chapter 16 questions

after ovulation in a female

A corpus luteum would be present ________.

zygote

A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________.

an embryo

From fertilization to week 8 of pregnancy, the conceptus is called ________.

uterine (Fallopian) tube

In what part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization typically occur?

epididymis

In what specific part of the male reproductive system do maturing sperm gain increased motility and their ability to swim?

hCG prods the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones.

Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) important early in pregnancy?

She will have difficulty conceiving naturally since the usual site of fertilization is the uterine (fallopian) tube.

A woman wants to have children who are conceived naturally. She has had repeated infections in both of her uterine (fallopian) tubes due to gonorrhea. As a result, both uterine tubes have been narrowed due to the presence of scar tissue. Interpret the impact of the scar tissue on her reproductive future.

At puberty

At what point in life does a female begin her monthly ovarian cycle?

prostate

Boris is 65-year-old male who has to strain to urinate. A digital rectal exam reveals an enlarged palpable mass appreciated on the anterior surface. Which of Boris's reproductive structures is the underlying cause of his problems?

implantation

Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________.

myometrium

During childbirth, which layer of the uterus contracts to force the baby out of the mother's body?

severe fetal damage

During the early stages of pregnancy, a woman is diagnosed with German measles (rubella). Evaluate the following and determine what problem her fetus is more at risk for experiencing.

XY

Male sex chromosomes are represented as ________.

has gone a year without menstruation

Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________.

labor

Oxytocin and prostaglandins are necessary to initiate the series of events that result in childbirth known as ________.

ovaries

The female reproductive organs, known as ________, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

menarche

The first menstrual period, which usually occurs at approximately age 13, is called ________.

gametes

The gonads, or primary sex organs, produce sex cells, also known as ________.

the afterbirth

The placenta and its attached fetal membranes, expelled from the uterus during the placental stage of labor, are collectively referred to as ________.

third

The placenta is usually functioning to deliver nutrients and oxygen to, and remove waste from, the embryonic blood by the ________ week of pregnancy.

expulsion stage

The stage of labor that involves the delivery of the infant is the ________.

dilation, expulsion, placental

The three stages of labor in the correct order are ________.

morula

The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity approximately three days after fertilization is called a ________.

Alchohol

Which substance can cross the placental barrier and may cause a life-threatening birth defect?

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation.

uterine tubes; ovary

Ultimately, pelvic inflammatory disease in women is made possible because of the less-than-complete connection between the __________ and the __________.

significant increase in blood volume

What change occurs in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

Sperm from exiting the body in semen

What does a vasectomy prevent from happening in a male?

ovulation

What event occurs following the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge during the female monthly cycle?

amnion

What fluid-filled sac surrounds the fetus?

The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.

What is not a true statement concerning the vagina?

prepuce

What is removed during male circumcision?

cleavage

What is the early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisions occur as the zygote travels down the uterine (fallopian) tube?

produce testosterone

What is the function of the interstitial cells in the testes?

produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

What is the general function of the gonads?

the acrosomal reaction

What is the process by which the acrosome membranes of sperm break down and release enzymes that digest holes in the surrounding oocyte membrane?

The cervix dilates.

What occurs in the first stage of labor?

placenta

What organ delivers nutrients to the developing embryo and produces estrogen and progesterone?

ovary

What organ produces the female gametes?

Clitoris

What part of the external female genitalia corresponds to the male penis?

cervix

What part of the uterus projects into the vagina?

endometrium

What term refers to the lining of the uterus?

amnion

When a pregnant female experiences her "water breaking" during the dilation stage of labor, what has ruptured?

ejaculatory duct

Where would sperm travel next after moving through the ductus deferens?

seminal vesicles

Which gland produces 60 percent of seminal fluid volume, including fructose and prostaglandins?

Bulbourethral glands

Which gland produces thick, clear mucus that cleanses the penile urethra of acidic urine?

Seminal vesicles

Which gland provides fructose, a sugar in semen that energizes sperm?

Seminal vesicles

Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion that nourishes and activates sperm?

relaxin

Which hormone causes pelvic ligaments and the pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible during pregnancy?

Testosterone

Which hormone is made by the interstitial cells of the testis?

Oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates more frequent and more powerful contractions of the uterus as birth nears?

Cervical cancer

Which of the following can be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease?

Males experience a longer latent period after orgasm as they age.

Which of the following is true of the age-related effects on a male's reproductive system?

hot flashes

Which of these results from the low estrogen levels that occur after menopause?

hermaphroditism

Which rare condition results in individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues?