Chapter 16 - The Reproductive Systems

All of the following are structures of the penis EXCEPT corpus spongiosum. foreskin. external urethral orifice. glands penis. ejaculatory duct.

ejaculatory duct

The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the endometrium. cervical lining. perimetrium. myometrium. serosa.

endometrium

Sperm maturation involving the acquisition of motility and the ability to fertilize an egg (secondary oocyte) occurs in the seminiferous tubules. straight tubules. epididymis. rete testes. vas deferens.

epididymis

The dome-shaped portion of the uterus found superior to the uterine tubes is called the fornix. fimbria. fundus. infundibulum. cervix.

fundus

The type of ovarian follicle that ruptures at the time of ovulation is called a primary follicle. secondary follicle. corpus luteum. graafian (mature) follicle. primordial follicle.

graafian (mature) follicle

All of the following are structures of the mammary glands EXCEPT the greater vestibular gland. alveoli. Cooper's ligaments. areola. lobules.

greater vestibular gland

The presence of ___ in maternal blood or urine indicates pregnancy hCG FSH LH GnRH progesterone

hCG

The funnel-shaped expanded portion of the uterine tube that contains fimbriae is called the corpus albicans. infundibulum. corpus cavernosa. corpus spongiosum. perineum.

infundibulum

Which phase of the female reproductive cycle is characterized by thickening of the endometrium and presence of one dominant graafian follicle? menstrual phase preovulatory phase ovulation postovulatory phase pregnancy

preovulatory phase

The hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg is LH. FSH. prolactin. progesterone. relaxin.

progesterone

Correct answer. Your answer is correct. Menstruation (the sloughing off of portions of the endometrium) is directly caused by a decrease in the ovarian secretion of progesterone and estrogens. testosterone and progesterone. progesterone only. estrogens only. LH.

progesterone and estrogens

The doughnut-shaped accessory sex gland that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra in males is the Cowper's gland. prostate gland. bulbourethral gland. adrenal gland. seminal vesicle.

prostate gland

The terminal duct carrying semen from the male reproductive system is the ejaculatory duct. penis. urethra. ductus deferens. ureter.

urethra

The average volume of semen in a typical ejaculation is 1 to 2 mL. 1.5 to 3 mL. 2.5 to 5 mL. 4.5 to 6 mL. 5 to 7 mL.

2.5 to 5 mL

Infertility in males becomes likely if the sperm count falls below 50 million sperm/mL. 40 million sperm/mL. 30 million sperm/mL. 20 million sperm/mL. 10 million sperm/mL.

20 million sperm/mL

Spermatids (male gametes) contain ___ chromosomes. 16 20 23 36 46

23

The average duration of menstrual cycle is 14 days. 18 days. 24 days. 28 days. 32 days.

28 days

Sperm cells can survive up to ___ hours in the female reproductive tract. 10 24 36 48 52

48

Which of the following is NOT a form of contraception? vasectomy tubal ligation oral contraceptives IUD All are forms of contraception

All are forms of contraception

Semen production involves the testis. prostate gland. bulbourethral gland. seminal vesicles. All of these choices.

All of these choices

Which of the following hormones control the menstrual and ovarian cycles of the female? GnRH FSH LH estrogen All of these choices

All of these choices

day 14

Based on what you know about the events induced by the hormones shown in the graph, on what day would you predict that ovulation would occur? day 1 day 6 day 10 day 14 day 26

The initial secretion of estrogens by the growing ovarian follicles is directly stimulated by GnRH. relaxin. progesterone. FSH. LH.

FSH

FSH stimulates testosterone production. True False

False

Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the posterior pituitary gland stimulates the secretion of estrogen by ovarian follicles and stimulates sperm production in the testes. True False

False

Secretions from all the male accessory sex glands have an alkaline pH (> 7.0) in order to neutralize the acidity of the male urethra and female reproductive tract. True False

False

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules and then transported to the epididymis for storage. True False

False

Surgical removal of the uterine (fallopian) tubes is called oophorectomy. True False

False

The region between the labia minora is called the hymen. True False

False

The uterus is supported and held in position by the ovaries. True False

False

All of the following is true about semen except contains sperm. is alkaline (basic). uses sucrose as an energy source. contains secretions from 3 glands. contains an antibiotic.

uses sucrose as an energy source

Fertilization usually occurs in the vagina. cervix. uterus. uterine tubes. ovaries.

uterine tubes

The external genitalia of the female are collectively called labia. vulva. clitoris. mons pubis. glans.

vulva

The cell produced by fertilization of the ovum by sperm is called a(n) gamete. secondary oocyte. embryo. zygote. fetus.

zygote

In males, the hormone inhibin is produced by the hypothalamus. Sertoli cells. pituitary gland. interstitial cells of Leydig. spermatogonia.

