Chapter 1/6/7/8 Quiz ANTH

The archaeological record in North America bears witness to a dramatic shift in culture after:

10,000 B.P..

How long ago was the goat domesticated in the Middle East?

10,000 years ago..

Evidence of wild grain harvesting and consumption in Israel dates to as early as

20,000 B.P..

When did Aborigines occupy the harsh interior of Australia?

20,000-25,000 years ago..

The Bering Strait was above water, on and off, between

35,000 and 11,000 B.P..

Maize appears in the American southwest around ________; in the east around_________.

3500 BP; 1800 BP.

Paleogenetic and paleoecological evidence point to dates of occupation for Australia as far back as:

60,000 B.P..

Unequivocal evidence for art as symbolic expression dates from as early as:

77,000 BP, at Blombos Cave.

According to Lewis Henry Morgan's stages of human culture, labeled savagery, barbarism and civilization, which of the following statements is correct?

A culture that is in a stage other than civilized is 'stuck' there due to something lacking in their society..

What does Australia have in common with the rest of the world during the Holocene epoch?

A growth in cultural diversity..

Clovis points are NOT found in:

Alaska..

How does anthropology differ from other social sciences such as economics and sociology?

Anthropology is holistic and integrative in its approach..

Which area is home to the tradition of making stone tools from chipped pebbles, called Hoabinhian?

Asia.

Upon exploring Rhode Island the Italian navigator Giovanni de Verrazzano noted that the native people resembled:

Asians..

Which continent features the earliest evidence of etching into a rock face?

Australia.

Which of the following is the name of the stone blade exhibiting a fluted point on both faces and associated with extinct elephants?

Clovis

What is the difference between simple foragers and complex foragers?

Complex foragers focus on a few highly productive resources..

Which of the following is the Pleistocene ice mass in North America centered in the Rocky Mountains?

Cordilleran.

_________ is the set of strategies for survival that are NOT genetically determined.

Culture.

When the author refers to the 'detritus of past people' he is writing about their:

Debris, Written records and gravestones

What is the name of the lithic technology seen in the Arctic and consisting of wedge-shaped cores, micro-blades, bifacial knives and burins?

Denali Complex.

During the Pleistocene era, the islands of Java, Sumatra, Bali, and Borneo formed ___________. The landmass connecting Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania was called ___________.

Sunda; Sahul.

What was the climate of Greater Australia 20,000 years ago?

Temperate, Frozen tundra, hot and dry.

The New World, 'discovered' by Christopher Columbus, was filled with approximately how many people?

Tens of millions.

What evidence indicates that the Star Carr site was occupied in the spring?

The animal teeth at the site show that most were killed between the months of March and April..

What do the amount of grave goods buried with the children at Sungir' indicate?

The tribe had a complex system of inherited social statuses..

Up to 50,000 years ago, what was the relationship between anatomically modern humans and us?

They looked like us but did not think like us..

What do anthropologists NOT need to know to determine when people first entered the Americas from Siberia?

When were sled dogs first domesticated?.

How long ago did human groups begin actively controlling their food sources by artificially producing conditions under which these sources would grow?

Within the past 12,000 years..

The early Mesolithic Maglemosian culture was adapted to:

a forest and lakeside environment..

A place where people lived and/or worked and where the physical evidence of their existence can be or has been recovered is:

a site..

A tool that effectively extends the length of the arm, allowing for greater accuracy and distance when throwing a spear is called

a spear-thrower..

In nature a mode or strategy for survival is known as:

an adaptation..

A burin is:

an engraving tool..

Archaeology is a branch of

anthropology..

Which subfield of anthropology could be described as studying "other people's garbage?"

archaeology.

The directed breeding of plants and animals is called:

artificial selection..

The significance of Frere's discovery was that the things he'd found were located

beneath the remains of extinct animals.

Australian and America megafauna were probably wiped out

by both humans and environmental changes..

A person who believes that the current appearance of the earth can be best explained as having resulted from a series of natural disasters is known as a:

catastrophist..

Which of the following is an example of parietal art?

cave paintings.

In comparison to the Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic tool technologies

changed rapidly..

Most caves containing paintings are

closed to visitors because of light and moisture damage..

Which of the following is NOT an innovation of the Mesolithic?

crop irrigation systems.

The most prominent feature of the food resource base of post-Pleistocene Europe was its:

diversity..

Archaeologists consider the burials of ___________ at Koster evidence of a step toward the Neolithic.

dogs.

While studying animals (e.g., finches and turtles) on the Galapagos islands, Darwin was struck by the fact that

each island seemed to have a sort of finch or turtle that was related to the species on the mainland, but recognizably different..

Charles Lyell, an English geologist and a uniformitarian, believed that the world must be extremely old. His based his argument on the fact that

erosion works incredibly slowly..

