Chapter 16 Study Questions

both production and release

TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

endocrine; nervous

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

medulla

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

thyroid gland

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

steroid hormones

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except

PTH

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

glucagon; insulin

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

several

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

gene transcription is initiated

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

are produced by the adrenal medulla

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

an increase ATP production

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except

endocrine

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

a G protein

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

hypothalamus

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes

Growth hormone does all of the following except

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Steroid hormones

suprarenal

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

insulin; lowers

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar.

build up bone

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

composed of amino acids

Peptide hormones are

steroid hormones

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except

median eminence

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,

endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other

Which of the following is mismatched?

Hormones

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.