Sertoli cells

During early fetal development, germ cells in the ovaries differentiate into oogonia. True False

True

Estrogens and testosterone stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females and males, respectively. True False

True

Gametes differ from all other body cells because they have a single set of chromosomes (23). True False

True

Human gametes are produced using meiosis in order to reduce the number of chromosomes to half the number that the other cells have. True False

True

Males can retain reproductive capabilities into their 80s and 90s but do have a decline in testosterone synthesis after about age 55. True False

True

Many women near the time of menopause experience hot flashes and heavy sweating coinciding with increased secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. True False

True

Oogenesis begins before birth, while spermatogenesis does not occur until puberty. True False

True

Semen has a slightly alkaline pH. True False

True

Sperm are produced at the rate of about 300 million per day. True False

True

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules, mature in the epididymis, and then travel through the ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra. Along the way, secretions are added by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands. True False

True

Sperm cells mature in the epididymis. True False

True

The mucosa of the vagina contains large stores of glycogen whose decomposition creates an acid environment. True False

True

The permanent cessation of menses (menstrual flow) is called menopause. True False

True

The production and survival of viable sperm has to occur at a temperature lower than normal body temperature. True False

True

The recessed area of the vagina surrounding the cervix is called the fornix. True False

True

The secretion of milk from the mammary glands following delivery is largely due to the hormone prolactin. True False

True

The only method that is 100% reliable in preventing pregnancy is sterilization. birth control pills. spermicides. abstinence. IUDs.

abstinence

Enzymes used by sperm cells to penetrate an egg (ovum) during fertilization are located in the neck of the sperm cell. acrosome. middle piece of the tail. principal piece of the tail. nucleus of the sperm.

acrosome

During the production of secondary oocytes by oogenesis, meiosis II is completed prior to birth. at puberty. just before ovulation. just after ovulation. after fertilization.

after fertilization

The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland is called alveolus. areola. perineum. apex. vulva.

areola

Test Bank, Question 38 The initial trigger for the onset of puberty in both males and females is secretion of testosterone or estrogen from the gonads. FSH from the anterior pituitary. LH from the anterior pituitary. GnRH from the hypothalamus. oxytocin from the posterior pituitary.

GnRH from the hypothalamus

The rupture of the graafian follicle during ovulation is due to a surge in FSH. LH. progesterone. estrogen. inhibin.

LH

Testosterone is produced by the corpus luteum. islets of Langerhans. Sertoli cells. Leydig cells. spermatocytes.

Leydig cells

A = FSH, B = Estrogens, C = LH, D = Progesterone

Which of the following represents the correct labeling of the graph? A = FSH, B = LH, C = Estrogens, D = Progesterone A = FSH, B = Estrogens, C = LH, D = Progesterone A = LH, B = FSH, C = Estrogens, D = Progesterone A = FSH, B = Progesterone, C = LH, D = Estrogens A = Relaxin, B = Inhibin, C = Estrogens, D = Progesterone

B and D

Which of the labeled curves in the graph represent hormones that are released by the ovaries? A and B B and C B and D A and C All of the hormones are released from the ovaries

The structure that separates the uterine body from the vagina is the uterine tube. fundus. cervix. vulva. hymen.

cervix

All the following hormones are released by the corpus luteum EXCEPT progesterone. estrogens. relaxin. chorionic gonadotropin. inhibin.

chorionic gonadotropin

The structure of the female reproductive system that contains erectile tissue is the external urethral orifice. vaginal orifice. labia minora. mons pubis. clitoris.

clitoris

All the following hormones are involved in promoting and regulating various aspects of lactation EXCEPT oxytocin. prolactin. progesterone. estrogen. dehydrotestosterone (DHT).

dehydrotestosterone (DHT)

All of the following are true for meiosis EXCEPT it occurs during spermatogenesis. it occurs during oogenesis. the daughter cells have only half the chromosomes of the parent cell. it is subdivided into meiosis I and meiosis II. it can be used to generate new spermatogonia.

it can be used to generate new spermatogonia

All of the following are true about testosterone EXCEPT it stimulates androgens. it stimulates libido (sex drive). it stimulates human growth hormone production. it is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics of males. its feedback inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus.

it stimulates human growth hormone production

The production of testosterone in the interstitial cells of Leydig is stimulated by inhibin. luteinizing hormone. follicle-stimulating hormone. relaxin. progesterone.

luteinizing hormone

"Crossing-over" of genes among chromosomes occurs during spermiogenesis. differentiation of spermatogonium to a primary spermatocyte. meiosis I. meiosis II. mitosis.

meiosis I

he beginning of menstruation or the first menses is called menopause. menarche. amenorrhea. dysmenorrhea. menorrhagia.

menarche

The region of a mature sperm cell that contains large numbers of mitochondria to produce ATP for locomotion is the acrosome. head. end piece of tail. middle piece of tail. principal piece of tail.

middle piece of tail

Sperm production occurs in the Sertoli cells. seminiferous tubules. interstitial cells of Leydig. epididymis. vas deferens.

seminiferous tubules

During spermatogenesis, the cells formed by meiosis II are called spermatids. sperm cells. primary spermatocytes. secondary spermatocytes. spermatogonia.

spermatids

Which of the following cells is the least mature type of spermatogenic cell? sperm cell spermatid spermatogonia primary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte

spermatogonia