Chapter 17 - Health Promotion in Infants

What are the 2 types of breastfeeding in terms of timetables?

-exclusive: preferred method first 6 months -continued: first year and beyond

When are infants physiologically and developmentally ready for an introduction to solid foods?

4-6 months

breast milk is ___% fat

50%

A nurse is using the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) II to assess a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following purposes does this screening serve? (select all that apply) a. Screens apparently healthy infants for developmental problems b. Allows the infants growth patterns to be compared with other infants c. Validates intuitive concerns about an infants development using an objective test d. Monitors high-risk children for developmental problems

A,C,D The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) is one of several standardized tools that screens for developmental problems in children from birth to 6 years of age. The purposes identified for administering the Denver II: screening apparently healthy infants for developmental problems; validating intuitive concerns about an infants development with an objective test, and monitoring high-risk children for developmental problems.

A nurse is completing an initial genetic counseling interview with a couple. Which of the following data would be collected during the interview? (select all that apply) a. Paternal age b. Maternal age c. Family history d. Religious affiliation

B,C An important aspect of genetic counseling is identifying families at increased risk and referring them as necessary. Aspects that would be reviewed in the initial interview include: maternal age, ethnic background, family history, reproductive history, and maternal disease.

The mother of a 3-month-old is concerned because her infant usually falls asleep halfway through his bottle. Because of this, the mother is afraid he will not grow well and get sick. Which of the following would be the most therapeutic response by the nurse? a. Ask the mother about the infants feeding schedule. b. Assure the mother that he is growing fine. c. Tell the mother that half a bottle is probably enough for him. d. Tell the mother she should start to add solids to his diet.

a. Ask the mother about the infants feeding schedule.

Where do most accidents occur? a. In the home b. In the car c. At day care d. On the playground

a. In the home

water is supplied to an infant through?

breast milk

what is considered "the perfect food" for an infant?

breastfeeding

A 5-month-old boy was born at 6 pounds, 7 ounces. He is being seen in the office for a well-child visit. The nurse would expect him to weigh approximately: a. 10 pounds, 14 ounces b. 11 pounds, 7 ounces c. 12 pounds, 14 ounces d. 13 pounds, 7 ounces

c. 12 pounds, 14 ounces The child should weigh approximately 12 pounds, 14 ounces, because by 5 months of age, the child should weigh twice the birth weight. At age 1, the child should weigh triple the birth weight

A nurse is assessing the language development of a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following findings would the nurse anticipate? a. The infant forms two-syllable sounds. b. The infant coos and makes vowel sounds. c. The infant babbles. d. The infant says ma-ma and bye-bye.

c. The infant babbles. By 6 months, babbling sounds are heard, and by 9 to 10 months, the infant forms two-syllable sounds. By 12 months, words such as ma-ma and bye-bye are emerging. Cooing and vowel sounds are heard at approximately 2 to 3 months

What is the sequence of solids for infants beginning to transfer to solid foods?

cereal, fruits, veggies, meats

A nurse makes a home visit to a 15-month-old following a hospitalization for a fall. Which finding would be concerning to the nurse? a. Radiator heating system in the home b. The child drinking from a cup c. The child experiencing a temper tantrum d. A decorative bowl filled with colorful marbles on the coffee table

d. A decorative bowl filled with colorful marbles on the coffee table

A nurse assesses that the task of development of affection for and from others has been met or is in the process of being met by an infant. Which of the following observations has the nurse made? a. The infant smiles at mirror images. b. The infant makes cooing noises. c. The infant begins to smile socially. d. The infant likes to be picked up.

d. The infant likes to be picked up. An infant who likes to be picked up is displaying affection for others. This task is usually accomplished by 6 months of age.

What is the recommendation for introducing solid foods?

wait until 6 months to lower risk of food allergies

should a nurse encourage breastfeeding?

yes

Which of the following infants is most at risk to experience child abuse? a. Father has experienced paternal engrossment b. Responds to parental touch c. Parents have low-self esteem d. Has been adopted

c. Parents have low-self esteem

By what age is an infants retina fully developed? a. Birth b. 2 months c. 4 months d. 6 months

c. 4 months

A 15-month-old infant has been brought into the office by his Spanish-speaking mother for symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse? a. Ask the mother if she would like an interpreter. b. Ask the mother what home remedies have been used. c. Ask the mother how long the child has had these symptoms. d. Ask the mother about any allergies the child may have.

a. Ask the mother if she would like an interpreter.

A nurse would like to be involved in promoting change in health care policies. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to accomplish this goal? a. Be an active member of a national nursing organization. b. Vote for political leaders in favor of health care reform. c. Enroll in a health policy class. d. Learn about community resources.

a. Be an active member of a national nursing organization.

