Chapter 16: Personailty Disorders

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? A)psychodynamic B)biological C)cognitive-behavioral D)sociocultural

C)cognitive-behavioral

What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder? A)The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose. B)In most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse. C)In most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more extreme. D)The therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those with borderline personality disorder.

A)The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A)They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B)They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C)They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D)They are caused by epigenetic processes.

A)They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.

Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually: A)are very sensitive to criticism. B)avoid close relationships. C)are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships. D)are indifferent to criticism and seek out close relationships.

A)are very sensitive to criticism.

Janna says "There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now." She likely has which personality disorder? A)borderline B)antisocial C)narcissistic D)paranoid

A)borderline

"I can't work with that client!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with: A)borderline personality disorder. B)antisocial personality disorder. C)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. D)schizotypal personality disorder.

A)borderline personality disorder.

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared with patients receiving other forms of therapy, make: A)far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often. B)far fewer suicide attempts but are hospitalized about as often. C)about the same number of suicide attempts but are hospitalized less often. D)about the same number of suicide attempts and are hospitalized about as often.

A)far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often.

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when: A)there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness. B)preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial shifts. C)there is a decline in materialism and individualism. D)the sale of inspirational DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.

A)there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? A)You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. B)Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder. C)The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder. D)The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the time.

B)Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a: A)flashlight, running on batteries. B)dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on. C)candle, which may be blown out at any time. D)capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.

B)dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are: A)both reliable and valid. B)neither reliable nor valid. C)reliable, but not valid. D)not reliable, but valid.

B)neither reliable nor valid.

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: A)avoidant personality disorder. B)paranoid personality disorder. C)narcissistic personality disorder. D)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B)paranoid personality disorder.

A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from: A)voidant personality disorder. B)schizoid personality disorder. C)paranoid personality disorder. D)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B)schizoid personality disorder.

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A)"You're right; those are classic characteristics of antisocial personality disorder." B)"You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careful about the safety of family members." C)"You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others." D)"You've got it backward; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless of their own safety but show at least some concern for others' safety."

C)"You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others."

Which statement most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder? A)Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very consistent for many years. B)Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. C)Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. D)Personality disorder clusters are quite distinct from one another.

C)Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis.

Which statement BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers? A)The mental health field has a clear understanding of what causes mass murderers to behave as they do. B)We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them. C)We know how to treat mass murderers effectively; we just don't have the funds to offer treatment to all who need it. D)The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses.

D)The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses.

Which would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? A)an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex B)an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder C)an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances D)an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

D)an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either: A)schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. B)schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. C)antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. D)antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

D)antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

Which is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders? A)the reliability of the diagnosis B)the validity of the diagnosis C)distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder D)incorporating new research into the new edition

D)incorporating new research into the new edition

Which statement is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder? A)They lie frequently. B)They are careless with money and often do not pay their debts. C)They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's. D)They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.

C)They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's.

If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, what action will be required of clinicians? A)They will not have do anything differently than they are doing now in diagnosing personality disorders. B)They will have to observe the criteria for diagnoses directly. C)They will need to rate the degree of dysfunction caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders. D)They will have to utilize categories versus a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders

C)They will need to rate the degree of dysfunction caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders.

Camila felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Camila's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder? A)obsessive-compulsive B)narcissistic C)borderline D)antisocial

C)borderline

When the seat belt light in D.B.'s car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: A) obsessive personality disorder. B)antisocial personality disorder. C)histrionic personality disorder. D)narcissistic personality disorder.

C)histrionic personality disorder.

Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to _____ the individual with the disorder. A)reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in B)identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for C)increase the anxiety level of D)decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in

C)increase the anxiety level of

If instruments such as the Big Five are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become: A)more categorical as well as more a matter of degree. B)more categorical and less a matter of degree. C)less categorical and more a matter of degree. D)less categorical as well as less a matter of degree.

C)less categorical and more a matter of degree.

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is MOST likely: A)existential. B)biological. C)object relations theory. D)cognitive-behavioral theory.

C)object relations theory.

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that: A)substance abuse causes individuals to develop antisocial personality disorder. B)antisocial personality disorder causes individuals to abuse substances. C)there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality Disorder. D)if individuals stop abusing substances, their antisocial personality disorder will be cured.

C)there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality Disorder.

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: A)schizoid personality disorder. B)avoidant personality disorder. C)paranoid personality disorder. D)schizotypal personality disorder.

D)schizotypal personality disorder.

he schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that: A)those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B)paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C)women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D)those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

D)those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.