Chapter 16- The Civil War

three, effect, follow

Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3: Lee planned to rush the center of the Union line with _______ divisions, but their artillery fire had very little _______ on the Union. Those who made it past the Union artillery were quickly shot down. General Lee retreated on July 4, 1863, but for some reason Meade did not ________.

attacked, two, Grant

Battle of Shiloh: General Grant earned new recruits from the Army of the Ohio and trained them. He knew that the Confederates were nearby but didn't expect an attack, so they __________ his army very easily. The battle lasted for _____days, and the victory went to _______. Grant continued to gain control of the Mississippi.

Total War

Destroying civilian and economic resources. Sherman practiced this through his March to the Sea, marching to Savannah and destroying everything in his troop's path, hoping to ruin their economy (but also leading to resentment)

Hampton Roads, withdraw, wooden

Clash of the Ironclads: The Virginia came to _________ _______, VA, where an important waterway was guarded by wooden Union warships. They were easily sank. When it returned to the same location, the Monitor was waiting and they engaged in a battle that lasted for several hours. Neither one was seriously damaged, but the Monitor forced the Virginia to __________. This also signaled the end of ________ warships.

draft, 300

Congress approved a _______ or forced military service. Men could pay their way out of service for $_____, but this was a lot of money for families that weren't as fortunate.

10, 13, killed, enslaved, vote

African American soldiers earned $____ a month, while white soldiers received $____ a month, and if they were captured, they would be _________ or __________. Lincoln suggested rewarding them by giving them the right to _____.

Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

Jackson's troops met Pope's Union forces on the battlefield in August in 1862 to prevent them from joining up with McClellan's army.

General McClellan

Lincoln's first choice for commander of the Union forces. He prepared the men well, but he would never attack. He was in the Seven Day's Battles and the Battle of Antietam.

Population, industries, transportation, money

Northern resources were that they had a larger ____________ (22 mil), a network of __________. Through roads, canals, and railroads, they also had the advantage of _______________, and through their economy and banking system they had lots of _______.

farms, medical, Clara Barton

People on the home front worked in jobs that the drafted men had once occupied. Women worked on _______ and on the battlefield as _________ workers, such as _______ ________. She took care of the soldiers, eventually forming what would later become the Red Cross.

Gettysburg Address

President Lincoln gave a speech in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War

Siege of Vicksburg

General Grant's troops began this in mid-May 1863, cutting off the city and shelling it repeatedly.

stronger, Union, Savannah

General Hood's forces attacked Sherman's troops, and they proved to be _________ than the Confederates. Atlanta was destroyed (he warned them in advance) and now in _______ control. His next mission would be to attack the port city of __________, Georgia.

Winfield Scott

He developed a two-part strategy at the very beginning of the war: to destroy the South's economy with a naval blockade of southern ports and to gain control of the Mississippi River to divide the south.

cliff, supplies, surrendered

Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg was on a ______, making it very hard to invade. Since the Union cannons couldn't go up the cliff, Grant cut off the city from _________ through gunfire. Townspeople ate whatever they could find, lost their homes, and became ill. The Confederates eventually _____________, which was considered a turning point in the war.

injuries, diseases

Soldiers had a hard time in war. Being in ancient battle formations made it easy to be killed in battle, but others also died from __________ that were sometimes led to amputations. But the lead killer was the __________. Prisoners of war were in even worse conditions.

military, strategy

Southern resources: they had a strong __________ tradition, with defense _________, since the North was attacking on their soil.

Border States

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

Habeas Corpus

To silence Copperheads, Lincoln took away the right of ________ _______, which is constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. Union officials abused this and jailed all of their enemies, not just Copperheads.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war. He was very determined to destroy railroads and industries.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union General who forced the surrender of Vicksburg and became general in chief of all Union armies. He forced Lee to fight a series of decisive battles which led to the Confederate surrender. He had his western campaign to take control of the Mississippi River.

General McDowell

Union General who led the Union Army to failure at the Battle of Bull Run because of his overly complex plans for the distracted, inexperienced army' He was going to go to Manasses, VA to try and capture an important railroad junction.

Battle of Shiloh

Union army gained greater control of the Mississippi River valley

Monitor

Union ironclad ship with a few new features, including a revolving gun tower. It had thick plating and powerful guns.

existed, attack.

When President Lincoln had his inaugural address, he promised not to end slavery where it _________ and not to ________ the south.

Union

Who won the Battle of Antietam?

Confederates

Who won the Battle of Bull Run?

Confederates

Who won the Battle of Chancellorsville, despite the loss of their key general, Stonewall Jackson?

Confederates

Who won the Battle of Cold Harbor?

Confederates

Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg?

Union

Who won the Battle of Gettysburg?

Confederates

Who won the Second Battle of Bull Run?

Confederates

Who won the Seven Days' Battle?

Fort Sumter

a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina, that was attacked by the Confederates in April 1861, sparking the Civil War. It went on for 34 hours before the federal troops finally surrendered.

Battle of Gettysburg

a key battle that turned the tide against the Confederates

casualty

a military person lost through death, wounds, injury, sickness, internment, or capture or through being missing in action

Wilderness Campaign

a series of battles designed to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

Battle of Antietam

also known as the battle of Sharpsburg was the bloodiest single day battle in the Civil War and U.S. History.

54th Massachusetts Infantry

consisted mostly of free African Americans that were very determined to fight. In July 1863 this regiment led a heroic charge on South Carolina's Fort Wagner.

