Chapter 18 practice for quiz

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is (are) A)oxytocin and luteinizing hormone. B) luteinizing hormone. C)oxytocin. D)just extra fluids. E)prolactin.

C

Thyroid hormone contains the element A)zinc. B)chlorine. C)iron. D)iodine. E)fluorine.

D

Melatonin is produced by the A) pineal gland. B) skin. C) heart. D)thymus. E)kidneys.

A

The testes produce A) testosterone. B) FSH. C) inhibin. D)progesterone. E) LH.

A

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A)FSH. B)TSH. C)LH. D)GH. E)ACTH.

B

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. B) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. C) cell membrane becomes depolarized. D) cell becomes inactive. E) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm.

B

The adrenal medulla produces A) corticosteroids. B) epinephrine. C) androgens. D) glucocorticoids. E)mineralocorticoids.

B

The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones called ________.

corticosteroids

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the ________.

neurohypophysis

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A) cortisol. B)somatotropin. C)glucagon. D) insulin. E) aldosterone.

D

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. B) increases the level of glucose in the blood. C)stimulates the formation of white blood cells. D) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. E) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood.

D

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is A) MSH. B)insulin. C)prolactin. D)growth hormone. E)ACTH.

D

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except A) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. B)fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. C) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. D) the level of fatty acids in the blood. E) ACTH levels.

E

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called ________.

Gonadotropins

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? A) insulin B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D)cortisol E) parathyroid hormone

B

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is A) aldosterone. B) parathormone. C) thymosin. D) cortisol. E) somatotropin.

A

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is A) cortisol. B)calcitonin. C) insulin. D)aldosterone. E) renin.

A

Pinealocytes produce A)melanin. B)FSH. C)MSH. D)LH. E) melatonin.

E

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? A) catecholamines B) peptide hormones C) eicosanoids D) All of the above E) None of the above

D

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces A)insulin. B)glucagon. C)bile. D) somatotropin. E)digestive enzymes.

E

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? A) glycosuria B) low blood glucose C)ketoacidosis D) high blood glucose E) polyuria

B

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) thyroxine. B) parathyroid hormone. C)calcitonin. D)glucagon. E)oxytocin.

C

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting A)GHIH. B) antidiuretic hormone. C)glucagon. D)aldosterone. E) thyroid hormone.

C

A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is A) thymosin. B) parathormone. C)erythropoietin. D) cortisol. E) aldosterone.

D

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________. A) glucagon; somatostatin B) pancreatic polypeptide; insulin C) insulin; glucagon D)glucagon; insulin E)somatostatin; insulin

D

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. A)only one B)one or two C) two D) several

D

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except A)increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation. B)stimulation of red blood cell formation. C)elevated rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption. D) maintenance of normal sensitivity of respiratory centers. E) decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

E

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they A)are lipids. B) are produced by reproductive glands. C) are derived from cholesterol. D)bind to receptors within the cell. E)are produced by the adrenal medulla.

E

An activated G protein can trigger A) the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. B) the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. C) a fall in cAMP levels. D) a rise in cAMP levels. E) all of the above

E

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is A)ACTH. B) TSH. C) GH. D) LH. E) FSH.

A

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

Adrenal

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the ________.

Adrenal cortex

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A) glucagon. B) somatotropin. C) thyroxine. D) calcitonin. E) parathyroid hormone.

C

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. A) testosterone B)oxytocin C)estrogen D)gonadotropins E)progesterone

C

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A)ACTH. B) TSH. C)FSH. D)GH. E)LH.

C

The primary function of ADH is to A)decrease blood pressure. B)delay urination. C)decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. D)increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. E)increase digestive absorption.

C

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in A)diabetes insipidus B)acromegaly C)Addison disease D)goiter E)diabetes mellitus

E

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release A)FSH. B) TSH. C) LH. D) GH. E)all of the above

E

Steroid hormones A) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. D) are proteins. E) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

E

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce A) TSH. B) triiodothyronine. C)thyroxine. D) PTH. E) calcitonin.

