Chapter 16 Study Questions
both production and release
TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
endocrine; nervous
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.
medulla
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
cortex
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
TSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
thyroid gland
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
steroid hormones
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except
PTH
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.
glucagon; insulin
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
several
Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.
gene transcription is initiated
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
are produced by the adrenal medulla
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
an increase ATP production
An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except
endocrine
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.
parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
a G protein
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
hypothalamus
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
cause fat accumulation within adipocytes
Growth hormone does all of the following except
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
Steroid hormones
suprarenal
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.
insulin; lowers
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar.
build up bone
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
composed of amino acids
Peptide hormones are
steroid hormones
Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except
median eminence
Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other
Which of the following is mismatched?
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