Researchers who study humans by residing in particular societies and observing the behaviors of the people are:

ethnographers..

The best word to describe the cultures of the Mesolithic period is:

flexible..

The climate of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene could be characterized as:

fluctuating significantly, but growing progressively warmer.

For 99% of human history, people have depended on _________ for their subsistence.

foraging.

What distinguishes the trade patterns of the Mesolithic from those of the Upper Paleolithic?

in the Mesolithic, goods traveled less far but more goods were exchanged.

The Lake Forest Archaic tradition relied on ____________ resources; the Maritime Archaic hunted ___________ creatures.

lacustrine; pelagic.

The Mesolithic:

lies between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic..

Opportunistic foraging involves

little planning.

A subsistence strategy and settlement pattern based on seasonality and planned acquisition of resources is known as:

logistical collecting..

With which of the following techniques were the native navigators of the Pacific NOT familiar?

magnetic orientation to the poles.

Which foods are included in the triad of plants that provided the subsistence base for indigenous New World civilizations?

maize, beans and squash.

The large, extinct herbivores of the Pleistocene era are referred to as

megafauna..

A preserved pile of trash, often containing food remains is called a _____________. A digging tool with a working blade set at right angles to the handle is called a______________.

midden; mattock.

Excavation of Yang-shao sites in China indicates which domesticated crops?

millet, cabbage, and rice..

"Lost villages" like Pilfershire can be found:

often just by taking a walk in the woods..

A design that is not painted upon but is etched into a rock face is called a:

petroglyph..

Which crop is South America's most significant agricultural contribution to Europe?

potatoes.

The Lapita designation is applied to the entire cultural complex of Polynesia though it was first named after what?

pottery style.

Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis explaining why agriculture developed?

smaller human populations and correspondingly smaller demand for food.

In 1797, John Frere found some unusual _________ in an English quarry.

stone tools.

The "lion-man" figurine is interesting because it

suggests a possibly spiritual meaning.

What is the progenitor of maize?

teosinte.

The skulls of the earliest migrants to the New World do not match those of modern Native Americans. This suggests

that craniometrics is an unreliable method of tracking populations..

The undersea chasm between New Guinea/Australia and Java/Borneo is called __________.

the Wallace Trench.

The three-age system refers to:

the breakdown of human culture into a Stone Age, a Bronze Age and an Iron Age..

The "grandmother effect" refers to

the decrease in child mortality associated with the presence of older generations..

The Gault site in south-central Texas has produced evidence from 13,000 years ago that Paleoindians chose this location based on:

the proximity to a local source of chert for quarrying and making stone tools..

The Maglemosian culture exemplifies:

the pursuit of a more sedentary way of life..

Stratigraphy is:

the study of the earth's layers..

Linguistic and genetic research has suggested that the migration to the New World probably took place sometime before 20,000 B.P. The shortcoming of these techniques is that

they are relatively imprecise..

According to analyses of human DNA, what was the origin of the first European farmers?

they migrated from southwest Asia and brought domesticated plants and animals..

Creationists believed the Earth had not changed since its creation less than six _________ years earlier.

thousand.

The transition from food gathering to a total reliance on agriculture:

took thousands of years..

The belief that processes like weathering and erosion are responsible for the appearance of the earth is known as:

uniformitarianism..

The Younger Dryas:

was a period of glacial expansion..

Virtually all the crops important in the European Neolithic:

were imported from other regions..

The complex-foraging ________ culture replaced simple-foraging societies in the Levant.

Natufian..

Which of the following is the last to be occupied by human beings?

New Zealand.

The Upper Paleolithic is generally associated with:

New and improved stone tool technologies. A broadening of the subsistence base. Larger sites with increased populations.

What occupation date do most archaeologists agree on for Australia?

No earlier than 40,000 years ago..

Which of the following does NOT suggest human manipulation of plants?

Noticeably thicker seed coats..

The __________ tradition feature finely made, leaf-shaped stone blades. The __________ tradition, which followed behind it, emphasizes bone and antler work.

Solutrean; Magdelanian.

In Holocene Africa, the __________ was replaced by the ____________.

Iberomaurusian culture; Capsian culture.

In Randall White's view, what do items of personal adornment in the Upper Paleolithic period imply?

Increasing awareness and importance of individual identity..

Which of the following does NOT represent a 'discontinuity' between both the Middle and Upper Paleolithic and the Middle and Late Stone Age periods?

Increasing importance of flake tools..

What effect did this cold snap have on human populations?

It tested the ability of human beings to adapt..

Who is best known as an ethnographer?

Margaret Mead.

On which continent are most of the Venus figurines found?

Europe.

What best characterizes the subsistence strategies of the North American Archaic period?

Greater regional differentiation..