Chapter 16

Manually ventilating an adult patient with a BVM should be done at a rate of: -16-20 breaths per minute. -12-20 breaths per minute. -10-12 breaths per minute. -8-10 breaths per minute.

10-12 breaths per minute.

To suction an endotracheal tube the measurement of the soft catheter is from the tip of the endotracheal tube to the level of the carina, which lies at approximately the sternal notch. In the adult patient, typically a ________ Fr. suction catheter is used. -4 -8 -14 -20

14

Capnometry is the measurement of carbon dioxide in exhaled air. A normal capnometry value is: -35-45 mmHg. -90-100 mmHg. -20-30 mmHg. -50-60 mmHg.

35-45 mmHg.

Your patient is a 72-year-old man with a history of COPD. He is complaining of shortness of breath and his pulse oximeter reading is 74 percent on room air. You hear very little air movement upon auscultation over the lung fields. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the appropriate treatment for this patient? -Administer high flow oxygen and give ventilatory assistance if necessary. -Withhold oxygen due to the patient's hypoxic drive. -Have the patient breathe into a paper bag to increase the PaCO2. -Immediately administer 1 amp of sodium bicarbonate to decrease acidosis.

Administer high flow oxygen and give ventilatory assistance if necessary.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding complete airway obstruction? -The patient has difficulty speaking. -The patient is coughing to try to expel the object. -Airflow is neither felt nor heard from the nose or mouth. -All of these

Airflow is neither felt nor heard from the nose or mouth.

What are considered the FIRST and MOST critical steps in the primary assessment of every patient you will encounter? -Chest compressions and application of an AED -Establishing an intravenous line and administering fluids -Establishing unresponsiveness and check pulse -Airway management and ventilation

Airway management and ventilation

Which of the following can cause laryngeal spasm, leading to upper airway obstruction? -Inhalation of smoke or superheated gases -Anaphylaxis -Epiglottitis -All of these

All of these

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the suctioning of patients? -Suction should be applied while withdrawing the catheter. -Effective suction units should generate at least 300 mmHg when the distal end is occluded. -Suction attempts should be limited to 10 seconds. -All of these

All of these

An AEMT should avoid inserting a nasopharyngeal airway in patients with severe head or mid-face trauma or other indications of a basilar skulls fracture such as: -CSF rhinorrhea. -battle signs. -CSF from ears. -All of these.

All of these.

A patient with Cheyne-Stokes respirations is likely suffering from what condition? -Increasing intracranial hemorrhage -Anxiety -Diabetic ketoacidosis -Brainstem injury

Brainstem injury

Progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing is called: -Cheyne-Stokes respirations. -Biot's respirations. -Kussmaul's respirations. -agonal respirations.

Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

In the case of an unresponsive patient with significant head trauma who is vomiting and has irregular respirations, what decision seems most prudent? -Begin rapid transport to the hospital immediately. -Immediate aggressive care should be taken to manage the airway. -Assessment of the patient's oxygen levels should be the top priority. -A simple airway adjunct should be used.

Immediate aggressive care should be taken to manage the airway.

You have been called for a patient who has overdosed on drugs and alcohol. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly at eight times per minute, but exhibits no cyanosis. Which of the following best describes his condition and the appropriate intervention? -Inadequate breathing; administer oxygen at 15 lpm through a nonrebreather facemask. -Adequate breathing; administer oxygen at 15 lpm through a nonrebreather facemask. -Adequate breathing; initiate positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen. -Inadequate respirations; start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen.

Inadequate respirations; start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen.

Which is an appropriate method of initially opening the airway of an unconscious trauma patient? -Head-tilt; chin lift maneuver -Oral tracheal intubation -Jaw-thrust maneuver -Nasal tracheal intubation

Jaw-thrust maneuver

Your 54-year-old female patient is displaying deep, gasping, rapid respirations. What respiratory pattern is she exhibiting? -Kussmaul's respirations -Cheyne-Stokes respirations -Biot's respirations -Agonal respirations

Kussmaul's respirations

You arrive on the scene of a patient who is unconscious, with a history of diabetes mellitus. They present with very rapid, deep respirations that are known as: -Kussmaul's respirations. -Biot's. -Cheyne-Stokes. -apneustic respirations.

Kussmaul's respirations.

What airway compromise results in gurgling respirations? -Laryngeal edema or constriction -Fluid in the alveoli and distal airway passages -Obstruction by blood, vomit, or other secretions -Obstruction by the tongue

Obstruction by blood, vomit, or other secretions

You have been called to a long-term nursing care facility for a 77-year-old female patient with Parkinson's disease. According to the nursing staff, she is more confused than normal and is to be transported to the emergency department for evaluation. Since the patient neither understands nor can answer any of your questions, which one of the following signs provides the BEST evidence that her breathing is adequate? -Pulse oximeter reading at 98 percent -Respiratory rate of 18 -Clear breath sounds -Strong radial pulse

Pulse oximeter reading at 98 percent

A patient who inhaled superheated steam in an industrial fire is MOST likely to exhibit which one of the following airway noises? -Stridor -Snoring -Gurgling -Wheezing

Stridor

Upon arrival, you find a 73-year-old man unconscious in his bathroom. After moving him to an open area, and suspecting no trauma, what is the preferred method of opening his airway? -The jaw-thrust maneuver -the jaw-lift maneuver -The head-tilt ;chin-lift maneuver -The modified jaw-thrust maneuver

The head-tilt ;chin-lift maneuver

Your 23-year-old patient fell 24 feet from a ladder. He is unconscious and has snoring respirations. What type of manual airway maneuver should be used to open his airway? -The modified jaw-thrust -The jaw-thrust -The Sellick maneuver -The head-tilt/chin-lift

The modified jaw-thrust

What is the difference between the simple face mask and the nonrebreather face mask? -The nonrebreather may feel confining to the patient, the simple will not. -The nonrebreather has a reservoir bag and rubber flaps over the inlet;outlet ports, the simple does not. -The nonrebreather requires a tight face seal, the simple does not. -All of these are correct.

