Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels. c. Foam works by increasing the surface tension of water, making fire streams more cohesive to reach a greater distance. d. Class A foam is especially effective on hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents.
Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels.
Which of the following statements about fog nozzles is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Fog nozzles can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern. b. Fog nozzles must be turned off before flow can be adjusted. c. Fog nozzles cannot be used to apply foam. d. Fog nozzles do not allow selection of different stream patterns.
Fog nozzles can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern.
Which of the following fire stream patterns can be used for hydraulic ventilation? Select one: a. Solid stream b. Fog-stream c. Broken-stream d. Straight stream
Fog-stream
Which of the following statements about fog-streams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer. b. Fog-streams have the greatest reach of all fire streams. c. Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are other streams. d. Fog-steams have greater reach and penetration than broken-streams.
Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer.
Which statement about fire stream limiting factors is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Surface tension can cause fire streams to overshoot the target. b. Friction with air has greater effect on solid streams than on fog- streams. c. Gravity causes fire streams to separate and lose shape. d. Fire streams have an effective forward velocity of 40 to 60 feet per second (12.2 to 18.3 meters per second).
Gravity causes fire streams to separate and lose shape.
Which size fire stream flows 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/min to 1 400 L/min)? Select one: a. High-volume stream b. Master stream c. Handline stream d. Low-volume stream
Handline stream
Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzles is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Smooth bore nozzles operate at high nozzle pressures. b. Smooth bore nozzles may be adjusted, resulting in different patterns. c. Smooth bore nozzles are very prone to clogging with debris. d. Hoselines may kink as smooth bore nozzles use less pressure.
Hoselines may kink as smooth bore nozzles use less pressure.
Which of the following statements about water pressure is MOST accurate? Select one: a. If the nozzle is below the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased. b. Adjusting pump pressure has little effect in overcoming elevation loss/gain. c. If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased. d. Gravity has little effect on nozzle pressure.
If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased.
Which of the following statements about finished foam in the environment is MOST accurate? Select one: a. In a body of water, decomposing foam can reduce oxygen available to fish and other aquatic creatures. b. Generally, protein-based foams are a greater environmental hazard than other types of foam. c. Manufacturers' safety data sheets (SDS) do not contain environmental impact information. d. In the United States, Class A foams should be approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for environmental safety.
In a body of water, decomposing foam can reduce oxygen available to fish and other aquatic creatures.
Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzle reaction is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Increasing discharge pressure and flow rate increases nozzle reaction. b. Additional personnel are required for operating smooth bore nozzles on all hoselines. c. Nozzle valves should be opened slowly to minimize water hammer. d. Lean backward to control nozzle as action increases.
Increasing discharge pressure and flow rate increases nozzle reaction.
Which of the following BEST describes the rate of discharge of a low-volume stream? Select one: a. 100 to 250 gpm (380 L/m to 950 L/m) b. Less than 40 gpm (160 L/m) c. More than 350 gpm (1 400 L/min) d. 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/m to 1 400 L/m)
Less than 40 gpm (160 L/m)
Which of the following statements about maintaining nozzles is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Maintenance, care and cleaning should be performed according to manufacturer's recommendations. b. Nozzles should be inspected after each use, and at least weekly. c. Nozzles should be stored with the control bale in the open position. d. Nozzles should be thoroughly cleaned once per year with soap, water, and a soft bristle brush.
Maintenance, care and cleaning should be performed according to manufacturer's recommendations.
Which stream is created by apparatus-mounted appliances? Select one: a. High-volume stream b. Master stream c. Handline stream d. Low-volume stream
Master stream
Which of the following foam generators is typically associated with total-flooding applications? Select one: a. Mechanical blower generator b. Fog nozzle c. Water-aspirating type nozzle d. Air-aspirating type nozzle
Mechanical blower generator
Which classification of foam is used to suppress vapors from hazardous materials spills? Select one: a. Medium-expansion foam b. Minimal-expansion foam c. Low-expansion foam d. High-expansion foam
Medium-expansion foam
Which of the following statements about foam proportioning is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The percentage rate for proportioning foam is determined by the authority having jurisdiction. b. Most Class A foams are mixed in proportions of 3 to 6 percent. c. Most Class B foams are mixed in proportions of 1 percent or less. d. Mixing Class A foam at a higher recommended percentage results in a thick, dry foam.
