Chapter 16
Among the casualties at the Battle of Little Bighorn was a man known for his skirmishes with Native Americans. Who was this man?
George Custer
How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?
It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying the land.
Which of the following is true of plains farm life during the late nineteenth century?
It often lacked any access to the outside world.
Which of the following is true about mining in the Far West in the latter part of the nineteenth century?
It produced the region's first economic boom.
Which of the following are true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States. It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
The awe-inspiring qualities of the western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______ school.
Rocky Mountain
How did the Chinese respond to working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?
Some went on strike to combat low pay and terrible conditions.
Which of the following best describes the significance of completing the transcontinental railroad?
States were inspired to support construction of subsidiary lines.
Why did transcontinental railroad builders prefer to hire Chinese workers?
The Chinese made few demands.
Why is the Battle of Little Bighorn significant?
The Indian army united an almost unprecedented number of warriors.
Why did most whites engage in the practice of Indian hunting?
They wanted to eliminate a race of people they thought were inhuman.
How did the role of Mexicans change in late-nineteenth-century New Mexico?
They were forced into low-paying labor jobs.
Which of the following are true of commercial farmers on the plains in the late nineteenth century?
They were not self-sufficient. They specialized in cash crops.
True or false: Mark Twain's characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer tried to escape into a more natural world.
True.
Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?
Whites became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.
How did literature express the growing discontent with late-nineteenth-century agrarian life?
by reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life
What cornerstone of Indian culture was directly destroyed by the Dawes Severalty Act?
communal property ownership
The systematic placing of Indians on reservations was known as the "----------" policy.
concentration
A derogatory term of Chinese indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery was
coolie.
Railroads encouraged western settlement to
create new markets for the goods their lines would transport.
Workers in the West had greater ______ than those in the East.
ethnic diversity
Pacific Coast Indians supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as
fishing and foraging.
The western agricultural economy of the 1870 and 1880s
flourished for a short time before making a long, steady decline.
Which of the following were major grievances western farmers had in the late nineteenth century?
high interest rates inflated rail costs crop prices
Which of the following posed the greatest challenge to laborers in the West?
lack of job security
In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature
levied a tax on foreign miners.
Which of the following most contributed to agrarian malaise?
loneliness
Ranchers moved cattle substantial distances from ranges to railroad centers in procedures called
long drives.
Which of the following were responsible for the loss of Indian population in California between 1850 and 1880?
poverty disease Indian hunters
Which of the following best describes the mining boom in the West?
short-lived
Initially, Indian resistance to white expansion took the form of
small-scale raids.
Which of the following best describes commercial farmers of the late nineteenth century?
specialized
Which of the following was the most violent of all the Indian conflicts?
the Apache Wars
What legislation provided for the gradual elimination of most tribal land ownership and alloted tracts of land to individual owners?
the Dawes Severalty Act
After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from
the East.
What Indian leader said, "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever"?
Chief Joseph
Which of the following was a provision of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Chinese immigrants could not become U.S. citizens.
Anti-Chinese activities in the latter part of the nineteenth century were the result of the resentment of white workers toward
Chinese laborers accepting lower wages.
What group of Indians was the last to maintain resistance against white intrusion?
Chiricahua Apaches
Which of the following was an effect of the federal government's policy of placing Indians on reservations?
Indians were displaced to various undesirable lands.
How did the climate of the early 1870s affect westward migration?
Intense rainfall caused many farmers to relocate to the Great Plains.
Which of the following is true of the western agricultural economy in the late nineteenth century?
It enclosed land once used as hunting terrain for Indians and open range for cattle.
After the mission society collapsed in the 1830s, who emerged as leaders west of the Sierra mountains?
Mexican aristocracy
The most serious and sustained conflict between western Indians and white troops occurred in
Montana.
How did the works of Mark Twain romanticize frontier America?
They depicted freedom from social constraints.
How were commercial farmers different from independent ones?
They focused on both national and world markets.
How did U.S. expansion to California affect most members of the Mexican aristocracy in the region?
They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor.
After battling American troops in a battle at White Bird Canyon, the Nez Percé
attempted to flee to Canada.
Which of the following best describes the agricultural economy in the West after the Civil War?
boom-bust
Some tribes of Plains Indians lived a sedentary life as farmers, but others subsisted on hunting ______, which provided the economic basis for Plains Indians' way of life.
buffalo
How did the United States respond to acts of Indian aggression?
by calling upon militias to subdue and destroy the Indians
The farmers' most burning grievance in the late nineteenth century was against the
railroads
In the 1880s and 1890s more Anglo-Americans entered the Southwest, largely due to the expansion of the region's
railroads.
Which of the following did American cattlemen and cowboys adopt from Mexican ranchers?
roundups branding roping spurs saddles
In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were
the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
Western agricultural life was defined by ___________ shortages
water
Which of the following was a direct result of the landscapes of the Rocky Mountain school?
western tourism
In the western economy, ______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while ______ employees occupied the unskilled jobs.
white; nonwhite
Although they didn't know it, the primary root of the problem for farmers was
worldwide overproduction.
