Chapter 17 Chemistry

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if doubling the concentration of a reactant quadruples the rate of the reaction, what is the exponent of the concentration of the reactant in the rate law

1

think of the conditions that speed up reactions. when considering surface area, which would burn most slowly a. a large lump of coal b. small pieces of coal c. powdered coal d. all of these burn at the same rate

A. a large lump of coal

How does changing the temperature affect the rate of reaction?

It affects the frequency of collision and the number of effective collisions

If a reaction system has come to equilibrium, it can be made to run to completion under what circumstances?

The product has precipitated as a solid

What is a homogeneous reaction

a homogeneous reaction is a reaction in which all of the reactants and products are in the same phase

what does the letter k in a rate law stand for

a proportionality constant

when the chemical equilibrium expression is written, coefficients from the equation for the reaction become what part of the expression

appear as exponents

at equilibrium, what is happening/ has happened to the forward and reverse reactions

both the forward and reverse reactions continue

how is the reaction order found

by adding the reaction orders with respect to the reactants

Which process is used to speed up chemical reactions

catalysis

what does concentration rate depend on

concentration

what affects reaction rate

concentration of reactants, temperature, the physical state of reactants and their dispersion, the solvent, and the presence of a catalyst

A sample of a substance burns more rapidly in pure oxygen than in air. Which factor is most responsible for this high rate of reaction?

concentration of the substance

reactions tend to run to completion if a product has what propertiess

gas

which term describes a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants and products

homogenous

under what conditions do reactions tend to run to completion

if the product is precipitated as a solid

what does raising the temperature of reactants in a system do to the average kinetic energy of the molecules and the collision rate of the molecules

increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules

how is a heterogeneous catalyst different from the reactants in a chemical reaction

it has a different phase from that of the reactants

If the concentration of reactants is higher, how is the reaction rate affected

it increases

under suitable conditions, roughly what proportion of all chemical reactions are reversible

nearly all

What does a very high value of K indicate

products are favored

catalysts generally affect chemical reactions by doing what

providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy

What does a very low value of K indicate

reactants are favored

what does the letter n in a rate law stand for

reaction order

what does the letter R in rate law stand for

reaction rate

what is the decrease in reactant concentration per unit time in a reaction a measure of

reaction rate

what does a rate law relate

reaction rate and concentrations of reactants

what kind of reaction occurs in which products can react to re-from reactants

reversible reaction

at equilibrium, how do the rates of the forward and reverse reactions compare/ differ

the forward reaction rate is equal to the reverse reaction rate

in a chemical equation, what part becomes the numerator when calculating the equilibrium constant

the products

what is rate

the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place; measured by the rate of formation of the product or the rate of disappearance of the reactants

in a chemical equation, what part becomes the denominator when calculating the equilibrium constant

the reactants

if the temperature of the reactants is low how is the reaction rate affected

the reaction rate is generally lower

what does a value of K near 1 indicate

there are roughly equal concentrations of reactants and products

In heterogeneous reactions, what is different about the reactants

they are in different phases

according to the rate law, how are the rate of a reaction and the concentration of reactants related

they are proportional

what must occur in order for gas particles to react

they must collide


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