E

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones A) synephrine and neosynephrine. B)androgens and progesterone. C)norcortisol and cortisol. D) corticosterone and testosterone. E) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

E

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is A)ACTH. B)FSH. C)GH. D) TSH. E) LH.

E

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin? A)prostate B)ductus deferens C) mammary glands D) uterus E) all of the above

E

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger? A)insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) TSH E) cyclic AMP

E

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes.

Calmodulin

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) PTH B)cortisol C)calcitonin D) aldosterone E)thymosin

A

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) insulin. B)peptide P. C) somatostatin. D)glucagon. E)cortisol.

A

Growth hormone does all of the following, except A)promotes muscle growth. B) promotes bone growth. C) promotes amino acid uptake by cells. D) spares glucose. E) causes fat accumulation within adipocytes.

E

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A) insulin. B) cortisol. C) erythropoietin. D) somatotropin. E)glucagon.

A

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. Therefore, The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one? A) renin B)ADH C)aldosterone D)cortisol E) epinephrine

B

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doesn't A) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. B)build up bone. C)enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. D) inhibit osteoblast activity. E) stimulate osteoclast activity.

B

Peptide hormones are A)derived from the amino acid tyrosine. B)composed of amino acids. C) chemically related to cholesterol. D) lipids. E)produced by the adrenal glands.

B

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A) insulin. B) parathyroid hormone. C)growth hormone. D)thyroid hormone. E)glucagon.

B

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) ATP B) a G protein. C) cAMP. D) cGMP. E) calcium ion levels.

B

When blood glucose levels rise A)peripheral cells break down glycogen. B)insulin is released. C)protein synthesis decreases. D)glucagon is released. E) peripheral cells take up less glucose.

B

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex: A) protein kinases are activated. B) G proteins are phosphorylated. C) gene transcription is initiated. D) adenylyl cyclase is activated. E) cyclic nucleotides are formed.

C

All target cells A)secrete hormones. B) have hormone receptors. C)have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals. D) secrete hormones and have hormone receptors. E) respond to chemical signals.

C

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein A)calcitriol. B) calcium-binding globulin. C) calmodulin. D) calcitonin. E) calcitropin.

C

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A)norepinephrine. B) epinephrine. C) aldosterone. D) ACTH. E)angiotensin.

C

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of A) LH. B) ACTH. C) ADH. D) oxytocin. E)TSH.

C

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of A) oxytocin. B)antidiuretic hormone. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E)calcitonin.

C

Endocrine structures A)contain few vesicles. B)are a type of nerve cell. C) are modified connective-tissue cells. D)release their secretions directly into body fluids. E) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.

D

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus A) blood glucose levels are very high. B)glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. C) a large excretion of urine occurs. D) all of the above

D

The hormone oxytocin A)promotes uterine contractions. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) rises during sexual arousal. D)all of the above E)none of the above

D

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A)gap synaptic junctions. B)altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. C)indirect osmotic control. D)secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. E)direct neural stimulation.

D

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) growth hormone. B)FSH. C)ACTH. D)prolactin. E)TSH.

D

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) TSH. B)MSH. C)ACTH. D)ADH. E)FSH.

D

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A) kidneys. B) pituitary gland. C) heart. D)thyroid gland. E) gonads.

D

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? A) thyroid glands; calcitonin B)parathyroid glands; levothyroxine C) parathyroid glands; calcitonin D) thyroid glands; levothyroxine E) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

E

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect A)quantities of enzymes. B) activities of enzymes. C) synthesis of enzymes. D)gating of ion channels. E) all of the above

E

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors? A)blood level of an ion-like potassium B) blood level of glucose C) blood level of a hormone D) nervous stimuli E) all of the above

E

Peripheral cells that respond to a hormone are called ________.

Target Cells