Chapter 17 Endocrine System

Match the items in the left column with the correct answers on the right column. 1. Example of exocrine secretion 2. Endocrine system 3. Exocrine system 4. Example of endocrine system

1. Digestive enzymes. 2. Secretions travel in the bloodstream 3. Secretion travel through ducts 4. Testosterone

Match the inhibitory influence with the correct example. 1. Humoral stimulus 2. Neural stimulus 3. Hormonal stimulus

1. High blood Na+ (and a subsequent increase in blood pressure) stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic hormone from the heart. 2. Growth hormone inhibiting hormone prevents the release of additional growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. 3. Decreased sympathetic stimulation leads to reduced secretion of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.

Match the hormones with their correct description. 1. Transport of lipid-soluble hormones 2. Water-soluble hormone solubility 3. Lipid-soluble hormone solubility 4. Transport of water-soluble hormones

1. Most transport as bound hormones 2. Highly soluble in the blood. 3. Low blood solubility 4. Usually travel as free hormones.

Match the type of chemical messenger with its description. 1. Autocrine chemical messenger 2. Neurotransmitters 3. Endocrine chemical messengers 4. Paracrine chemical messengers

1. Stimulates the cell that originally secreted it. 2. Secreted by neurons into a synaptic cleft. 3. Travel through general circulation to act on target tissues. 4. Act on nearby cells.

Drag each example to its proper category of chemical messenger. Neurotransmitter

A neuron releases acetylcholine into a synapse, stimulating a second neuron.

Indicate the type of drug described: 1. The drug in asthma inhalers binds to epinephrine receptors, stimulates the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the lung airways.

Agonist

Drag each example to its proper category of chemical messenger. Autocrine

An immune cell secretes IL-2, which stimulates the same cell to undergo mitosis.

Indicate the type of drug described: 2. A drug prevents platelet aggregation by binding to epinephrine receptors on platelets and inhibits their normal action.

Antagonist

Drag each example to its proper category of chemical messenger. Endocrine

Growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates bone growth.

Drag each example to its proper category of chemical messenger. Paracrine

Histamine secreted by mast cells stimulates nearby blood vessels to dilate.

_____________ hormones bind to receptors usually found in the nucleus, whereas _____________ hormones bind to membrane-bound receptors. Multiple Choice Water-soluble; lipid-soluble Lipid-soluble; water-soluble

Lipid-soluble; water-soluble

The ovarian hormone _________ is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. Multiple Choice progesterone luteinizing hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone estrogen Correct

estrogen

The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to Multiple Choice hormone response elements in DNA. Correct hormone response elements in mRNA. hormone response elements on proteins. ribosomes to stimulate translation. the cell membrane, thereby increasing its permeability.

hormone response elements in DNA.

Endocrine glands secrete ___________ into the bloodstream, where they travel to specific sites called ___________. Multiple Choice neurotransmitters; neurons hormones; target tissues Correct histamines; target tissues epinephrine; postsynaptic cells

hormones; target tissues

As an example of hormonal communication, when osmoreceptors of the _______________ detect dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland causes the release of _________________. Multiple Choice hypothalamus; oxytocin hypothalamus; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct anterior pituitary; antidiuretic hormone anterior pituitary; renin

hypothalamus; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The hormone ___________ is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of a positive feedback loop between it and the ovary. Multiple Choice progesterone luteinizing hormone Correct gonadotropin-releasing hormone estrogen

luteinizing hormone

The hormone ___________ is released by the corpus luteum after ovulation and is part of a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Multiple Choice progesterone Correct luteinizing hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone estrogen gonadotropin

progesterone

Steroid hormones bind to Multiple Choice carbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell. carbohydrate receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell. protein receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell. protein receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell. protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell. Correct

protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell

A ________ is a protein on a cell that has a site to which a specific hormone can bind. When the target tissue decreases the number of these that are available to the hormone, this is called __________. Multiple Choice target protein; neutral regulation receptor; up-regulation specificity protein; down-regulation receptor; down-regulation

receptor; down-regulation

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ______. Multiple Choice absorption diffusion filtration secretion

secretion

The mode of action of steroid hormones involves Multiple Choice a second messenger. modification of enzyme activity. stimulation of DNA replication. stimulation of mRNA transcription. Correct inhibition of protein synthesis.

stimulation of mRNA transcription.

Steroid hormones are water-soluble. True or False

False

Steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers. True or False

True

During ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone. Multiple Choice amplification positive feedback down-regulation up-regulation Correct

up-regulation

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except _________, which is in a class by itself. Multiple Choice eicosanoid epinephrine prostaglandin acetylcholine Correct

acetylcholine

Due to ____________, a single hormone can set off a cascade-like response due to its activation of second messengers. Multiple Choice down-regulation transcription amplification Correct negative feedback

amplification