Emancipation Proclamation

the military order to free the Confederate slaves, issued in September 12, 1862 and began on January 1st, 1863. It was more of a symbol of what the Union was fighting for than an actual, effective order. But still, newly freed African Americans celebrated in churches and welcomed their new lives.

Seven Days Battle

A series of clashes that forced the Union army to retreat from near Richmond starting on June 26th.

Virginia

Abandoned Union warship salvaged by the Confederacy, previously called the Merrimack. Enforced with iron plates to become an ironclad ship. It was renamed.

David Farragut

Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack on New Orleans that led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.

northern, Frederick, Harpers Ferry,

Battle of Antietam: the Confederates decided to move the battle into _________ soil. The Confederates split up, one group going to __________ in Maryland, the other to __________ _______. A copy of Lee's plans were left behind, and the two armies met along Antietam Creek, lasting for hours with Confederates suffering 1,000 more casualties than the Union. Lee's northward advance had been stopped.

McDowell, Stonewall Jackson, panicked

Battle of Bull Run: Lincoln had General __________'s army to go from DC to Richmond, heading toward Manasses. Confederate General Beauregard's troops attacked them at Bull's Run Creek. The Unions pushed them back and crossed the creek, but ___________ __________'s troops refused to move. Confederate reinforces arrived and the Union left in a __________ retreat with spectators.

Hooker, flanking, frontal,

Battle of Chancellorsville: _________ and his troops attacked Fredericksburg, but his __________ troops had defended Chancellorsville and Lee's men attacked there. Lee attacked the _________ lines, splitting the Union army in two and eventually forcing them to retreat.

casualties, railroad

Battle of Cold Harbor: General Grant had become the commander of the Union Army, beginning the Wilderness Campaign. After a battle in Spotsylvania, he experiences his worst defeat, where he suffered huge ___________. Afterwards, he tried to take control of the key _________ at Petersburg, except Lee's defense was unbreakable.

Burnside, Rappahannock, Hooker

Battle of Fredericksburg: Lincoln replaced McClellan with General __________ as the commander of the Army of the Potomac. They had a difficult time crossing the _____________ River, so the Confederates managed to get over their surprise and regroup. General _________ becomes the next Union general.

Cemetery Ridge, Culp's Hill, reinforcements

Battle of Gettysburg, Day 1: Lincoln had previously replaced Hooker with Meade. The Confederate army pushed the much smaller Union army through Gettysburg to the south side of the town. Union troops found a great defensive point in __________ _______ and _______ ______, since Ewell didn't attack them as he was ordered to. Both sides received ________________ that night.

left, right, unattended, Chamberlain

Battle of Gettysburg, Day 2: Lee ordered an attack on the ______ (at 4 pm) then on the _______ side of the Union. Major Sickle's forces moved to Cemetery Ridge to fight, leaving their post ____________. Both sides fought viciously over the Union's left flank, which was under command of Colonel ____________. As a last attempt, the Confederates attacked both of the Union's hills and took a few trenches.

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

Border states were:

food, clothing, rifles

Both the North and the South struggled with ______, ________, and _______ shortages.

Stonewall Jackson

Brave commander of the Confederate Army that led troops at Bull Run. He died in the confusion at the Battle of Chancellorsville.

Richmond, Virginia

Capital of the Confederacy

General Lee

Commander of Confederate Army. Great leader, Lincoln wanted him as the leader of the Union Army, but he refused due to his loyalty to his home.

Appomattox Court House

Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865

Declaration, equality, two

Gettysburg Address: President Lincoln gave a short speech at a cemetery for the Union soldiers that had died in the Battle of Gettysburg, referencing the __________ and the importance of liberty, democracy, and _________ to all of its citizens. It was about _____ minutes long.

Disguised, chains, Vicksburg

In order to meet Grant upriver, Farragut ___________ his ships, wrapped his wooden ships in ________ to protect them, and then kept on going until he reached ___________.

Copperheads

Midwesterners that sympathized with the South and opposed abolition, saying that the war just drafted white men to fight for what Southern African Americans believed in.

stalemate, Pope, crushed

Second Battle of Bull Run: The first day was savage and ended in a ___________, the second day ______ fought hard against Jackson's troops but they both had large losses, and on the third day the Confederates _________ the Union.

McClellan, Lee, retreat

Seven Day's Battle: ___________ planned an attack but hesitated to attack, eventually making the Union lose even more time. Eventually General _____ attacked, beginning the battle, and had McClellan _________ to Richmond.

Richmond, surrendered

Sherman attacked the last Confederate defenders in North Carolina while Grant broke through Confederate defenses nearby. Lee was forced to retreat from _________ and very reluctantly ____________.

Democratic, Abolitionists, border, Secretary

The ____________ Party, consisted mainly of laborers, didn't want to lose their jobs because of slaves. _______________ said the whole point of the war was to free them, the ________ states didn't like a similar idea in the past, and the ___________ of War said that the slaves were the Confederacy's advantage, so Lincoln had the right.

won, Vicksburg

The aftermath of the battle of Gettysburg was that now northerners began to believe that the war could be _____. The Confederate retreat was on the same day as Grant's capture of ___________, causing a boost in Union confidence.

Contrabands

escaped slaves who joined the Union army during the Civil War. This crippled the Confederate's ability to wage war.

First Battle of Bull Run

the first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory; showed that the Civil War would not be won easily.

Emancipation

the freeing of slaves. Although Lincoln completely agreed with this, he was afraid to do this as he wasn't sure if he had the constitutional power and worried about its effects.

Cotton Diplomacy

the idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South's raw cotton to supply its booming textile industry

Ironclads

ships heavily armored with iron