The nonrebreather has a reservoir bag and rubber flaps over the inlet;outlet ports, the simple does not.

Which oxygen delivery system delivers the highest concentration of oxygen? -The nasal cannula -The simple face mask -The Venturi mask -The nonrebreather mask

The nonrebreather mask

Which of the following devices measures hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the blood? -The pulse oximeter -The capnometer -EtCO2 detectors -The esophageal tube detector

The pulse oximeter

________ is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath. -Alveolar ventilation -Minute volume -Tidal volume -Dead air volume

Tidal volume

What is the MOST effective method of delivering bag-valve-mask ventilations? -Three-rescuers -Two-rescuers -Four-rescuers -One rescuer

Two-rescuers

Which of the following is controlled by the levels of CO2 and O2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid? -Ventilation -Respiration -Cardiac output -Inspiration

Ventilation

You arrive on the scene to find a 16-year-old girl with difficulty breathing. She has a history of asthma. She has an inhaler, but it is empty. Which of the following breath sounds would you expect to hear? -Wheezing -Stridor -Gurgling -Crackles

Wheezing

If a patient is unresponsive, there is a high probability that there may also be an associated: -breathing problem. -circulation problem. -mental problem. -airway problem.

airway problem.

To measure an oropharyngeal airway measure the length from the: -teeth to the angle of the jaw. -nares to the tip of the earlobe. -corner/center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. -corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe.

corner/center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw.

The main advantage of the supraglottic airway over an endotracheal tube is it: -isolates and protects the trachea from aspiration. -eliminates the need for a face-to-mask seal. -does not require direct visualization of the larynx. -can only be passed orally.

does not require direct visualization of the larynx.

An AEMT can utilize all of the following advanced airway devices EXCEPT: -endotracheal tube (ETT). -esophageal tracheal Combitube. -laryngeal mask airway (LMA). -King LTD.

endotracheal tube (ETT).

A nosebleed is also referred to as: -rhinitis. -hematosis. -epistaxis. -naseoitis.

epistaxis

Signs of inadequate breathing include all of the following EXCEPT: -eupnea. -dyspnea. -hyperpnea. -tachypnea.

eupnea.

You are checking the D oxygen tank in the ambulance and note that the reading on the pressure regulator reads 1000 psi. You should recognize that the tank is: -overfilled. -almost empty. -half full. -leaking.

half full.

The ________ molecule carries the vast majority of oxygen in the blood. -hemoglobin -plasma -white blood cell -platelet

hemoglobin

The condition characterized by a decrease in the amount of oxygen perfusion in the tissues in called: -hypoxia. -hypoglycemia. -hypovolemia. -hypoxemia.

hypoxia

The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a measurement of the ________ flow rate of air during ________. -maximal; expiration -minimal; inspiration -maximal; inspiration -minimal; expiration

maximal; expiration

In normal breathing, air movement on inspiration is generated by: -positive intra-abdominal pressure. -positive intra-thoracic pressure. -negative intra-abdominal pressure. -negative intra-thoracic pressure.

negative intra-thoracic pressure.

Maintaining positive pressure in the airway during expiration to prevent collapse of the smaller airways and alveoli would be called: -positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). -positive pressure ventilation (PPV). -peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). -continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).

Aspirated foreign bodies tend to lodge in the: -esophagus. -right main stem bronchus. -terminal alveoli. -left main stem bronchus.

right main stem bronchus.

Upper airway noises caused by a partial obstruction of the airway by the tongue are known as: -rhonchi. -wheezes. -stridor. -snoring.

snoring

The AEMT shows that he is correctly using the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device when he: -increases pressure if the air enters the stomach instead of the lungs. -ventilates the patient at a rate of 20 breaths per minute. -stops ventilating as soon as the patient's chest begins to rise. -administers each ventilation over a two- to three-second period.

stops ventilating as soon as the patient's chest begins to rise.

Harsh, high pitched sounds heard on inspiration are known as: -stridor. -rhonchi. -snoring. -wheezes.

stridor

The soft suction catheter is BEST used to: -suction the upper airway. -suction the lower airway. -remove larger particles from the upper airway. -remove large volumes of fluid secretions rapidly.

suction the lower airway.

The basic technique used to remove blood, other secretions, or vomit from a patient's airway is: -suctioning. -compression. -distention. -debridement.

suctioning

To perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver, the patient should be placed in a ________ position. -prone -supine -side reclined -lateral

supine

The MOST common airway obstruction is the: -uvula. -tonsils. -tongue. -adenoids.

tongue

The trauma chin-lift and ________ airway maneuvers may be considered in patients in who the head-tilt/chin-lift and modified jaw-thrust maneuvers are ineffective. -difficult -triple -double -adequate

triple

Movement of air into and out of the lungs is defined as: -ventilation. -oxygenation. -respiration. -perfusion.

ventilation