A mother asks a nurse what the best toy would be for her 2-month-old. Based on the growth and development of the infant, which of the following recommendations should be made by the nurse? a. Colorful mobile with music b. Rattle c. Stuffed teddy bear d. Play telephone

a. Colorful mobile with music The most appropriate toy based on the childs age and developmental level would be a colorful mobile with music. At this age, the infant can listen to sounds and follow objects. The mobile provides visual and auditory stimulation to continue to promote growth and development.

A 2-month-old infant is in for a well-baby visit. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse administer to the infant? a. DTaP-1 b. MMR c. Varicella d. Influenza

a. DTaP-1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) recommends the following vaccines at 2 months of age: DTaP-1, Hib-1, PCV, Polio, RV.

A nurse is developing an educational program about SIDS for a new mothers support group in the community. Which of the following information would be included in this presentation? a. Parents are encouraged to place their infants in the supine sleeping position. b. SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants age 6 months to 1 year old. c. SIDS is associated with infants who have had difficulty sleeping at night. d. Parents are encouraged to limit the amount of tummy time of their infant.

a. Parents are encouraged to place their infants in the supine sleeping position.

An infant is lying in a crib watching and listening to a colorful mobile. What is the purpose of having a mobile? a. Provides stimulation necessary for continued growth and development for the infant b. Provides too much stimulation for the infant, making it difficult for the infant to focus c. Serves as inadequate stimulation for the infant because it is an inanimate object d. Serves as a distractor for the infant, making it easier to fall asleep

a. Provides stimulation necessary for continued growth and development for the infant

A delivery room nurse senses disappointment when a mother is told she just delivered a baby girl. Which of the following would be the most therapeutic response by the nurse? a. Yes, you just delivered a healthy, beautiful baby girl. b. This is your first baby. You can always try again for a boy. c. Dont worry, many parents often feel the same way you do. d. You are tired. I think you should get some rest.

a. Yes, you just delivered a healthy, beautiful baby girl.

A nurse is completing a home visit of a new mother who is breast-feeding her infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide during this visit? a. Consume 500 kcal/day above pre-pregnancy energy intake to avoid excessive weight loss. b. Drink 1 quart of fluids daily to produce sufficient quantity of breast milk. c. Use formula to provide the infant supplementation between feedings. d. Use a pacifier to help the infant to fall asleep so he does not fall asleep when breast-feeding.

b. Drink 1 quart of fluids daily to produce sufficient quantity of breast milk.

A 9-month-old has mastered the pincer grasp. Which of the following tasks would the nurse anticipate that the infant can do by himself? a. Play with a rattle. b. Eat cheerios off a hard surface. c. Hold a spoon to feed himself. d. Drink from a cup.

b. Eat cheerios off a hard surface.

The nurse performs a home visit for a new mother and infant. The nurse observes that the infant lacks a regular feeding schedule, has diapers that are not changed promptly, and cries for long periods of time before being consoled. Which of the following problems is the infant most at risk for encountering in the future? a. Developing enuresis as a toddler b. Having difficulty forming relationships c. Becoming a picky eater d. Taking longer to toilet train

b. Having difficulty forming relationships The infant may have difficulty forming relationships in the future because trust influences future relationships. By attending to the infants needs, parents are helping the infant develop trust in them. Not having his needs attended to hinders that developmental task.

A mother asks the nurse when she should start feeding her infant solid foods. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. It is recommended that solid foods are introduced no earlier than 3 months of age. b. It is recommended that solid foods are introduced no earlier than 6 months of age. c. You should wait until your child is 9 months old to start solid foods. d. You should wait until your child is 1 year old to start solid foods.

b. It is recommended that solid foods are introduced no earlier than 6 months of age.

A nurse is encouraging parents to immunize their infants. Which of the following strategies would be the best way for the nurse to facilitate this? a. Send a reminder for immunizations to the parents. b. Talk to the parents about immunizations during office visits. c. Track clients who have not been immunized. d. Memorize the CDC immunization schedule

b. Talk to the parents about immunizations during office visits.

A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings will require the nurse to collect additional information? a. The infants shirt is wet from drooling. b. The infant has gained one pound since her 2-month well-child visit. c. The infant holds his or her head steady when in a sitting position. d. The infant grasps objects with two hands.

b. The infant has gained one pound since her 2-month well-child visit.

An infant is going through the toys in his toy box. He looks at each one before dropping it to the floor and picking the next toy out of the box. Using a growth and development perspective, which of the following conclusions can the nurse draw by assessing this behavior? a. The infant is testing his limits. b. The infant is exploring his environment. c. The infant is expressing his emotions. d. The infant is developing fine motor skills.

b. The infant is exploring his environment.

A new father is installing a car seat for an infant in the car. Which of the following information should be given to the father by the nurse? a. The infant should be in a rear-facing car seat in the front seat. b. The infant should be in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat. c. The infant should be in a front-facing car seat in the front seat. d. The infant should be in a front-facing car seat in the back seat.

b. The infant should be in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat.