Mixing Class A foam at a higher recommended percentage results in a thick, dry foam.
Which type of nozzle can be used to effectively control fires in concealed spaces? Select one: a. Stacked tip b. Smooth bore c. Adjustable fog (xx) d. Piercing
Piercing
Which of the following is a characteristic of nozzles designed to operate at pressures less than 100 psi (700 kPa)? Select one: a. Produce fire streams with greater velocity b. Produce lower-density fog patterns c. Have more nozzle reaction d. Produce droplets of smaller size
Produce lower-density fog patterns
Which of the following is the primary application technique used on aboveground storage tank fires? Select one: a. Total-flood method b. Bank-down method c. Rain down method d. Roll-on method
Rain down method
Which of the following is used only on a pool of ignited or unignited fuel on open ground? Select one: a. Roll-on method b. Total-flood method c. Bank-down method d. Rain down method
Roll-on method
Which of the following nozzle control valves also controls the discharge pattern of the fire stream? Select one: a. Ball valve b. Rotary control valve c. Slide valve d. Standpipe valve
Rotary control valve
Which action of fire fighting foam creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire? Select one: a. Penetrating b. Separating c. Cooling d. Aerating
Separating
Which of the following statements about slide valves is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Slide valves use a ball with a smooth waterway that rotates 90 b. Slide valves use an exterior barrel guided by a screw and sliding along an interior barrel. c. Slide valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of the fire stream. d. Slide valves permit water to flow without creating turbulence.
Slide valves permit water to flow without creating turbulence.
Which nozzle produces a compact stream with little shower or spray? Select one: a. Piercing nozzle b. Cellar nozzle c. Smooth bore nozzle d. Constant gallonage fog nozzle
Smooth bore nozzle
Which fire stream pattern is produced by a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle? Select one: a. Solid stream b. Fog-stream c. Broken-stream d. Straight stream
Solid stream
Which of the following fire stream patterns produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon (liter)? Select one: a. Fog-stream b. Straight stream c. Solid stream d. Broken-stream
Solid stream
Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are solid streams. b. Wide angle fog patterns have the greater forward velocity than other patterns. c. Broken-streams have less reach and penetration than fog- streams. d. Solid streams are more likely to conduct electricity.
Solid streams are more likely to conduct electricity.
Which of the following statements about foam hazards is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Never flush foam concentrates from exposed skin. b. There is no need to flush or wash equipment that has been used to apply foam. c. Some foam concentrates and their vapors may be harmful if inhaled. d. Most Class A and Class B foams act to lubricate and preserve pumps, eductors, and other equipment.
Some foam concentrates and their vapors may be harmful if inhaled.
The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is called: Select one: a. Latent Heat of Vaporization. b. Specific Heat. c. Standard International Heat Unit. d. British Thermal Unit (Joule).
Specific Heat.
Which of the following statements about vaporization and steam is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces has little effect on the total volume of the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases. b. Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling. c. Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases may cause the upper layer to expand downward. d. Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces is more likely to result in complete vaporization of the fire stream.
Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling.
Which of the following fire stream patterns is usually produced by a fog nozzle? Select one: a. Straight stream b. Broken-stream c. Solid stream d. Cellar stream
Straight stream
Which of the following nozzle categories was established by NFPA®1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections? Select one: a. Straight tip b. Bresnan c. Rockwood d. Piercing
Straight tip
Which Class B foams are made from a mixture of fluorosurfactants? Select one: a. Alcohol-resistant foams b. Protein-based foams c. Specialized foams d. Synthetic foams
Synthetic foams
Which of the following statements about foam proportioners and delivery systems is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The foam proportioner and delivery system must be compatible to produce usable foam. b. The foam proportioner adds air into the foam solution to produce finished foam. c. Either a foam proportioner or a foam generating system is needed to produce a foam fire stream. d. The foam-generating system introduces the appropriate amount of foam concentrate into the water to form foam solution.
