Chapter 18
Thirty Year's War
1618-1648 conflict that pitted Protestants against Catholics in central Europe, but also involved dynastic interests, notably of Spain and France.
Bill of Rights of 1689
Passed by Parliament and accepted by William and Mary that limited the powers of British monarchs and affirmed those of Parliament.
Absolutism
Political system common to early modern Europe in which monarchs claimed exclusive power to make and enforce laws, w/o checks by other institutions.
Constitutionalism
Power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government, on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subject or citizens on the other.
Puritans
Advocated purifying of the Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials and wedding rings.
Sovereignty
Authority of states that possess a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of orce within clearly defined boundaries. Private armies present no threat to central control.
Divine Right of Kings
Belief that God appointed the kings.
Moral Economy
Community needs predominated over competition and profit and that necessary goods should thus be sold at a fair price.
Republicanism
Form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives.
Cossacks
Free groups and outlaw armies living on the borders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward.
Navigation Acts
Laws that greatly restricted other countries' rights to trade with England and its colonies.
Protestant Reformation
Religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church.
Mercantilism
System of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state derived from the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.
Jesuits
goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through humanistic schools and missionary activity.