During a home visit to the home of a 3-month-old infant, which environmental finding requires immediate anticipatory guidance? a. A pool in the backyard without a gate b. The lack of smoke detectors c. The lack of childproof latches on drawers and cupboards d. Two azalea plants in the living room

b. The lack of smoke detectors

The mother of an 8-month-old asks what the minimum recommended amount of fat intake is for her 10-kg infant. Which of the following would be the minimum recommended fat intake? a. 18 grams a day b. 28 grams a day c. 38 grams a day d. 48 grams a day

c. 38 grams a day The minimum recommended fat intake for this 8-month-old, 10-kg infant is 38 grams per day. The minimum recommended fat intake for an infant this age is 3.8 g/kcal. Thus, 3.8 10 = 38.

The mother of a 16-month-old infant asks a nurse her opinion about holiday decorating. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide to the mother? a. Avoid hanging a wreath with holly and berries on the front door. b. Avoid hanging decorative pictures of a bearded Santa Claus on the window. c. Avoid placing poinsettia plants around the home. d. Avoid hanging stockings on the fireplace mantle.

c. Avoid placing poinsettia plants around the home.

A new mother has decided to breast-feed her infant after having bottle-fed her other two children. Which of the following information about having a breast-fed infant should the nurse discuss with the mother? a. Breast-fed infants have darker bowel movements than bottle-fed babies. b. Breast-fed infants have smellier bowel movements than bottle-fed babies. c. Breast-fed infants have more frequent bowel movements than bottle-fed babies. d. Breast-fed infants have harder bowel movements than bottle-fed babies

c. Breast-fed infants have more frequent bowel movements than bottle-fed babies.

A nurse is working with a family of an infant to improve their health-perception and health management pattern. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement? a. Assess the home for safety hazards. b. Teach parents appropriate coping mechanisms. c. Demonstrate effective parenting skills. d. Encourage appropriate stimulation of the infant.

c. Demonstrate effective parenting skills. Health is largely a subjective judgment. With this understanding, the nurse uses every opportunity to convey confidence in the parents health perception-health management pattern and their ability to act to enhance the infants health. When parents learn and adopt behaviors to improve their own health, they are more likely to ensure that the health needs of their infant are met. Parental modeling increases the changes that good health practices will be retained throughout the childs life.

uring a home visit, the nurse finds a 9-month-old in a playpen with a couple of toys. Which of the following instructions would be most appropriate for the nurse to provide to the parent to encourage growth and development of the child? a. Encourage the addition of a few more toys to the playpen. b. Suggest keeping the infant in the playpen as much as possible to promote safe play. c. Encourage providing the infant with supervised time outside of the playpen. d. Suggest removing all toys from the playpen.

c. Encourage providing the infant with supervised time outside of the playpen.

A new young mother asks the nurse what she should do to play with her 3-month-old infant. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse provide? a. Take the infant for a walk outside. b. Place several toys around the infant when lying on the floor. c. Rock the infant in a rocking chair. d. Search the Internet for toys highly recommended for infants

c. Rock the infant in a rocking chair.

A nurse is completing a well-child assessment of a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following guidelines should be used when assessing the infants height and weight? a. CDC growth charts b. CDC body mass index (BMI) charts c. WHO growth standards d. Denver Developmental Screening height and weight standards

c. WHO growth standards

A nurse visits a 3-month-old infant of a single mother for a weight check. She finds two older children running around the home, the infant is crying, the mother yelling at the two children and a half-lit cigarette is in an ashtray. The mother tells the nurse the visit needs to be cut short today because she has to pick up her other children from the bus stop. Which of the following would be the most beneficial intervention this nurse can provide during this visit? a. Leave and tell the mother to call her to reschedule the appointment. b. Weigh the infant and contact the Department of Children and Families. c. Weigh the infant and offer community resources to the mother. d. Offer to go pick up the other children at the bus stop.

c. Weigh the infant and offer community resources to the mother.

The mother of a 4-month-old infant is concerned about the possibility of SIDS because her neighbors daughter passed away last year as a result of SIDS. The mother reports she is so nervous that she has taken up smoking again. The mother informs you that the 4-month-old sleeps supine and takes a pacifier to help her fall asleep. Which of the following statements would be the best response from the nurse? a. You should place the infant in the bed with you until 6 months of age. b. You should never give the infant a pacifier while she is sleeping. c. You should try to stop smoking. d. You should place the infant on her stomach.

c. You should try to stop smoking.

Which of the following is the most common poison ingested by infants? a. Houseplants b. Lead c. Cleaning agents d. Aspirin

d. Aspirin The most common ingested poison is aspirin, followed by houseplants and cleaning agents