The foam proportioner and delivery system must be compatible to produce usable foam.
Which of the following statements about friction loss is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss. b. Friction increases pressure at the nozzle. c. The larger the hose, the higher the friction loss. d. Friction has little effect on the rate of water flow.
The longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss.
Which statement about constant-pressure fog nozzles is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Constant-pressure fog nozzles for handlines are only designed for low-flow rates. b. Constant-pressure fog nozzles are reliable when the operating pressure is less than 100 psi (700 kPa). c. The operator can vary the flow rate while maintaining constant nozzle pressure. d. The operator can vary flow rate but must also change the nozzle pressure.
The operator can vary the flow rate while maintaining constant nozzle pressure.
Which of the following statements about fire stream types is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material. b. The pattern must supply at least 50 percent of the critical flow rate. c. The pattern type must be correctly matched to the pattern size. d. The pattern must maintain its shape at least 50 percent of the reach of the fire stream.
The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material.
Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The type of nozzle determines the critical flow rate. b. The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle. c. The relief valve influences the reach of a fire stream. d. Hydrant pressure determines the shape of the fire stream.
The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle.
How may gravity, friction of air, and wind act on a solid fire stream? Select one: a. They may make the stream more conductive to electricity. b. They may cause the steam to remain compact for too long. c. They may alter the rate of vaporization. d. They may decrease the reach of the stream.
They may decrease the reach of the stream.
Which of the following statements about foam concentrates is MOST accurate? Select one: a. Unignited chemicals tend to change the pH of water or remove the water from fire fighting foam, making the foam ineffective. b. A thick, viscous foam can form a heat-resistant blanket over burning liquid surfaces. c. The US Department of Agriculture Forest Service requires specialized foams for hazardous materials. d. The roll-on method is ineffective for hazardous liquids.
Unignited chemicals tend to change the pH of water or remove the water from fire fighting foam, making the foam ineffective.
Which of the following statements about water hammer is MOST accurate? Select one: a. The effects of water hammer are greater at lower flow rates. b. Water hammer is caused by air and turbulence in hose lines. c. Water hammer creates a startling noise, but no real damage. d. Water hammer can damage water mains, plumbing, fire hose, hydrants, and fire pumps.
Water hammer can damage water mains, plumbing, fire hose, hydrants, and fire pumps.
Which of the following foam generators produces foam by pumping foam solution through the nozzle in a fine spray? Select one: a. Water-aspirating type nozzle b. Mechanical blower generator c. Air-aspirating type nozzle d. Fog nozzle
Water-aspirating type nozzle
Which of the following is a factor that may affect a fire stream? Select one: a. Wind direction and velocity b. Location of control zones c. Steam conversion rate d. Compartment temperature
Wind direction and velocity
Characteristics of water that make it valuable for fire extinguishment include: Select one: a. a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents. b. a single application method. c. an ability to change to steam with little energy required. d. low coefficient of friction.
a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents.
To extinguish by cooling, the fire stream must: Select one: a. absorb over 50 percent of heat generated by the fire. b. fully saturate the fuel source. c. absorb heat faster than fire generates heat. d. be fully vaporized into steam.
absorb heat faster than fire generates heat.
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by: Select one: a. neutralizing the chemical reaction. b. absorbing heat. c. excluding oxygen. d. saturating dry fuel.
absorbing heat.
Poor-quality foam may result from: Select one: a. a short hose lay on the discharge side. b. high pressure in the supply line. c. air leaks at fittings causing a loss of suction. d. the nozzle being located too far below the eductor.
air leaks at fittings causing a loss of suction.
Class A foam extinguishes and/or prevents ignition by: Select one: a. allowing water to penetrate fuels. b. preventing air from reaching the fuel or mixing with vapors. c. creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire. d. lowering the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.
allowing water to penetrate fuels.
