chapter 17

Where are haustra found?

large intestine

in which organ do the peristaltic waves typically only occur 2-3 times each day?

large intestine

Which of the following is needed to digest lipids?

lipase

What organ is responsible for the production of bile?

liver

What is the process of breaking down large molecules into small ones without affecting the chemical composition called?

mechanical digestion

Where are sensory signals from the stomach and small intestine sent to trigger a vomiting reflex?

medulla oblangata

Which layer of the digestive tract is composed of epithelial tissue and may contain folds and mucus-secreting glands?

mucosa

Increased peristaltic activity in the small intestine is due to __________ nervous stimulation and distension of the __________ wall.

parasympathetic; stomach

The enzyme __________ begins digestion of protein in the stomach.

pepsin

The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus of food into the __________. This process is a(n) __________ action.

oropharynx; voluntary

What is the correct order of vessels as blood flows through the liver?

Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein

What is the term to describe the mass of chewed food mixed with saliva?

bolus

What are the three phases of gastric activity?

cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

What structure is pulled upward during swallowing to close the opening between the nasal cavity and pharynx?

uvula

What is xerostomia?

dry mouth

Which of the following is/are functions of the large intestine? Check all that apply.

absorb water, store feces

What are the major function(s) of the digestive system?

breakdown and absorption of food

In the intestinal lumen, triglycerides are digested to fatty acids and monoglycerides. These two components are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa and enzymatically reunited to re-form triglycerides. These triglycerides, along with other lipids, enter the lacteals as part of particles called __________.

chylomicrons

Which are functions of saliva? Select all that apply.

cleanses mouth and teeth, Dissolves molecules so they can be tasted, Aids in swallowingAids

What disorder is characterized by a weakened intestinal wall resulting in the inner mucous membrane protruding through the wall?

Diverticulosis

What is peristalsis?

A propulsive movement of contents of the lumen from one area to another

What is segmentation?

Localized contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that help to mix food and secretions

The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle?

The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.

What part of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teeth grinding, and eating acidic foods?

enamel

What is the function of the gallbladder?

to store bile in between meals