Installed in-line eductors, around-the-pump proportioners, and balanced pressure proportioners are examples of: Select one: a. apparatus-mounted proportioners. b. compressed air foam systems (CAFS). c. portable foam proportioners. d. master stream delivery devices.
apparatus-mounted proportioners.
Multipurpose Class B foams are normally mixed at a 6 percent rate when: Select one: a. applied to hydrocarbon fuels. b. thinner (wetter) foam is desired. c. applied to polar solvents. d. fuel is burning near a body of water.
applied to polar solvents.
Factors to consider in selecting a foam proportioner include solution flow requirements, intended use, and: Select one: a. length of the discharge hose. b. proximity to bodies of water. c. stage of the fire. d. available water pressure.
available water pressure.
When used with a smooth bore nozzle, a nozzle control valve that causes turbulence when partially open which can affect the quality of a fire stream is the: Select one: a. ball valve. b. slide valve. c. standpipe valve. d. rotary control valve.
ball valve.
Because the foam solution goes through the pump, the ___ proportioning method may cause the pump to require additional maintenance. Select one: a. injection b. batch-mixing c. premixing d. eduction
batch-mixing
When applied to solid fuels, Class A foam blankets the fuel, controls flames, then: Select one: a. expands at a ratio of 20-to-1. b. dissipates into the air, leaving no residue. c. changes the pH of the water. d. breaks down, releasing water to cool the fuel.
breaks down, releasing water to cool the fuel.
To prevent water hammer: Select one: a. bleed air from hoselines. b. flush debris from nozzles. c. use ball valve controls. d. close control valves slowly.
close control valves slowly.
High-expansion foam is typically used for: Select one: a. rolling on to liquid fuel fires. b. wildland and brush fires. c. suppressing vapors from hazardous materials spills. d. confined spaces such as mines and shipboard compartments.
confined spaces such as mines and shipboard compartments.
The loss of water pressure in a hoseline is the most common example of: Select one: a. friction loss. b. water hammer. c. breakover. d. vaporization.
friction loss.
Class B foams are especially effective on: Select one: a. hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents. b. fires of ordinary combustibles. c. unignited hazardous liquids. d. wildland and brush fires.
hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents.
Friction loss may be overcome by: Select one: a. increasing pump pressure. b. curving the hoseline. c. decreasing hose size. d. inserting in-line gauges in the layout.
increasing pump pressure.
The proportioning method which uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream is: Select one: a. injection. b. batch-mixing. c. eduction. d. premixing.
injection.
A fire stream is a stream of water or extinguishing agent after it: Select one: a. is fully vaporized by the heat of the fire. b. is pressurized by the pump and passes into the fire hose. c. leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target. d. comes in contact with the desired target.
leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target.
The degree of foam expansion depends on the type of foam concentrate, accurate proportioning, quality of the foam concentrate and: Select one: a. method of aeration. b. wind direction and velocity. c. length of discharge hose. d. outside air temperature.
method of aeration.
A common reason for generating poor-quality foam is: Select one: a. eductor and nozzle flow ratings match. b. equipment is older than five years. c. mixing different types of foam concentrate in the same tank. d. nozzle remains fully open during the process.
mixing different types of foam concentrate in the same tank.
Foam lowers surface tension of water, allowing it to ___ fires in Class A materials. Select one: a. penetrate b. cool c. smother d. suppress
penetrate
Flammable liquids that mix readily with water are: Select one: a. fluorosurfactants. b. polar solvents. c. viscous liquids. d. hydrocarbon fuels.
polar solvents.
Air-aspirating nozzles must be used with: Select one: a. aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). b. high-expansion foams. c. compressed air foam systems (CAFS). d. protein and flouoroprotein concentrates.
protein and flouoroprotein concentrates.
Latent Heat of Vaporization is: Select one: a. the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree. b. the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change. c. the temperature at which the rate of vaporization begins to decrease. d. the temperature at which a substance turns to steam.
the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change.
Fire stream pattern types are defined by the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle and the size of the: Select one: a. type of apparatus generating the nozzle pressure. b. volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute. c. specific type of fuel that the fire stream is being used on. d. water source that is used for the specific fire stream.
volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute.
